scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF RECREATION IMPACT ON COMPONENTS OF FOREST PHYTOCENOSIS OF PURE 62-YEAR-OLD PLANTATIONS OF SCOTCH PINE

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Тырченкова ◽  
Irina Tyrchenkova
Keyword(s):  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Scotch Pine ◽  
Protective Function ◽  
Black Alder ◽  
Pyrus Communis L ◽  
Recreational Impacts ◽  
Additional Costs ◽  
Single Medium ◽  
Meadow Species

Under the influence of recreational impacts on plantings, their protective function, sustainability, aesthetics and natural appeal reduce. The objects of study are artificial pine plantations of 62 years of age, of different stages of digression (TLU-A2) on the sites of Somovskoe forestry of the Voronezh region. The paper explored the influence of recreational impacts on different components of forest phytocenosis. As it increases, the number of trees of the 1st category state ("no signs of weakening") significantly reduces and the number of trees 5-th and 6-th categories of the state ("fresh and old deadwood deadwood") increases. With the increase of anthropogenic influence the amount podletochnyh species, forest species of ground cover decreases and the number of weed and meadow species increases. Quickbeam (Sorbus aucuparia L) is the most resistant to recreational impact, volatile species are black alder (Frángula álnus, Mill) and wild pear tree (Pýrus commūnis, - L). With increasing stage of digression, the amount of trustworthy undergrowth of Scotch pine is reduced, the amount of questionable and unreliable undergrowth increases. The basis of natural regeneration in the forest plantations of Scots pine of 62 years of age is, in stage I of digression, single (46 %) and group (27 %) undergrowth of different age, located in the glade; its share is 49 % and 20 % respectively in stage II of digression; in stage III – single, medium, and large undergrowth (12%) in glades. Natural regeneration of tree species in trampled areas will not be able to ensure the restoration of forests and would require additional costs of afforestation in the future.

scholarly journals Natural Regeneration of the Tree Stand in the Bilberry Spruce Forest—Clear-Cutting Ecotone Complex in the First Post-Logging Decade

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1542
Author(s):  
Nadezhda V. Genikova ◽  
Viktor N. Mamontov ◽  
Alexander M. Kryshen ◽  
Vladimir A. Kharitonov ◽  
Sergey A. Moshnikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Clear Cutting

Bilberry spruce forests are the most widespread forest type in the European boreal zone. Limiting the clear-cuttings size leads to fragmentation of forest cover and the appearance of large areas of ecotone complexes, composed of forest (F), a transition from forest to the cut-over site under tree canopy (FE), a transition from forest to the cut-over site beyond tree canopy (CE), and the actual clear-cut site (C). Natural regeneration of woody species (spruce, birch, rowan) in the bilberry spruce stand—clear-cut ecotone complex was studied during the first decade after logging. The effects produced by the time since cutting, forest edge aspect, and the ground cover on the emergence and growth of trees and shrubs under forest canopy and openly in the clear-cut were investigated. Estimating the amount and size of different species in the regeneration showed FE and CE width to be 8 m—roughly half the height of first-story trees. Typical forest conditions (F) feature a relatively small amount of regenerating spruce and birch. The most favorable conditions for natural regeneration of spruce in the clear-cut—mature bilberry spruce stand ecotone are at the forest edge in areas of transition both towards the forest and towards the clear-cut (FE and CE). Clear-cut areas farther from the forest edge (C) offer an advantage to regenerating birch, which grows densely and actively in this area.

Forest regeneration in northeastern Poland following a catastrophic blowdown

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 1172-1182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Dobrowolska
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Species Structure ◽  
Tree Vitality

The aims of the investigation were to (i) quantify the changes in natural regeneration and stand structure, (ii) determine the role of deadwood in the process of regeneration following the disturbance, and (iii) determine the effect of disturbance severity on tree recruitment. The study was conducted in the Szast Protected Forest, which was established after a blowdown in 2002. The results showed that the trees were mainly wind-snapped. The basal area of the slightly disturbed stands increased over time. Herb cover increased, whereas moss cover decreased in 2011. The disturbance severity influenced the density of tree species regeneration, moss and herb ground cover, species diversity, average tree height, tree vitality, and damage caused by herbivores. The density of natural regeneration increased and new species became established after the disturbance. Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) was the dominant tree species during the regeneration process except in the severely disturbed stand from which wood had been removed; in this case, birch was the dominant species. Wind disturbance increased species diversity and created a new forest with a particular species structure and trees that varied in age and height. The results of this study will be useful for foresters and policymakers to change the existing approaches to large-scale disturbances in the Polish forests.

