scholarly journals The WHO guideline on drugs to prevent COVID-19: small numbers- big conclusions

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
William HK Schilling ◽  
James J. Callery ◽  
Arjun Chandna ◽  
Raph L Hamers ◽  
James A Watson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
World Health ◽  
Drug Discontinuation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Poor Tolerability ◽  
Who Guideline

The World Health Organization (WHO) living guideline on drugs to prevent COVID-19 has recently advised that ongoing trials evaluating hydroxychloroquine in chemoprophylaxis should stop. The WHO guideline cites “high certainty” evidence from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that hydroxychloroquine prophylaxis does not reduce mortality and does not reduce hospital admission, and “moderate certainty” evidence of poor tolerability because of a significantly increased rate of adverse events leading to drug discontinuation. Yet there is no such evidence. In the three pre-exposure chemoprophylaxis RCTs evaluated in the guideline there were no deaths and only two COVID-19-related hospital admissions, and there was a mistake in the analysis of the number of discontinuations (after correction there is no longer a statistically significant difference between those taking the drug and the controls). Guidelines on the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 should be based on sufficient verified evidence, understanding of the disease process, sound statistical analysis and interpretation, and an appreciation of global needs. The WHO living guideline on the prevention of COVID-19 should retract the advice to stop research on hydroxychloroquine chemoprophylaxis, should correct its errors, and should revise its guidance.

scholarly journals The WHO guideline on drugs to prevent COVID-19: small numbers- big conclusions

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
William HK Schilling ◽  
James J Callery ◽  
Arjun Chandna ◽  
Raph L Hamers ◽  
James A Watson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
World Health ◽  
Drug Discontinuation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Poor Tolerability ◽  
Who Guideline

The World Health Organization living guideline on drugs to prevent COVID-19 has recently advised that ongoing trials evaluating hydroxychloroquine in chemoprophylaxis should stop. The WHO guideline cites “high certainty” evidence from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that hydroxychloroquine prophylaxis does not reduce mortality and does not reduce hospital admission, and “moderate certainty” evidence of poor tolerability because of a significantly increased rate of adverse events leading to drug discontinuation. Yet there is no such evidence. In the three pre-exposure chemoprophylaxis RCTs evaluated in the guideline there were no deaths and only two COVID-19-related hospital admissions, and there was a mistake in the analysis of the number of discontinuations (after correction there is no longer a statistically significant difference between those taking the drug and the controls). Guidelines on the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 should be based on sufficient verified evidence, understanding of the disease process, sound statistical analysis and interpretation, and an appreciation of global needs.

National Religious Affiliation and Integrated Model of Homicide and Suicide

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don Soo Chon
Keyword(s):  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Lethal Violence ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The World ◽  
Islamic Countries ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship

The current study assessed the relationship between national religious affiliation and lethal violence by simultaneously examining homicide and suicide rates. The information on homicide and suicide rates for 124 countries came from the World Health Organization (WHO). Regression results suggested no significant difference in lethal violence between predominantly Catholic and Protestant countries, although Islamic countries revealed significantly lower homicide, suicide, and overall lethal violence rates than non-Islamic countries. Countries with a high level of religious heterogeneity are subject to an increased suicide rate. The implications of these findings were discussed.

scholarly journals The Study of Mental Health and Mobile Phone Addiction among Adolescences

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Borale Yogesh Prabhakar ◽  
Dr. Khalane Shashikant Hari
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
World Health ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Mobile Phone Addiction ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Aim: According to the world health organization, health means the person is not only free from any physical and psychological illness but (s)he should be fit socially too as well as no health without mental health. The present study aimed to investigate the level and difference of mental health and mobile phone addiction among adolescences. Methods: This study was done on 400 adolescences (200 boy and 200girl students) through random sampling technique. Mithila Mental Health Status Inventory and mobile phone addiction were used to collect data. Data were analyzed by using Mean, S.D, t-test and f-test. Results: Result proves it there is interaction affect among gender and level of mobile phone addiction in terms of mental health as well as no significant difference in mental health among adolescence between low mobile phone addiction and average mobile phone addiction level.

scholarly journals Perception of the health-disease process: meanings and values of the Haliti-Paresí Indians

