scholarly journals Eco-geographic patterns of child malnutrition in India and its association with cereal cultivation: An analysis using demographic health survey and agriculture datasets

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Rama Krishna Sanjeev ◽  
Prashanth Nuggehalli Srinivas ◽  
Bindu Krishnan ◽  
Yogish Channa Basappa ◽  
Akshay S. Dinesh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
District Level ◽  
Child Malnutrition ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Causal Pathways ◽  
Geographic Patterns ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Cereal Cultivation

Background: High prevalence of maternal malnutrition, low birth-weight and child malnutrition in India contribute substantially to the global malnutrition burden. Rural India has disproportionately higher levels of child malnutrition. Stunting and wasting are the primary determinants of child malnutrition and their district-level distribution shows clustering in different geographies and regions. Cereals, particularly millets, constitute the bulk of protein intake among the poor, especially in rural areas in India where high prevalence of wasting persists. Methods: The last round of National Family Health Survey (NFHS4) has disaggregated data by district, enabling a more fine-scale characterisation of the prevalence of markers of malnutrition. We used data from NFHS4 and agricultural statistics datasets to analyse relationship of prevalence of malnutrition at the district level and area under cereal cultivation. We analysed malnutrition through data on under-5 stunting and wasting by district.  Results: Stunting and wasting patterns across districts show a distinct geographical and age distribution; districts with higher wasting showed relatively higher prevalence before six months of age. Wasting prevalence at district level was associated with higher cultivation of millets, with a stronger association seen for jowar and other millets (Kodo millet, little millet, proso millet, barnyard millet and foxtail millet). District level stunting was associated with higher district level cultivation of all crops (except other millets). The analysis was limited by lack of fine-scale data on prevalence of low birth-weight and type of cereal consumed. Conclusions: Better cereal cultivation and consumption data will be needed to confirm causal pathways contributing to potential ecogeographic patterns. The cultivation of other millets has a strong association with prevalence of wasting. State-of-the-art studies that improve our understanding of bio-availability of amino acids and other nutrients from the prevalent dietary matrices of rural poor communities will be needed to confirm causal pathways contributing to potential eco-geographic patterns.

scholarly journals Does cereal, protein and micronutrient availability hold the key to the malnutrition conundrum? An exploratory analysis of cereal cultivation and wasting patterns of India

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Rama Krishna Sanjeev ◽  
Prashanth Nuggehalli Srinivas ◽  
Bindu Krishnan ◽  
Yogish Channa Basappa ◽  
Akshay S. Dinesh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Foxtail Millet ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
District Level ◽  
Child Malnutrition ◽  
Maternal Malnutrition ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Cereal Cultivation

Background: High prevalence of maternal malnutrition, low birth-weight and child malnutrition in India contribute substantially to the global malnutrition burden. Rural India has disproportionately higher levels of child malnutrition. Stunting and wasting are the primary determinants of child malnutrition and their district-level distribution shows clustering in different geographies and regions. Methods: The last round of National Family Health Survey (NFHS4) has disaggregated data by district, enabling a more nuanced understanding of the prevalence of markers of malnutrition. We used data from NFHS4 and agricultural statistics datasets to analyse relationship of area under cereal cultivation with the prevalence of malnutrition at the district level. We analysed malnutrition through data on under-5 stunting and wasting; maternal malnutrition was assessed through prevalence of women’s low BMI and short stature by district.  Results: Stunting and wasting patterns across districts show a distinct geographical and age distribution; districts with higher wasting showed relatively high prevalence of 40% before six months of age. Wasting was associated with higher cultivation of millets, with a stronger association seen for jowar and other millets (Kodo millet, little millet, proso millet, barnyard millet and foxtail millet). Stunting was associated with cultivation of all crops except other millets. Low women’s BMI was seen associated with cultivation of rice and millets. The analysis was limited by lack of fine-scale data on prevalence of low birth-weight and type of cereal consumed. Conclusions: Multi-site observational studies of long-term effects of type of cereals consumed could help explain the ecogeographic distribution of malnutrition in India. Cereals, particularly millets constitute the bulk of protein intake among the poor, especially in rural areas in India where high prevalence of  wasting persists.