Natural Regeneration of Ground Storey Vegetation in a Semi-Arid Woodland Following Mechanical Disturbance and Burning. 1. Ground Cover Levels and Composition.

1995 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 46 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Walker ◽  
TB Koen
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Natural Gas Pipeline ◽  
Total Cover ◽  
Mechanical Disturbance ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Disturbed Areas ◽  
Rainfall Seasonality ◽  
Semi Arid

A study was made over a period of 12 years of the natural regeneration of vegetation along a corridor corridor cleared for the construction of a natural gas pipeline in a semi-arid woodland in central- western New South Wales. Total cover, proportion of grasses, and species composition were assessed on the infilled trench and on areas from which topsoil had been bladed, as well as on adjacent undisturbed areas and areas burned by a wildfire. All areas were grazed continuously by sheep under normal station management, and by native animals. After four years of about average rainfall, total cover on disturbed areas had regained levels as high or higher than on adjacent areas, and was maintained thereafter. On many individual sites this period was as short as eighteen months. The proportion of grasses remained much lower on disturbed areas, except for some periods of annual grass dominance. Species composition remained very different between disturbed and undisturbed areas, the main difference being in perennial species. However, composition also varied markedly between years, according to rainfall seasonality and competition from previously established plants. Little difference was apparent between undisturbed areas and similar areas which had burned twelve months before the first measurements. Mechanical disturbance caused by trenching and blading had a much greater effect on vegetation than did fire, and the effects were still obvious after twelve years.

Comparison of Ground Cover Plants during Establishment of Cocoa on Clear-Felled Land in Ghana

1968 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-86
Author(s):  
A. A. Opoku ◽  
D. Jordan
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Tithonia Diversifolia ◽  
Cassia Tora ◽  
Indigofera Spicata

SummaryCocoa was used as a test crop to compare the use of nine plant species and natural regeneration as ground covers in plantations. The nine species were Tephrosia hookeriana and villosa mixtures, Indigofera sumatrana, Flemingia congesta, Desmodium asperum, Cassia tora, Indigofera spicata, Crotalaria longithyrsa, Mimosa invisa, and Tithonia diversifolia. F. congesta and T. diversifolia gave the best and most persistent ground cover. Significant differences appeared in the effects of the covers on cocoa jorquetting, heights of jorquette, stem diameter and yields. T. diversifolia retarded cocoa development (to as low as 34% of control) while the others appeared to improve it. Yields in plots of Tephrosia mixture, I. sumatrana, and F. congesta were respectively 72, 59 and 54 per cent higher than under natural regeneration.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF SUCCESS OF PINE SELF-RENEWAL FORESTS ON BURNT-OUT AREAS

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 142-149
Author(s):  
Olga Gavrilova ◽  
Egor Kolganov ◽  
Karina Pak
Keyword(s):  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Pine Forest ◽  
The State ◽  
Organic Layer ◽  
Self Renewal ◽  
Mountain Ash ◽  
Rocky Outcrops

It is reported about the state of natural regeneration of pine in a burnt-out area in a lingonberry pine forest. After the fire, rocky outcrops were exposed on the hills. Organic layer was completely burned out with spots and it has not recovered in 10 years. Pine undergrowth appeared in the first or second years after the fire. The number of self-seeding pine reaches 4-6 thousand/ha. The maximum number of pines is observed on rocky heights, where other forest-forming species are represented by single trees. Birch dominates in the relief depressions. The undergrowth is represented by mountain ash, willow, and wild rose. Heather, lingonberry, thin-bladed grass, reed grass, green mosses and lichens grow in the composition of the living ground cover

scholarly journals Natural regeneration of European Larch outside natural area with minimum of seed trees

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
L.P. Melnik ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Scotch Pine ◽  
Natural Area ◽  
European Larch ◽  
Leading Position ◽  
Growth Energy