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 40262
Author(s):  
Ana Cláudia Pereira Terças ◽  
Bianca Carvalho da Graça ◽  
Josué Souza Gleriano ◽  
Vagner Ferreira do Nascimento ◽  
Thalise Yuri Hattori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Process ◽  
Well Being ◽  
World Health ◽  
Food Hygiene ◽  
Ethnographic Approach ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
The World ◽  
Data Separation ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Individual

Health is defined by the World Health Organization as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease. The present study aimed to know and reflect on the perception of the indigenous ethnicity Haliti-Paresí on the health-disease process. It is a research with a qualitative and ethnographic approach, in which data were collected in July 2015, through visits in the Wazare village and dialogue with the 34 residents, followed by the constitution of core meanings for data separation, according to their nature. The Paresí define health as the state of vitality in which there is energy to perform the basic activities, with food, hygiene and spirituality as determining factors. Negligence by the individual, climate change and higher forces establish the disease, with hantavirus being the main and most worrying. The health-disease process is based on the culture of this people, in which there is the figure of the shaman, elder or chief to reestablish the vital balance through rituals, offerings, teas and prayers, associated with Western medicine. There should be greater training of indigenous and non-indigenous professionals to provide comprehensive and effective assistance, as well as health education as a tool for disease prevention.

Community Mental Health: Description of the Patients Concerning the Uls Guarda Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health Area

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S452-S452
Author(s):  
J. Nunes ◽  
J. Feliz ◽  
D. Brigadeiro ◽  
T. Ventura Gil ◽  
A.F. Teixeita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Community Mental Health ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
World Health ◽  
Mental Health Team ◽  
Mental Problems ◽  
The World ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Health Organization

The World Health Organization (WHO, 2004) stresses the importance of home patient visiting as an answer to the epidemiologic, demographic, social and economic challenges that the world is facing.The severe psychiatric patients are a risk group and often need domicile consultation and visiting. The domicile consultation approach favors the clinical, social and familiar support as well as promotes the integration and the recovering of the patients with mental problems, preventing the relapses and the hospital admissions of these patients.This study, of descriptive nature, is based on the observation and consultation of 287 clinical processes of patients inserted in the domicile consultation program designed by the Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Sousa Martins Hospital, ULS Guarda, which covers the 7th biggest district in Portugal (in a universe of 18), between July and September 2015.The main goal of this study is to characterize and analyze the profile of the population, which is followed by the community mental health team of our Department, namely, the socio-demographic and clinic features, in order to improve the assistance practice in the future.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Does the Use of Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine in Treating Patients with Uncomplicated falciparum Malaria Reduce the Risk for Recurrent New falciparum Infection More Than Artemether-Lumefantrine?

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wisdom Akpaloo ◽  
Edward Purssell
Keyword(s):  
Disease Burden ◽  
Falciparum Infection ◽  
World Health ◽  
Combination Therapies ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Cochrane Database ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Global Disease Burden

Malaria contributes significantly to the global disease burden. The World Health Organization recommended the use of artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) for treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria a decade ago in response to problems of drug resistance. This review compared two of the ACTs—Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine (DP) and Artemether-Lumefantrine (AL) to provide evidence which one has the ability to offer superior posttreatment prophylaxis at 28 and 42 days posttreatment. Four databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Database and Global Health) were searched on June 2, 2013 and a total of seven randomized controlled trials conducted in sub-Sahara Africa were included. Results involving 2, 340 participants indicates that reduction in risk for recurrent new falciparum infections (RNIs) was 79% at day 28 in favour of DP [RR, 0.21; 95% CI: 0.14 to 0.32, P<0.001], and at day 42 was 44% favouring DP [RR, 0.56; 95% CI: 0.34 to 0.90; P=0.02]. No significant difference was seen in treatment failure rates between the two drugs at days 28 and 42. It is concluded that use of DP offers superior posttreatment prophylaxis compared to AL in the study areas. Hence DP can help reduce malaria cases in such areas more than AL.

scholarly journals Prevalence of dental caries among children of SOS children's village in Croatia

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-128
Author(s):  
Zrinka Ivanisevic ◽  
Marko Matijevic ◽  
Zvonimir Uzarevic ◽  
Djordje Petrovic ◽  
Davor Jurlina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
World Health ◽  
Dental Instruments ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Health Organization

