scholarly journals Semiotic modeling of mimicry with reference to brood parasitism

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (1/4) ◽  
pp. 349-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timo Maran
Keyword(s):  
Brood Parasitism ◽  
Formal Structure ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Research Model ◽  
Communication Analysis ◽  
Cultural Processes ◽  
Semiotic Modeling ◽  
System 2 ◽  
The Common ◽  
Ecological Relations

Biological mimicry can be considered as having a double-layered structure: there is a layer of ecological relations between species and there is a layer of semiotic relations of the sign. The present article demonstrates the limitations of triadic models and typologies of mimicry, as well as their lack of correspondence to mimicry as it actually occurs in nature. It is argued that more dynamical semiotic tools are needed to describe mimicry in a theoretically coherent way that would at the same time allow comparative approach to various mimicry cases. For this a five-stage model of analysis is proposed, which incorporates classical mimicry theory, Jakob von Uexküll’s Umwelt-theory, as well as semiotic and communication analysis. This research model can be expressed in the form of five questions: 1) What is the formal structure of mimicry system? 2) What are the perceptual and effectual correspondences between the participants of mimicry? 3) What are the characteristics of resemblances? 4) How is the mimicry system regulated in ontogenetic and evolutionary processes? 5) How is the mimicry system related to human cultural processes? As a practical example of this semiotic methodology, brood parasitism between the common cuckoo Cuculus canorus and his frequent host species is examined.

The First Global Environmental Problem

2018 ◽  
pp. 38-54
Author(s):  
Hannah Holleman
Keyword(s):  
Arid Region ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Dust Bowl ◽  
Colonial Expansion ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Humid Region ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common ◽  
Ecological Relations ◽  
Economic Developments

This chapter challenges typical interpretations of the Dust Bowl and puts the disaster into a global frame, linking the past to the present. In so doing, the common roots of contemporary and past developments and struggles are revealed. The Dust Bowl was one spectacular instance of a global problem of soil erosion associated with capitalist colonial expansion. While the official interpretation suggests that agriculture suited for a humid region was imported to an arid region, precipitating the crisis, contemporaneous accounts illustrate how much larger the crisis was, tied up with specific social and economic developments that imposed new socio-ecological relations upon peoples of the world and upon the land irrespective of local climatic conditions. Ultimately, the common denominators across the world—from North to South America, Australia to Africa, and Southeast to East Asia—were not climate and geography, but capitalism and colonialism.

scholarly journals Analysis of Protection of Major Witness in Corruption Eradication Cases

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 78-88
Author(s):  
Ismaidar .
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Legal Aspect ◽  
National Development ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Corruption Case ◽  
System 2 ◽  
The Common ◽  
Research Type

Corruption has become massive societal phenomenon that has been regarded as extraordinary crimes threatening Indonesian economy and impeding national development. All societal elements expect that it will not be unresolved problems. Until recently, criminal law policy in its attempt to eradicate corruption has more put emphasis on the perpetrator. Such policy on witness protection, in the criminal case of corruption, needs to be optimized because it can be an alternative legal instrument in the attempt to eradicate corruption. Law-enforcement authorities face difficulties in unfolding a corruption case because it is often well systematically planned. In many cases, witnesses are reluctant to report a corruption case because of threat, intimidation, and criminalization posed to them. Problems are (1) How is the regulation of witness protection act and the corruption eradication in Indonesia? (2) How is the urgency of witness protection in the criminal cases of corruption eradication? (3) How is criminal law policy on witness protection to facilitate the corruption eradication in Indonesia? This research employs normative juridical approach with the descriptive research type. Findings show that(1) the development of witness protection act in the corruption case is highly relate to the witness stand on the criminal justice system; (2) the urgency of witness protection in the corruption eradication process is highly related to the common occurrence of intimidation and threat toward the witnesses. It indicate that the witness and victim protection is an important and urgent legal aspect; (3) criminal law policy in the corruption eradication process put more emphasis on the perpetrators and less concern on the witnesses involved in legal investigation. It is necessary to optimize the role of LPSK in criminal law policy including in giving the protection to witness in the case of corruption eradication; therefore, it is important to conduct legal update on the witness protection act in the case of corruption eradication process. Keywords: Witness Protection, Corruption Eradication, Criminal Law Policy.

scholarly journals Argumentation, rationality, and psychology of reasoning

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 135 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Godden
Keyword(s):  
Dual Process ◽  
Cognitive Capacities ◽  
Psychological States ◽  
Psychology Of Reasoning ◽  
Process Theories ◽  
System 2 ◽  
The Common ◽  
Dual Process Theories ◽  
The Relationship

This paper explicates an account of argumentative rationality by articulating the common, basic idea of its nature, and then identifying a collection of assumptions inherent in it. Argumentative rationality is then contrasted with dual-process theories of reasoning and rationality prevalent in the psychology of reasoning. It is argued that argumentative rationality properly corresponds only with system-2 reasoning in dual-process theories. This result challenges the prescriptive force of argumentative norms derives if they derive at all from their descriptive accuracy of our cognitive capacities. In response, I propose an activity-based account of reasoning which retains the assumptions of argumentative rationality while recontextualizing the relationship between reasoning as a justificatory activity and the psychological states and processes underlying that activity.

Phases of Transformation

2019 ◽  
pp. 585-590
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Merkel ◽  
Lea Heyne
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Common Good ◽  
System Change ◽  
Military Conflict ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
System 2 ◽  
The Common ◽  
Consolidated Democracy ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
External Forces

This chapter examines system change: the interval between an autocratic system and a new consolidated democracy. This transformation can be differentiated in to three phases: (1) the end of the autocratic system, (2) the institutionalization of democracy, and (3) the consolidation of democracy. The end of an autocratic system can be caused by internal legitimacy crises as well as external forces like military conflict, and follows different courses. During the institutionalization of democracy, political actors need to manage to establish institutions and norms that maintain a balance between particular interests and the common good in order to prevent a backslide into autocracy. The consolidation of democracy starts with the adaptation of a new constitution, and takes place on four levels: (a) constitutional consolidation, (b) representative consolidation, (c) behavioural consolidation, and (d) the consolidation of civil society. A democracy consolidated on all four levels has considerable reserves of resistance to meet exogenous destabilization shocks.

scholarly journals CLINICOMICROBIOLOGICAL STUDY OF INFECTIONS CAUSED BY ACINETOBACTER SPECIES

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 223
Author(s):  
Sevitha Bhat ◽  
Sridevi Shridhar
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Invasive Procedure ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Acinetobacter Species ◽  
System 2 ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp ◽  
Common Risk Factors ◽  
The Common

To study the rate of isolation of Acinetobacter species, its antibiogram and associated risk factors.Materials and Methods:Retrospective time bound study for a period of 6 months. The study included 191 consecutive clinical significant isolates of Acinetobacter species isolated from various specimens. The identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing by modified Kirby Bauer and Vitek Compact system 2.Results and Discussion:Maximum isolation of Acinetobacter species was from Suction Tip (31.94%), sputum (19.89%), urine (14.66%), blood (10.47%) and others. The species was most sensitive to Colistin (97.87%) and Polymixin B (99.43%). The species was most resistant to Imipenem (72.62%) and Gentamicin (66.66%). The common risk factors were invasive procedure, duration of ICU stay and malignancies.Conclusion:Acinetobacter has emerged as a major nosocomial pathogen. Antibiotic resistance is on rise. Proper antibiotic stewardship is required. This study will help in better infection control strategies and improve antibiotic resistance pattern in this region.Key words :Acinetobacter spp., Antibiotic resistance

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document