scholarly journals CLINICOMICROBIOLOGICAL STUDY OF INFECTIONS CAUSED BY ACINETOBACTER SPECIES

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 223
Author(s):  
Sevitha Bhat ◽  
Sridevi Shridhar
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Invasive Procedure ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Acinetobacter Species ◽  
System 2 ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp ◽  
Common Risk Factors ◽  
The Common

To study the rate of isolation of Acinetobacter species, its antibiogram and associated risk factors.Materials and Methods:Retrospective time bound study for a period of 6 months. The study included 191 consecutive clinical significant isolates of Acinetobacter species isolated from various specimens. The identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing by modified Kirby Bauer and Vitek Compact system 2.Results and Discussion:Maximum isolation of Acinetobacter species was from Suction Tip (31.94%), sputum (19.89%), urine (14.66%), blood (10.47%) and others. The species was most sensitive to Colistin (97.87%) and Polymixin B (99.43%). The species was most resistant to Imipenem (72.62%) and Gentamicin (66.66%). The common risk factors were invasive procedure, duration of ICU stay and malignancies.Conclusion:Acinetobacter has emerged as a major nosocomial pathogen. Antibiotic resistance is on rise. Proper antibiotic stewardship is required. This study will help in better infection control strategies and improve antibiotic resistance pattern in this region.Key words :Acinetobacter spp., Antibiotic resistance

The Characterization of Antibiotic Resistance of Bacterial Isolates from Intensive Care Unit Patient Samples in a University Affiliated Hospital in Romania

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 1778-1783
Author(s):  
Andreea-Loredana Golli ◽  
Floarea Mimi Nitu ◽  
Maria Balasoiu ◽  
Marina Alina Lungu ◽  
Cristiana Cerasella Dragomirescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Klebsiella Spp

To determine the resistance pattern of bacterial pathogens involved in infections of the patients aged between 18-64 years, admitted in a ICU from a 1518-bed university-affiliated hospital. A retrospective study of bacterial pathogens was carried out on 351 patients aged between 18-64 years admitted to the ICU, from January to December 2017. In this study there were analysed 469 samples from 351 patients (18-64 years). A total of 566 bacterial isolates were obtained, of which 120 strains of Klebsiella spp. (35.39%%), followed by Nonfermenting Gram negative bacilli, other than Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter (NFB) (75- 22.12%), Acinetobacter spp. (53 - 15.63%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus (51 - 15.04%), and Escherichia coli (49 - 14.45%). The most common isolates were from respiratory tract (394 isolates � 69.61%). High rates of MDR were found for Pseudomonas aeruginosa (64.70%), MRSA (62.65%) and Klebsiella spp. (53.33%), while almost all of the isolated NFB strains were MDR (97.33%). There was statistic difference between the drug resistance rate of Klebsiella and E. coli strains to ceftazidime and ceftriaxone (p[0.001), cefuroxime (p[0.01) and to cefepime (p[0.01). The study revealed an alarming pattern of antibiotic resistance in the majority of ICU isolates.

Molecular characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Clostridium difficile strains isolated from hospitals in south-east Scotland

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 921-929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esvet Mutlu ◽  
Allison J. Wroe ◽  
Karla Sanchez-Hurtado ◽  
Jon S. Brazier ◽  
Ian R. Poxton
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Restriction Analysis ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Binary Toxin ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
The Common ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

Clostridium difficile isolates (n=149) collected in south-east Scotland between August and October 2005 were typed by four different methods and their susceptibility to seven different antibiotics was determined. The aims were to define the types of strain occurring in this region and to determine whether there were any clonal relationships among them with respect to genotype and antibiotic resistance pattern. Ribotyping revealed that 001 was the most common type (n=113, 75.8 %), followed by ribotype 106 (12 isolates, 8.1 %). The majority of the isolates (96.6 %, n=144) were of toxinotype 0, with two toxinotype V isolates and single isolates of toxinotypes I, IV and XIII. PCR and restriction analysis of the fliC gene from 147 isolates gave two restriction patterns: 145 of pattern VII and two of pattern I. Binary toxin genes were detected in only three isolates: two isolates of ribotype 126, toxinotype V, and one isolate of ribotype 023, toxinotype IV. S-types showed more variation, with 64.5 % (n=40) of the common S-type (4939) and 21 % (n=13) of S-type 4741, with six other S-types (one to three isolates each). All ribotype 001 isolates were of the same S-type (4939), with three isolates of other ribotypes being this S-type. No resistance was found to metronidazole or vancomycin, with resistance to tetracycline only found in 4.3 % of the isolates. A high proportion of isolates were resistant to clindamycin (62.9 %), moxifloxacin, ceftriaxone (both 87.1 %) and erythromycin (94.8 %). Resistance to three antibiotics (erythromycin, clindamycin and ceftriaxone) was seen in 66 isolates, with erythromycin, ceftriaxone and moxifloxacin resistance seen in 96 isolates. Resistance to all four of these antibiotics was found in 62 isolates and resistance to five (the above plus tetracycline) in one isolate: a ribotype 001, toxinotype 0 strain. Whilst ribotype 001 was the most commonly encountered type, there was no evidence of clonal relationships when all other typing and antibiotic resistance patterns were taken into account.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial susceptibility, plasmid profiles, and RAPD-PCR typing of Acinetobacter bacteria

