scholarly journals Theory of change: Drama and arts-based community engagement for malaria research and elimination in Cambodia

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Mom Ean ◽  
Nou Sanann ◽  
James J. Callery ◽  
Christopher Pell ◽  
Thomas J. Peto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
National Malaria Control Programme ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Theory Of Change ◽  
Malaria Control Programme ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Malaria Research ◽  
Theories Of Change

Background: Across the Greater Mekong Sub-region, malaria persists in isolated communities along international borders. Arts and drama have been used to reach to communities in Cambodia to engage them in malaria research, prevention and control. The “Village Drama Against Malaria” (VDAM) project was conducted in north eastern and western Cambodia: Stung Treng; Battambang and Pailin provinces during 2016 to 2019.  In total, VDAM reached 55 rural villages, 2,378 student participants and 43,502 audience members. Methods: This article presents the results of two stakeholder-led evaluation workshops in which participants collaboratively developed theories of change to better understand the potential and actual impact of arts and drama-based activities on malaria in these communities. The workshops had a particular focus on identifying areas for monitoring and evaluation so that impact can be measured. Workshop participants included village malaria workers, community leaders, professional and student drama performers, and representatives from the local health authorities and the national malaria control programme. Results: Five broad areas were identified as relevant for monitoring and evaluation: logistical and practical challenges; embeddedness and reach of engagement; health knowledge and confidence of young people; effectiveness of communications; impact on malaria. These areas align well with the monitoring and evaluation conducted to date and point to additional opportunities for data collection. Conclusions: The findings from these workshops will inform future engagement strategies, for example, we may engage a smaller number of young people but over a longer period and more in-depth.

scholarly journals Theory of change: Drama and arts-based community engagement for malaria research and elimination in Cambodia

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Mom Ean ◽  
Nou Sanann ◽  
James J. Callery ◽  
Christopher Pell ◽  
Thomas J. Peto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
National Malaria Control Programme ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Theory Of Change ◽  
Malaria Control Programme ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Malaria Research ◽  
Theories Of Change

Background: Across the Greater Mekong Sub-region, malaria persists in isolated communities along international borders. Arts and drama have been used to reach to communities in Cambodia to engage them in malaria research, prevention and control. The “Village Drama Against Malaria” (VDAM) project was conducted in north eastern and western Cambodia: Stung Treng; Battambang and Pailin provinces during 2016 to 2019.  In total, VDAM reached 55 rural villages, 2,378 student participants and 43,502 audience members. Methods: This article presents the results of two stakeholder-led evaluation workshops in which participants collaboratively developed theories of change to better understand the potential and actual impact of arts and drama-based activities on malaria in these communities. The workshops had a particular focus on identifying areas for monitoring and evaluation so that impact can be measured. Workshop participants included village malaria workers, community leaders, professional and student drama performers, and representatives from the local health authorities and the national malaria control programme. Results: Five broad areas were identified as relevant for monitoring and evaluation: logistical and practical challenges; embeddedness and reach of engagement; health knowledge and confidence of young people; community-level malaria outcomes; impact on malaria. These areas align well with the monitoring and evaluation conducted to date and point to additional opportunities for data collection. Conclusions: The findings from these workshops will inform future engagement strategies, for example, we may engage a smaller number of young people but over a longer period and more in-depth.

scholarly journals Seeking research questions from implementers: considerations for leveraging ground actors research needs in the fight against malaria in West Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tete S. Amouh ◽  
Saidou Malam Ekoye ◽  
Césaire D. Ahanhanzo ◽  
Tinga Robert Guiguemdé ◽  
Issiaka Sombié
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Control ◽  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
National Malaria Control Programme ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Malaria Control Programme ◽  
Programme Implementation ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Malaria Programme ◽  
Research Questions