Background/Aim. Oral health is an integral part of general health and an important factor in the overall quality of life. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of dental caries among the children from the SOS Children?s Village in Croatia. Methods. The dental examinations based on the World Health Organization criteria were performed on 88 children from SOS Children?s Village in Croatia. The teeth were clinically examined with standard dental instruments using the visual-tactile method under standard light. The clinical indexes of decayed, missed, and filled (dmft and DMFT, for primary and permantnt teeth, respectively) and decayed, missed, and filled surfaces (DMFS), as well as the significant caries index (SiC) were recorded. Results. Among the children from the SOS Children?s Village caries incidence were 57.94%. The mean dmft, DMFT and DMFS of all children was 1.82, 1.90 and 2.82, respectively. The highest mean dmft and DMFT score of 4.24 and 2.56 was found among 7?10 and 11?14 years old children, respectively. The highest mean DMFS score of 3.85 and 3.90 was found among 11?14 years old children and among the children from the SOS Children?s Village Lekenik, respectively. Among all children, the SiC index was 4.69. There was a significant difference between age groups and children?s place of residence in DMFT, DMFS and SiC. Conclusion. Prevalence of dental caries is low among the children from the SOS Children?s Village in Croatia compared to the children who lived with biological families.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Penyuluhan Terhadap Pengetahuan Sikap Perilaku Kader PKK Kelurahan Sukagalih Kota Bandung Tentang Diabetes Mellitus

SOEROPATI ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-98
Author(s):  
Audyati Gany ◽  
Kartika Suhada ◽  
Cindra Paskaria ◽  
Meilinah Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The World ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Health Organization

Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder which is a serious problem for the health of the people of Indonesia and the world, so the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and the World Health Organization (WHO) set November 14 as World Diabetes Day. The aim of the research is to increase public knowledge about Diabetes Mellitus, to behave and behave as they should in their daily lives, starting with lifestyle and patterns of food and drink intake. Counseling is carried out to PKK cadres as the spearhead who continue to the community members. The study design was a lecture accompanied by cross sectional pre and post test data collection. The results of the knowledge aspects of the study showed that there was a very significant difference between the pre and post test results (p = 0,000). The attitude aspect showed that there was no significant difference between the pre and post test results (p = 0.257), but overall the cadre's attitude regarding a healthy lifestyle to prevent Diabetes Mellitus was good enough. Behavioral aspects indicate that there are respondents who behave well, a maximum value of 3, but some are not good, a minimum value of 0. The results of blood sugar tests when showing as many as 69.57% of participants are not certain to have DM, while the rest are not DM. The conclusion is that there is a very significant increase in PKK cadre knowledge, but there has not been a significant change in attitude after attending counseling.

The Nurse’s Role in Promoting Concordance

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham Brack ◽  
Penny Franklin ◽  
Jill Caldwell
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
World Health ◽  
Patient Treatment ◽  
Biomedical Model ◽  
Consultation Process ◽  
Adherence To Medication ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Cost Implications

● To support an understanding of the theory of concordance ● Working in partnership with your patient, to relate this knowledge to the achievement of concordance in the consultation process. The NMC code states that when caring for your patient: you must work with others to protect and promote the health and wellbeing of those in your care, their families and carers, and the wider community (NMC, 2008). In the past, nurses would give medicines to patients, and the patients would usually do as they were told and take the medicine without questioning the doctor or health professional. The word used to explain this interaction in the world of medicines management is compliance. This term originates from a traditional biomedical model of care where the patient is viewed as a list of symptoms and it implies that in the act of giving medicines nurses were doing something active to treat the patient’s illness and symptoms. It also implies that the patient was receiving medicines from the nurse; the act of receiving is a passive concept whereby the patient is having something done to them. If they passively followed the instructions that they had been given and took their medicines correctly, then they would get better. The traditional biomedical model of compliance has not proved very effective in terms of patient treatment. If the patient is not given reasons why their treatment is important, or feels that they have not been involved in the decision, the common result is non-compliance. Sometimes this is intentional (the patient decides not to take their medication), and sometimes unintentional (the patient does not know what they need to take, or when). This has cost implications for the National Health Service. If prescribed drugs, often paid for by the NHS, remain unused the patient’s illness may not improve, resulting in the supply of another prescription (or other treatment) that might have been avoided if they had taken the medicine which was initially prescribed. Indeed the World Health Organization identified that less than 50% of patients adhere to their medicines’ regimens (WHO 2003). An American study identified that 33–69% of hospital admissions with ensuing expense to health care delivery are due to poor adherence to medication (Osterberg and Blaschke, 2005).

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