scholarly journals The Key Steps toward Automation of the Fixture Planning and Design

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Planning And Design ◽  
Fixture Planning ◽  
Key Steps

Reflections on the Cognitive Interviewing Reporting Framework

Methodology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 123-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon Willis ◽  
Hennie Boeije
Keyword(s):  
Research Design ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
Level Of Detail ◽  
Cognitive Interviewing ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Reporting Framework ◽  
Full Explanation ◽  
Key Steps

Based on the experiences of three research groups using and evaluating the Cognitive Interviewing Reporting Framework (CIRF), we draw conclusions about the utility of the CIRF as a guide to creating cognitive testing reports. Authors generally found the CIRF checklist to be usable, and that it led to a more complete description of key steps involved. However, despite the explicit direction by the CIRF to include a full explanation of major steps and features (e.g., research objectives and research design), the three cognitive testing reports tended to simply state what was done, without further justification. Authors varied in their judgments concerning whether the CIRF requires the appropriate level of detail. Overall, we believe that current cognitive interviewing practice will benefit from including, within cognitive testing reports, the 10 categories of information specified by the CIRF. Future use of the CIRF may serve to direct the overall research project from the start, and to further the goal of evaluation of specific cognitive interviewing procedures.

Intelligent Lighting Control System in Large-Scale Sports Competition Venues

2018 ◽  
pp. 172-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengmin CAO
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Lighting Control ◽  
Sports Events ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation Model

This paper mainly studies the application of intelligent lighting control system in different sports events in large sports competition venues. We take the Xiantao Stadium, a large­scale sports competition venue in Zaozhuang City, Shandong Province as an example, to study its intelligent lighting control system. In this paper, the PID (proportion – integral – derivative) incremental control model and the Karatsuba multiplication model are used, and the intelligent lighting control system is designed and implemented by multi­level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model. Finally, the paper evaluates the actual effect of the intelligent lighting control system. The research shows that the intelligent lighting control system designed in this paper can accurately control the lighting of different sports in large stadiums. The research in this paper has important practical significance for the planning and design of large­scale sports competition venues.

The development of alternative energy sources: Prospects in Russia and the world

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 885-904
Author(s):  
M.E. Frai
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Energy Complex ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Governmental Institutions ◽  
Key Steps

Subject. The article discusses limited sources of energy nowadays and an ongoing survey of new ones. I focus on fuel and energy complexes worldwide and in Russia. Objectives. The study is to analyze the future use of alternative energy sources in the fuel and energy complex nationwide and worldwide. I review the existing energy sources of the fuel and energy complex in the global and regional markets, specifically the alternative ones. Methods. The study relies upon methods of statistics, analysis and systems approach. Results. The article demonstrates that the fuel and energy complex strongly depends on the current situation in the energy resource market, which is difficult to forecast. If we continue relying on traditional energy resources, we get exposed to some risks affecting the sustainable development of the economy. Russia should diversify the power engineering sector by developing alternative energy sources. The article sets forth the economic rationale for alternative sources and key steps Russia shall make. Conclusions and Relevance. Considering the current situation in the energy balance, alternative energy is what any advanced society seeks for, being supported by manufacturers, governmental institutions, and researchers, though low profitability and high infrastructure costs impede its development. In Russia, these challenges are even more palpable. However, even now Russia is able to find alternative energy solutions. In addition to advantages of alternative energy, which is globally proclaimed, they will also help Russia diversify and update the economic system.

CO2 Activation on Heterostructures of Bi2O3-Nanocluster Modified TiO2: Promoting the Critical First Step in CO2 Conversion

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Nolan
Keyword(s):  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Difficult Problem ◽  
Carbonate Formation ◽  
Structural Distortions ◽  
Strong Adsorption ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Key Steps ◽  
Recent Experimental Work

The conversion of CO<sub>2</sub> to fuels is of significant importance in enabling the production of sustainable fuels, contributing to alleviating greenhouse gas emissions. While there are a number of key steps required to convert CO<sub>2</sub>, the initial step of adsorption and activation by the catalyst is critical. Well-known metal oxides such as oxidised TiO<sub>2</sub> or CeO<sub>2</sub> are unable to promote this step. In addressing this difficult problem, recent experimental work shows the potential for bismuth-containing materials to activate and convert CO<sub>2</sub>, but the origin of this activity is not yet clear. Additionally, nanostructures can show enhanced activity towards CO<sub>2</sub>. In this paper we present density functional theory (DFT) simulations of CO<sub>2</sub> activation on heterostructured materials composed of extended rutile and anatase TiO<sub>2</sub> surfaces modified with nanoclusters with Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> stoichiometry. These heterostructures show low coordinated Bi sites in the nanoclusters and a valence band edge that is dominated by Bi-O states. These two factors mean that supported Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanoclusters are able to adsorb and activate CO<sub>2</sub>. Computed adsorption energies lie in the range of -0.54 eV to -1.01 eV. In these strong adsorption modes, CO<sub>2</sub> is activated, in which the molecule bends giving O-C-O angles of 126 - 130<sup>o</sup> and elongation of C-O distances up to 1.28 Å, with no carbonate formation. The electronic properties show a strong CO<sub>2</sub>-Bi-oxygen interaction that drives the interaction of CO<sub>2</sub> to induce the structural distortions. Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-TiO<sub>2</sub> heterostructures can be reduced to form Bi<sup>2+</sup> and Ti<sup>3+</sup> species. The interaction of CO<sub>2</sub> with this electron-rich, reduced system can produce CO directly, reoxidising the heterostructure or form an activated carboxyl species (CO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>) through electron transfer from the heterostructure to CO<sub>2</sub>. These results highlight that a semiconducting metal oxide modified with suitable metal oxide nanoclusters can activate CO<sub>2</sub>, thus overcoming the difficulties associated with the difficult first step in CO<sub>2</sub> conversion.

HERITAGE IN THE LIVED ENVIRONMENT OF THE UNITED ARAB EMIRATES AND THE GULF REGION

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph John Hobbs
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Social Sustainability ◽  
Gulf Region ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
Spatial Features ◽  
Gulf Countries ◽  
The Social ◽  
Islamic Values

This paper examines how the architectural, social, and cultural heritage of the United Arab Emirates and other Gulf countries may contribute to better development of this region’s lived environment. Modern urbanism has largely neglected heritage in architectural design and in social and private spaces, creating inauthentic places that foster a hunger for belongingness in the UAE’s built environment. The paper reviews recent urban developments in the UAE and the Gulf Region, and identifies elements of local heritage that can be incorporated into contemporary planning and design. It proposes that adapting vernacular architectural heritage to the modern built environment should not be the principal goal for heritage-informed design. Instead we may examine the social processes underlying the traditional lived environment, and aim for social sustainability based on the lifeways and preferences of local peoples, especially in kinship and Islamic values. Among the most promising precedents for modern social sustainability are social and spatial features at the scale of the neighborhood in traditional Islamic settlements. Interviews with local Emiratis will also recommend elements of traditional knowledge to modern settings. 

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