Abstract Background To strengthen the fight against malaria, it is imperative to identify weaknesses and possible solutions in order to improve programmes implementation. This study reports experiences gained from collaboration between decision-makers and researchers from a World Bank project (Malaria and Neglected Tropical Diseases in the Sahel, SM/NTD). The objectives of this paper were to identify bottlenecks in malaria programme implementation as well as related research questions they bring up. Methods Questionnaire addressed to National Malaria Control Programme managers and prioritization workshops were used as a medium to identify research questions. The bottlenecks in malaria programme implementation were identified in seven thematic areas namely governance, human resources, drugs, service provision, use of prevention methods, monitoring and evaluation (M and E), and public support or buy-in. The first five priority questions were: (1) compliance with drug doses on the second and third days during the seasonal chemoprevention (SMC) campaigns, (2) the contribution of community-based distributors to the management of severe cases of malaria in children under 5 years, (3) the SMC efficacy, (4) artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) tolerance and efficacy according to existing guidelines, and (5) the quality of malaria control at all levels of the health system. Results and conclusion This work showed the effectiveness of collaboration between implementers, programmes managers, and researchers in identifying research questions. The responses to these identified research questions of this study may contribute to improving the implementation of malaria control programmes across African countries.

scholarly journals Seeking research questions from implementers: considerations for leveraging ground actors research needs in the fight against malaria in West Africa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tete Sitou Amouh ◽  
Saidou Malam Ekoye ◽  
Césaire Damien Ahanhanzo ◽  
Tinga Robert Guiguemdé ◽  
Issiaka Sombié
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Control ◽  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
National Malaria Control Programme ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Malaria Control Programme ◽  
Programme Implementation ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Malaria Programme ◽  
Research Questions

Abstract BackgroundTo strengthen the fight against malaria, it is imperative to identify weaknesses and possible solutions in order to improve programmes implementation. This study reports experiences gained from collaboration between decision-makers and researchers from a World Bank project (Malaria and Neglected Tropical Diseases in the Sahel, SM/NTD). The objectives of this paper were to identify bottlenecks in malaria programme implementation as well as related research questions they bring up. MethodsQuestionnaire addressed to National Malaria Control Programme managers and prioritization workshops were used as a medium to identify research questions. The bottlenecks in malaria programme implementation were identified in seven thematic areas namely governance, human resources, drugs, service provision, use of prevention methods, monitoring and evaluation (M&E), and public support or buy-in. The first five priority questions were: (1) compliance with drug doses on the second and third days during the seasonal chemoprevention (SMC) campaigns, (2) the contribution of community-based distributors to the management of severe cases of malaria in children under 5 years, (3) the SMC efficacy, (4) artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) tolerance and efficacy according to existing guidelines, and (5) the quality of malaria control at all levels of the health system. Results and ConclusionThis work showed the effectiveness of collaboration between implementers, programmes managers, and researchers in identifying research questions. The responses to these identified research questions of this study may contribute to improving the implementation of malaria control programmes across African countries.

scholarly journals Therapeutic efficacy of artemether–lumefantrine and artesunate–amodiaquine for the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Mali, 2015–2016

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Youssouf Diarra ◽  
Oumar Koné ◽  
Lansana Sangaré ◽  
Lassina Doumbia ◽  
Dade Bouye Ben Haidara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Uncomplicated Malaria ◽  
Artemisinin Resistance ◽  
National Malaria Control Programme ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Malaria Control Programme ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Background The current first-line treatments for uncomplicated malaria recommended by the National Malaria Control Programme in Mali are artemether–lumefantrine (AL) and artesunate–amodiaquine (ASAQ). From 2015 to 2016, an in vivo study was carried out to assess the clinical and parasitological responses to AL and ASAQ in Sélingué, Mali. Methods Children between 6 and 59 months of age with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum infection and 2000–200,000 asexual parasites/μL of blood were enrolled, randomly assigned to either AL or ASAQ, and followed up for 42 days. Uncorrected and PCR-corrected efficacy results at days 28 and 42. were calculated. Known markers of resistance in the Pfk13, Pfmdr1, and Pfcrt genes were assessed using Sanger sequencing. Results A total of 449 patients were enrolled: 225 in the AL group and 224 in the ASAQ group. Uncorrected efficacy at day 28 was 83.4% (95% CI 78.5–88.4%) in the AL arm and 93.1% (95% CI 89.7–96.5%) in the ASAQ arm. The per protocol PCR-corrected efficacy at day 28 was 91.0% (86.0–95.9%) in the AL arm and 97.1% (93.6–100%) in the ASAQ arm. ASAQ was significantly (p < 0.05) better than AL for each of the aforementioned efficacy outcomes. No mutations associated with artemisinin resistance were identified in the Pfk13 gene. Overall, for Pfmdr1, the N86 allele and the NFD haplotype were the most common. The NFD haplotype was significantly more prevalent in the post-treatment than in the pre-treatment isolates in the AL arm (p < 0.01) but not in the ASAQ arm. For Pfcrt, the CVIET haplotype was the most common. Conclusions The findings indicate that both AL and ASAQ remain effective for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria in Sélingué, Mali.