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 901-911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nourkhoda Sadeghifard ◽  
Reza Ranjbar ◽  
Javad Zaeimi ◽  
Mohammad Yousef Alikhani ◽  
Sobhan Ghafouryan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Acinetobacter Species ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Plasmid Profiles ◽  
Rapd Pcr ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp

Abstract Background: Multiple-drug resistant Acinetobacter have widely spread in the last decades imposing a serious nosocomial source of infection. Nevertheless, little knowledge was gaimed on tracing the development of antibiotic resistance in Acinetobacter species. Objectives: Explore Acinetobacter spp. via antimicrobial susceptibility, plasmid profiles, and random amplified polymorphism DNA polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) typing. Methods: One hundred twelve Acinetobacter isolates (including 66 A. baumannii and 46 non-Acinetobacter baumannii strains) were obtained from three university hospitals. The source of infection of these isolates included blood, urine, wound, and respiratory tract. Their susceptibilities to 17 antibiotics were tested and then all Acinetobacter isolates were typed by plasmid analysis and RAPD-PCR method. Results: A. baumannii isolates revealed nine different patterns of antibiotic resistance. Of those, non- A. baumannii, were associated with plasmid and RAPD-PCR typings (p <0.05). A. baumannii was more resistant to multiple antibiotics than non-A. baumannii (p <0.05). Seven different plasmid profiles were observed among 112 Acinetobacter isolates. Plasmids were found in 107 (95.5%) of the 112 isolates. Unlike in RAPD-PCR typing, there was no difference between the type of Acinetobacter, A. or non-A. baumannii strains and plasmid profiles (p >0.05). By RAPD-PCR, six profiles were found for each A. and non-A. baumannii strains. The pattern 6 was the most common pattern among the isolates. Both plasmid and RAPD-PCR typing showed no association between plasmid profiling and site of infection (p >0.05). Conclusion: There is a wide spread of multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter spp., particularly A. baumannii, in the Middle East region that can be traced efficiently by plasmid and genotyping typing of Acinetobacter. More care should be taken for tracing the development of antimicrobial resistance of Acinetobacter using precise molecular typing techniques.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial resistance pattern of Acinetobacter; a multicenter study, comparing European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) and the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI); evaluation of susceptibility testing methods for polymyxin

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. e04-e04
Author(s):  
Shirin Afhami ◽  
Mohammad Ali Borumand ◽  
Negin Esmailpour Bazzaz ◽  
Hiva Saffar ◽  
Azar Hadadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Clinical Specimen ◽  
Kappa Coefficient ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Acinetobacter Species ◽  
European Committee ◽  
Kappa Agreement

Introduction: Acinetobacter species in clinical isolates cause severe infections including meningitis, bloodstream infection, ventilator-associated pneumonia, and surgical site infections. Objectives: In the present study, we evaluated Acinetobacter drug resistance using both European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) and the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) antimicrobial susceptibility test methods. Materials and Methods: Clinical specimens of 128 patients who were admitted in three referral tertiary care teaching hospitals were enrolled in 2014. Blood and other sterile fluid samples, endotracheal secretion, ulcer, urine and other clinical specimen cultures were included, and microbial resistance of Acinetobacter isolates was determined and compared with disk diffusion and E-test antimicrobial susceptibility methods, using both the EUCAST and CLSI standards. Cohen’s kappa coefficient was also reported. Results: The highest percentage of resistance (96.9%) was found for meropenem and imipenem antimicrobials, and the lowest resistance (82.8%) was found for amikacin. The highest kappa agreement coefficient was for ciprofloxacin (kappa coefficient = 0.783), and the lowest kappa was for amikacin (kappa coefficient = 0.21). Conclusion: According to the results, it is better to consider amikacin as a choice in combination with another effective antimicrobial for treatment of drug resistant Acinetobacter.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing, Plasmid Detection and Curing of Clinically Isolated Enterococcus Species