scholarly journals Does cereal, protein and micronutrient availability hold the key to the malnutrition conundrum? An exploratory analysis of cereal cultivation and wasting patterns of India

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Rama Krishna Sanjeev ◽  
Prashanth Nuggehalli Srinivas ◽  
Bindu Krishnan ◽  
Yogish Channa Basappa ◽  
Akshay S. Dinesh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Nutrient Sensing ◽  
Child Malnutrition ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Policies And Programs ◽  
Cereal Cultivation

Background: High prevalence of maternal malnutrition, low birth-weight and child malnutrition in India contribute substantially to the global malnutrition burden. Rural India has disproportionately higher levels of child malnutrition. Stunting and wasting are the primary determinants of malnutrition and their district-level distribution shows clustering in different geographies and regions. Methods: The last round of National Family Health Survey (NFHS4) has disaggregated data by district, enabling a more nuanced understanding of the prevalence of markers of malnutrition. We used data from NFHS4 and agricultural statistics datasets to analyse relationship of cereal cultivation with the prevalence of child malnutrition. We studied the current science on growth-related nutrient-sensing pathways to explain this pattern.  Results: Stunting and wasting patterns across districts show a distinct geographical and age distribution; districts with higher wasting showed early prevalence of 40% at six months of age. Wasting was associated with higher cultivation of millets, with a stronger association seen for jowar and other millets. Low maternal BMI in districts with higher wasting could be linked to the consumption of millets as staple. We conceptualised a hypothetical schematic pathway linking early origin of wasting in children with millet-based diet, driven by inhibition of critical intra-cellular pathways controlling growth covering pre-natal, post-natal and early childhood. The analysis was limited by lack of fine-scale data on prevalence of low birth-weight and type of cereal consumed. Conclusions: Multi-site observational studies of long-term effects of type of cereals consumed could help explain the ecogeographic distribution of malnutrition in India. Cereals, particularly millets constitute the bulk of protein intake among the poor, especially in rural areas in India where wasting persists. Policies and programs targeting malnutrition need to address type of cereal consumed in order to impact childhood malnutrition in parts of India where subsistence cultivation of millets for staple consumption is prevalent.

Low Birth Weight in Ethiopia: A Multi-Level Analysis of 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Addisu Alehegn Alemu ◽  
Liknaw Bewket Zeleke ◽  
Bewket Aynalem ◽  
Melaku Desta ◽  
Eskeziaw Abebe Kasahun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Level Analysis

Informing Prescribing Allocations at District Level in England

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 154-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigel Rice ◽  
Roy Carr-Hill ◽  
David Roberts ◽  
David Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
General Practitioners ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
District Level ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Adult Males

Objectives: To derive a predictive model based on the morbidity, demographic and socio-economic characteristics of district populations to explain variations in prescribing costs in England. Method: Inter-relations between morbidity, demographic, socio-economic, general practice supply characteristics and net ingredient cost per age, sex and temporary resident originated prescribing unit (ASTRO-PU) were explored statistically for 90 districts in England using 1994 cost data. The possibility of mutual inter-relationship between ‘supply’ and ‘demand’ was examined; then the associations between a range of factors and prescribing costs were estimated using ordinary least squares regression and the predictive power of the possible models was systematically examined. Results: Whilst there was a relatively weak relationship between the supply factors that were measured, there did not appear to be any reciprocal relationship. Three parsimonious models estimated using ordinary least squares multiple regression techniques based on combinations of permanent sickness, low birth weight and the proportion of general practitioners registered for postgraduate certificate of education were identified. The models explained up to 61% of variation between districts in prescribing costs. Conclusions: ‘Need’ and ‘supply’ characteristics are independently associated with variations in prescribing costs at district level. The negative association between the proportion of general practitioners eligible for postgraduate education allowance and prescribing costs may reflect ‘better’ prescribing but could not be introduced into a resource allocation formula without introducing perverse incentives. The combination of permanent sickness and low birth weight complement each other by providing a proxy measure of morbidity mostly applicable to adult males (permanent sickness) and mothers (low birth weight being a measure of maternal health). These variables should be considered further for use in the process of allocating resources for prescribing to districts.