scholarly journals Multiple insecticide resistance target sites in adult field strains of An. gambiae (s.l.) from southeastern Senegal

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
El hadji Diouf ◽  
El hadji Amadou Niang ◽  
Badara Samb ◽  
Cheikh Tidiane Diagne ◽  
Mbaye Diouf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Indoor Residual Spraying ◽  
National Malaria Control Programme ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Target Site ◽  
Malaria Control Programme ◽  
Insecticide Susceptibility ◽  
High Coverage ◽  
Pyrethroid Insecticides

Abstract Background High coverage of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) are the cornerstones of vector control strategy in Senegal where insecticide resistance by the target vectors species is a great of concern. This study explores insecticide susceptibility profile and target-site mutations mechanisms within the Anophelesgambiae complex in southeastern Senegal. Methods Larvae of Anopheles spp. were collected in two sites from southeastern Senegal Kedougou and Wassadou/Badi in October and November 2014, and reared until adult emergence. Wild F0 adult mosquitoes were morphologically identified to species. Susceptibility of 3–5-day-old An. gambiae (s.l.) samples to 11 insecticides belonging to the four insecticide classes was assessed using the WHO insecticide susceptibility bioassays. Tested samples were identified using molecular techniques and insecticide resistance target-site mutations (kdr, ace-1 and rdl) were determined. Results A total of 3742 An.gambiae (s.l.) were exposed to insecticides (2439 from Kedougou and 1303 from Wassadou-Badi). Tests with pyrethroid insecticides and DDT showed high level of resistance in both Kedougou and Wassadou/Badi. Resistance to pirimiphos-methyl and malathion was not detected while resistance to bendoicarb and fenitrothion was confirmed in Kedougou. Of the 745 specimens of An.gambiae (s.l.) genotyped, An.gambiae (s.s.) (71.6%) was the predominant species, followed by An.arabiensis (21.7%), An.coluzzii (6.3%) and hybrids (An. gambiae (s.s.)/An.coluzzii; 0.4%). All target site mutations investigated (Vgsc-1014F, Vgsc-1014S, Ace-1 and Rdl) were found at different frequencies in the species of the Anophelesgambiae complex. Vgsc-1014F mutation was more frequent in An.gambiae (s.s.) and An.coluzzii than An.arabiensis. Vgsc-1014S was present in An.gambiae (s.l.) populations in Wassadou but not in Kedougou. Ace-1 and rdl mutations were more frequent in An.gambiae (s.s.) in comparison to An.arabiensis and An.coluzzii. Conclusions Resistance to all the four insecticide classes tested was detected in southeastern Senegal as well as all target site mutations investigated were found. Data will be used by the national Malaria Control Programme.

scholarly journals Long-term Transmission Patterns and Public Health Policies Leading to Malaria Elimination in Panamá

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisbeth Hurtado ◽  
Alberto Cumbreras ◽  
Chystrie Rigg ◽  
Milixa Perea ◽  
Ana María Santamaría ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Malaria Control ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
National Malaria Control Programme ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Malaria Control Programme