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. C. Ezeah ◽  
M. C. Ugwu ◽  
A. O. Ekundayo ◽  
O. F. Odo ◽  
O. C. Ike ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Plasmid Dna ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Enterococcus Species ◽  
Transfer Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Profile ◽  
Agarose Electrophoresis

Vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) are a major medical concern globally. Their significantly greater prevalence and the ability to transfer resistance to vancomycin from other bacteria made them an object of interest and intense research. The isolates of Enterococcus sp. were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing before curing. The three Enterococcus species exhibited different antibiotic resistance profile. Pre-curing antibiotic resistance of nosocomial isolates compared with community acquired isolates revealed that high percentage of the nosocomial isolates were resistant to antibiotics compared to community isolate. Post-curing antibiograms of the isolates showed different resistant and susceptibility pattern. Also, DNA plasmid pre-curing and post curing analysis of the isolates showed different resistance pattern. Six of the 15 representative isolates selected on the basis of their high pre-curing antibiotic resistance for plasmid analysis with 0.8% agarose electrophoresis were positive for plasmid DNA. Four (4) of the positive isolates (E. faecium, E. faecium, E. faecalis, and E. avium) had plasmid fragment of greater than 1000 bp while two (2) of them (E. faecalis and E. faecalis) had fragments of between 100 and 500 bp. The remaining nine (9) had no plasmid DNA. The study revealed the pathogenicity factors demonstrated with the enterococcal isolates.

Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella on Commercial Dairies Utilizing a Single Heifer Raising Facility†

2008 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
TOM S. EDRINGTON ◽  
TODD R. CALLAWAY ◽  
ROBIN C. ANDERSON ◽  
DAVID J. NISBET
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Brilliant Green ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Lactating Cows

The objectives of the current research were twofold: (i) to determine the prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella in the various classes of dairy cattle and (ii) to determine if comingling of calves from multiple farms at a heifer feedlot serves as a transmission vector for Salmonella back to the dairy farm. Four large commercial dairies in the southwestern United States were sampled in October 2005 and again in March 2006. Fecal samples were collected from hutch calves, 12-and 24-month-old heifers, lactating cows, dry cows, and cattle in the sick-fresh pen and cultured with brilliant green agar supplemented with novobiocin (BGAnov) to estimate the overall Salmonella prevalence, or with tetracycline (BGAtet) to estimate MDR Salmonella. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted with the National Antibiotic Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) testing panel, and a portion of the isolates were serotyped. Salmonella prevalence among groups ranged from 0 to 96% positive, with the highest incidence observed in the hutch calves and cattle in the sick-fresh pen. Twenty-eight different serotypes were identified with serotype Reading accounting for the majority of isolates cultured on BGAtet. Nearly all (100 of 103) isolates cultured on BGAnov and screened for antibiotic resistance were pan susceptible, whereas over one-half (64%) of the isolates cultured on BGAtet were MDR. Forty isolates displayed the ACSSuT resistance pattern, and 36 isolates displayed the MDR-AmpC pattern of the 72 isolates examined following culture on BGAtet. The incidence of Salmonella cultured on BGAtet was low (9%) in all heifers and only one MDR isolate was cultured (from a 12-month-old heifer), suggesting the risk of transmission of Salmonella from the heifer feedlot back to the dairy is low. Results of this research suggest the incidence of MDR Salmonella, found primarily in hutch calves and cattle in the sick-fresh pen, is low in comparison to the overall Salmonella prevalence.

scholarly journals A 5-year surveillance on antimicrobial resistance of Acinetobacter isolates at a level-I trauma centre of India

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 034-038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minu Kumari ◽  
Priyam Batra ◽  
Rajesh Malhotra ◽  
Purva Mathur
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Hospital Infection Control ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp ◽  
Vitek 2

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Acinetobacter spp. has emerged as a major cause of nosocomial outbreaks. Multiple antibiotic resistance is an important problem in Acinetobacter isolates in recent years. The aim of this study was to evaluate the rate of antimicrobial resistance and changes in resistance pattern over a period of 5 years (2012–2016) in Acinetobacter spp. isolated from trauma patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Acinetobacter spp. was identified by VITEK 2 and antibiotic susceptibility of isolates was investigated by disc-diffusion method and VITEK 2 automated system. Interpretation of susceptibility results was based on the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. RESULTS: Out of the total 16,210 isolates obtained throughout the period of 5 years, Acinetobacter spp. accounted for 3744 (28.9%). Out of which, the species which was maximally isolated was Acinetobacter baumannii (98.5%), followed by Acinetobacter lwoffii (1.4%) and Acinetobacter hemolyticus (0.1%). The highest number of clinical isolates of Acinetobacter were recovered from neurosurgical ward (n = 1210), followed by the neurosurgical intensive care unit (ICU) (n = 1000) and surgical ICU (n = 948) and the most common sample of Acinetobacter isolation was from tracheal aspirate (37.1%), followed by wound swab (18.8%). The highest level of resistance was observed against ciprofloxacin (96%), followed by cefepime (95%), ceftazidime (95%), piperacillin (95%), and amikacin (92%). The trend of antibiotic resistance was found to be statistically significant (P < 0.001) for most of the antibiotics being tested such as amikacin and carbapenems. CONCLUSION: The high rate of antibiotic resistance of the Acinetobacter strains indicated that there is an urgent need for controlled antibiotic usage and appliance of hospital infection control measures.