P2-146 Fetal growth in Bangladesh: a country with high prevalence of low birth weight and maternal malnutrition

2007 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
pp. S170
Author(s):  
Y. Wagatsuma ◽  
E.A. Frongillo ◽  
S.E. Arifeen ◽  
M. Begum ◽  
M. Yunus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Maternal Malnutrition ◽  
High Prevalence

scholarly journals Factors associated with low birth weight in Afghanistan: a cross-sectional analysis of the demographic and health survey 2015

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. e025715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajat Das Gupta ◽  
Krystal Swasey ◽  
Vanessa Burrowes ◽  
Mohammad Rashidul Hashan ◽  
Gulam Muhammed Al Kibria
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated

ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the factors associated with low birth weight (LBW) in Afghanistan.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingThis study used data collected from the Afghanistan Demographic and Health Survey 2015.ParticipantsFacility-based data from 2773 weighted live-born children enrolled by a two-stage sampling strategy were included in our analysis.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome was LBW, defined as birth weight <2.5kg.ResultsOut of 2773 newborns, 15.5% (n=431) had LBW. Most of these newborns were females (58.3%, n=251), had a mother with no formal schooling (70.5%, n=304), lived in urban areas (63.4%, n=274) or lived in the Central region of Afghanistan (59.7%, n=257). In multivariable analysis, residence in Central (adjusted OR (AOR): 3.4; 95% CI 1.7 to 6.7), Central Western (AOR: 3.0; 95% CI 1.5 to 5.8) and Southern Western (AOR: 4.0; 95% CI 1.7 to 9.1) regions had positive association with LBW. On the other hand, male children (AOR: 0.5; 95% CI 0.4 to 0.8), newborns with primary maternal education (AOR: 0.5; 95% CI 0.3 to 0.8), birth interval ≥48 months (AOR: 0.4; 95% CI 0.1 to 0.8), belonging to the richest wealth quintile (AOR: 0.2; 95% CI 0.1 to 0.6) and rural residence (AOR: 0.3; 95% CI 0.2 to 0.6) had decreased odds of LBW.ConclusionsMultiple factors had association with LBW in Afghanistan. Maternal, Neonatal and Child Health programmes should focus on enhancing maternal education and promoting birth spacing to prevent LBW. To reduce the overall burden of LBW, women of the poorest wealth quintiles, and residents of Central, Central Western and South Western regions should also be prioritised. Further exploration is needed to understand why urban areas are associated with higher likelihood of LBW. In addition, research using nationally representative samples are required.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis on the Prevalence of Low Birth Weight Infants in Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Maryam Sabbaghchi ◽  
Rostam Jalali ◽  
Masoud Mohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Knowledge Network ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Total Prevalence ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Difference

Background. Low birth weight is a significant index for survival, intrauterine growth, and mortality in infants. Thus, this study is aimed at determining the prevalence of low birth weight in Iranian infants through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods. This study was performed by meta-analysis from January 2000 to December 2019. The studies relevant to the topic have been obtained through search in databases of Scopus, ScienceDirect, SID, Magiran, Barakat Knowledge Network System, Medline (PubMed), and Google Scholar. Heterogeneity of the studies has been assessed by the I 2 index, and data analysis was done using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software. Results. By investigating 14 articles and 93924 infants, the total prevalence of low birth weight in infants in Iran was achieved at 8.5% (95% CI: 7.3-9.9%) according to the meta-analysis; the most prevalence of low birth weight was in infants in Hamedan at 19.1% (95% CI: 21.2-17.2%) in 2007, and the lowest prevalence of low birth weight was in infants in Tonekabon at 4.2% (95% CI: 3.4-5.2%) in 2005, and also, by increasing the sample size, the prevalence of low birth weight increases, by which the difference is statistically significant ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusion. Due to the high prevalence of low birth weight in infants in Iran, health policy-makers must take effective attempts in order to reduce it in infants.

scholarly journals Nutritional Status, Diet Diversity and Risk of Low Birth Weight Among Young Rural Indian Pregnant Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 751-751
Author(s):  
Devaki Gokhale ◽  
Shobha Rao
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Head Circumference ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Diet Diversity ◽  
Sitting Height ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
High Prevalence