Abstract Background: The present study provides a countrywide perspective of the malaria situation in Panama over a long-term framework, with the purpose of identifying historical malaria resurgence events and their potential causes.Methods: A descriptive-ecological study was conducted by analyzing demographic and epidemiological annual malaria time series data in Panamá (1884 – 2019) using several data sources. Malaria intensity indicators were calculated during the study period. We also analyze the effects of El Niño Southern Oscillation on malaria transmission using a retrospective analysis of malaria cases between 1957 and 2019.Results: Several factors were identified responsible for malaria resurgence in Panama, mostly related with Malaria Control Programme weakening. During the past 20 years (2000 – 2019) malaria has progressively increased its prevalence within indigenous settlements, with a predominance of male cases and a high proportion (15% of total cases) in children less than 5 years old. During this period a significant and increasing proportion of the P. falciparum total cases were imported. Our retrospective analysis (1957 - 2019) evidenced that ENSO has a significant impact on malaria transmission dynamics in Panama.Conclusions: Data analysis confirmed that although authorities have been successful in focalizing malaria transmission in the country, there are still neglected issues to be solved and important intercultural barriers that need to be addressed in order to achieve elimination of the disease by 2022. This information will be useful for targeting strategies by the National Malaria Control Programme.

scholarly journals An Overview of the Malaria Control Programme in Zambia

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Chanda ◽  
Mulakwa Kamuliwo ◽  
Richard W. Steketee ◽  
Michael B. Macdonald ◽  
Olusegun Babaniyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Control ◽  
National Development ◽  
National Malaria Control Programme ◽  
Universal Coverage ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Malaria Control Programme ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Malaria Surveillance ◽  
High Coverage ◽  
The Government

The Zambian national malaria control programme has made great progress in the fight against Malaria. The country has solid, consistent, and coordinated policies, strategies, and guidelines for malaria control, with government prioritizing malaria in both the National Health Strategic Plan and the National Development Plan. This has translated into high coverage of proven and effective key preventive, curative, and supportive interventions with concomitant marked reduction in both malaria cases and deaths. The achievements attained can be attributed to increased advocacy, communication and behaviour changes, efficient partnership coordination including strong community engagement, increased financial resources, and evidence-based deployment of key technical interventions in accordance with the national malaria control programme policy and strategic direction. The three-ones strategy has been key for increased and successful public-private sector partner coordination, strengthening, and mobilization. However, maintaining the momentum and the gains is critical as the programme strives to achieve universal coverage of evidence-based and proven interventions. The malaria control programme’s focus is to maintain the accomplishments, by mobilizing more resources and partners, increasing the government funding towards malaria control, scaling up and directing interventions based on epidemiological evidence, and strengthen active malaria surveillance and response to reduce transmission and to begin considering elimination.

High Levels of Knockdown Resistance in Anopheles coluzzii and Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae), Major Malaria Vectors in Togo, West Africa: A 2011 Monitoring Report

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 1159-1164
Author(s):  
Koffi Mensah Ahadji-Dabla ◽  
Adjovi Djifa Amoudji ◽  
Seth Wolali Nyamador ◽  
Georges Yawo Apétogbo ◽  
Joseph Chabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
National Malaria Control Programme ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
World Health ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Malaria Control Programme ◽  
Anopheles Coluzzii ◽  
Knockdown Resistance ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae S.S

Abstract A survey of susceptibility to DDT, deltamethrin, bendiocarb, and chlorpyrifos-methyl was conducted in five localities in 2011 in Togo, West Africa, to assess the insecticide resistance status of Anopheles gambiae s.l. (Diptera: Culicidae). Female populations of An. gambaie s.l. emerged from collected larvae (F0) were exposed to insecticide-impregnated papers using World Health Organization test kits for adult mosquitoes; the susceptible reference strain Kisumu was used as a control. Resistance to DDT and deltamethrin was observed within the mosquito populations tested. Anopheles gambiae s.s. and Anopheles coluzzii represented the only species recorded in the study sites. The frequency of knockdown resistance (kdr L1014F) mutation determined using polymerase chain reaction diagnostic tests was lower in An. gambiae than in An. coluzzii in all of the localities except Kolokopé. Further investigations of An. gambiae s.l. resistance are needed in Togo to help the National Malaria Control Programme in vector control decision making and implementation of resistance management strategy.

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