scholarly journals Isolation of Acinetobacter species and their antimicrobial resistance pattern in a tertiary care hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-21
Author(s):  
Jannatul Ferdous ◽  
Mohammad Murshed ◽  
Sabeena Shahnaz ◽  
Syeda Sharmin Duza ◽  
Prothoma Rahman Siddique
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Tracheal Aspirate ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Acinetobacter Species ◽  
Medical College

Acinetobacter species are important opportunistic and nosocomial pathogens capable of causing both community and health careassociated infections (HAIs). The clinical specimens obtained from patients admitted in Holy Family Red Crescent Medical College and Hospital (HFRCMCH) from July 2013 to June 2015. All laboratory works were performed in department of microbiology and immunology of HFRCMCH. The infection rate was maximum in blood (67.7%) followed by urine (12.9%), tracheal aspirate (8.8%) and wound swab (3.32%). Most of the Acinetobacter were isolated from Intensive care unit (ICU) and Neonatal intensive care unit ( NICU). Acinetobacter displayed higher resistance to many antibiotics like Ampicillin which showed 96% resistance, Ceftriaxone 72%, Amikacin 72%, Imipenem 55%, Meropenem 60%, Tetraclycline 64%, Ciprofloxacin 60% and Cotrimoxazole showed 38% resistance. In conclusion, there was a high resistant rate to available and common antibiotics. It seems that infection control strategies may help to control the evolving problem of Acinetobacter infections and prevent an epidemic nosocomial life threatening infections.Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2016; 10 (1): 18-21

scholarly journals Helicobacter pylori infection is an infectious disease and the empiric therapy paradigm should be changed

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Li ◽  
Tiankuo Yang ◽  
Hong Tang ◽  
Xiaoqiong Tang ◽  
Yalin Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Empiric Therapy ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori Infection ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Treatment Paradigm ◽  
H Pylori

Abstract Helicobacter pylori infection is an infectious disease. Given the alarmingly high antibiotic resistance in H. pylori, gastroenterologists should change the empiric H. pylori treatment paradigm to an antimicrobial susceptibility testing-guided precision treatment. Antimicrobial stewardship programs for H. pylori should be implemented locally, regionally, and nationally to monitor the antibiotic resistance pattern.

scholarly journals ACINETOBACTER SPECIES

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 1949-1953
Author(s):  
Aneela Khawaja ◽  
Faiqa Arshad ◽  
Sadaf Aleem
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Acinetobacter Species ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp

Introduction: The genetic competencies of bacteria and the resistance have been impeding the usefulness of antibiotic therapy. There has been an alarming increase in the infections caused by Acinetobacter spp. especially the multidrug resistance pattern has narrowed the therapeutic ranges. Objectives: To determine the prevalence and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of Acinetobacter spp., among clinical specimens of tertiary care hospital.Study Design: Descriptive study. Place & Duration of Study: Pathology Department, PGMI, from January 2015 to December 2015. Materials & Methods: Total 8465 clinical specimens were inoculated. Acinetobacter spp. was identified and isolated by the preliminary microbiological and biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was implemented by modified Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method as per CLSI guidelines (2015). Results: Acinetobacter spp. isolated in 234 (7.29%) clinical specimens among 3208 (37.89%) culture positive isolates. Out of total 234 Acinetobacter spp. isolates 144 (61.54%) were recovered from male patients and 90 (38.46%) from female patients. the frequency of Acinetobacter spp. isolates was seen highest in CSF (23.07%) and lowest in HVS (5.52%) specimens. Maximum samples were recovered from surgical wards 85 (36.32%), while from pediatrics department only 20 (8.54%) samples. Only, 140 (59.82%) isolates were sensitive to tigecycline; while 216 isolates were (92.30%) resistant to salbactam. Conclusion: The progressively increasing threat of Acinetobacter resistant infections can be minimized by judicial use of antibiotics, and implementation of strict infection control policy in health care settings.

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