Abstract Objectives To assess the nutritional status, diet diversity in relation to the risk of low birth weight (LBW) among young rural mothers. Methods Full term mothers (n = 174) registering ≤ 14 weeks of gestation at the ANC of primary health center in Pune, were enrolled. Information on socio-demographic profile and anthropometric measurements viz. weight, height, sitting height, head circumference, body fat and muscle mass at registration were recorded. Diet diversity was assessed through a 24-hr diet record using FAO questionnaire. Weight and length of the baby at birth were also recorded. Results Majority of mothers were undernourished (body mass index &lt; 18.5kg/m2). Mean birth weight was 2649 ± 516g with a high prevalence (28.7%) of LBW. Significant risk for LBW was observed for mothers with poor nutritional status (weight − OR = 3.3; CI: 1.6−8.5, BMI -OR = 3.7; CI:1.5–8.9 and body fat - OR = 5.8; CI: 2.42–14.03) at registration. This risk was also associated with chronic maternal undernourishment (sitting height - OR = 3.90; CI: 1.6–9.1; small head circumference -OR = 3.5; CI: 1.6- 7.5). Low (≤3) diet diversity score was associated with high prevalence and risk (OR = 5.72; CI: 2.5–13) for LBW along with an increased risk for absence of foods like milk (OR = 6.9; CI:2–23.6), green leafy vegetables (OR = 5.18; CI:2.3–11.2), fruits (OR = 2.8; CI:1.3- 6.2) and eggs (OR = 15.6; CI: 2–118). These factors were significant even after adjusting for BMI (or body fat) indicating independent influence of maternal diet. Conclusions Our findings highlight the importance of dietary diversification among undernourished mothers for better pregnancy outcome. Funding Sources No funding.

scholarly journals Women’s empowerment is associated with maternal nutrition and low birth weight: Evidence from Bangladesh Demographic Health Survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alamgir Kabir ◽  
Md Mahbubur Rashid ◽  
Kamal Hossain ◽  
Md Arifuzzaman Khan ◽  
Shegufta Shefa Sikder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Women's Empowerment ◽  
Wealth Quintile ◽  
Women’S Empowerment ◽  
Demographic Health Survey ◽  
Maternal Undernutrition

Abstract Background The burden of maternal undernutrition and low birth weight (LBW) incurs enormous economic costs due to their adverse consequences. Women’s empowerment is believed to be one of the key factors for attaining maternal and child health and nutritional goals. Our objective was to investigate the association of women’s empowerment with maternal undernutrition and LBW. Methods We used nationally representative data from the Bangladesh Demographic Health Survey for 2011 and 2014. We analysed 27,357 women and 9,234 mother-child pairs. A women’s empowerment index (WEI) was constructed using principal component analysis with five groups of indicators: a) education, b) access to socio-familial decision making, c) economic contribution and access to economic decision making, d) attitudes towards domestic violence and e) mobility. We estimated odds ratios as the measure of association between the WEI and the outcome measures using generalized estimating equations to account for the cluster level correlation. Results The overall prevalence of maternal undernutrition was 20% and LBW was 18%. The WEI was significantly associated with both maternal undernutrition and LBW with a dose-response relationship. The adjusted odds of having a LBW baby was 32% [AOR (95% CI):0.68 (0.57, 0.82)] lower in the highest quartile of the WEI relative to the lowest quartile. Household wealth significantly modified the effect of the WEI on maternal nutrition.; in the highest wealth quintile, the odds of maternal undernutrition was 54% [AOR (95% CI): 0.46 (0.33, 0.64)] lower while in the lowest wealth quintile the odds of undernutrition was only 18% [AOR (95% CI): 0.82 (0.67, 1.00)] lower comparing the highest WEI quartile with the lowest WEI quartile. However, the absolute differences in prevalence of undernutrition between the highest and lowest WEI quartiles were similar across wealth quintiles (6-8%). Conclusions This study used a comprehensive measure of women’s empowerment and provides strong evidence that low levels of women’s empowerment is associated with maternal undernutrition as well as with delivering LBW babies in Bangladesh. Therefore, policies to increase empowerment of women would contribute to improved public health.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document