The study of dissemination and success of natural regeneration of European larch outside its growing area, with a minimum supply of seed plants, is presented. It was analyzed that the success of natural regeneration of larch is affected by the absence of air sacs in pollen grains, this limits their dispersion at close distances and reduces the quality of seeds of the species, due to unsatisfactory pollination, more than fifty percent are dissimilar. It was found that the distance of maximum dissemination of European larch reaches 112–114 m. The undergrowth and self-seeding of European larch was represented by different height gradations. Half (49 %) of the recorded plants represent a gradation from 2 m and more, 36,5 % up to 1 meter in height, which indicates that the process of formation of the young generation of European larch can last up to 10 years, subject to the necessary conditions (good mineralized soil). Biometric measurements show that the leading position in height is occupied by birch, and the leader among conifers in height in height is Scotch pine. The dynamics of the annual growth of European larch until 2017 has a positive trend, after which it gradually decreases, from 38,6 cm to 24,7 cm in 2020, which is caused by the lack of silvicultural care, as well as the process of the emergence of new individuals of self-seeding, which is 23,5 % of accounted plants. In general, the natural regeneration of European larch and Scots pine under conditions of simple fresh subores (B2) has a higher growth energy than that of forest crops and undergrowth of European spruce.

scholarly journals THE HEALTH STATUS AND NATURAL REGENERATION OF PINUS SYLVESTRIS L. AFTER THE SURFACE FIRE IN VACCINIOSA FOREST TYPE IN LATVIA

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga MIEZĪTE ◽  
Jeļena RŪBA ◽  
Lāsma FREIMANE ◽  
Imants LIEPA ◽  
Edgars DUBROVSKIS
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Ground Vegetation ◽  
Organic Layer ◽  
Surface Fire ◽  
Sanitary Condition ◽  
One Year

From abiotic factors the most effecting influence on forest ecosystems has fire. Two years after surface fire in the pine stands growing in Vacciniosa forest type. Two PL (hereinafter PL) were installed in medium-aged (49 years old, 2.3 ha) and two PLs - in maturing (96 years old, 2.5 ha) stands. In each PL (20x20 m), the numbering of the trees was carried out and their placement was fixed, as well as the diameter, height and height of the green crown were measured. The sanitary condition of each tree was evaluated. For registration of one-year and two-year seedlings in each sample plot 25 sampling units (1 m2) were used. The similar sampling units were used for evaluation of ground cover (5 in each PL diagonally arranged), the obtained samples were weighed. The purpose of the study was to analyze the health status and natural regeneration of P.sylvestris after the surface fire. The ground vegetation was completely burned out in the medium-aged stand, but in the maturing stand both ground vegetation and organic layer - mosaically. The average burning height of trees in the medium-aged forest stand was 0.6±0.64 m, in the maturing stand - at 2.3±0.34 m. The natural regeneration was not detected in the first year after surface fire in the medium-aged forest (only 58800 one-year seedlings were recorded at the second year after fire), while in the maturing stand it was at this time (46600 one-year and 14200 two-year seedlings). Insect damage and cracked bark was not detected.

scholarly journals Effect of game browsing on natural regeneration of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) forests in the Krušné hory Mts. (Czech Republic and Germany)

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 166-180
Author(s):  
Zdeněk Fuchs ◽  
Zdeněk Vacek ◽  
Stanislav Vacek ◽  
Josef Gallo
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Acer Pseudoplatanus ◽  
Tree Damage ◽  
Black Alder ◽  
Game Browsing

Abstract Tree damage by game browsing is one of the biggest threats to forest ecosystems at the time of climate change and large-scale forest disturbances. The aim of the paper was to determine the effect of browsing by ungulates on the diversity, abundance and species composition of natural regeneration in forest stands dominated by European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.). The research was conducted on 10 permanent research plots in the Krušné hory Mts. in the Czech Republic and Germany. The density of natural regeneration was in the range of 23,300–114,100 recruits ha−1. A higher proportion of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) and rowan (Sorbus aucuparia L.) was found in the regeneration compared to the mature stands. A total of 78% of recruits was damaged by browsing. The most frequently damaged tree species were sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus L.; 98%) and black alder (Alnus glutinosa [L.] Gaertn.; 97%), while Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst; 31%) and sessile oak (Quercus petraea [Matt.] Liebl.; 50%) were the least affected. Seventy-nine percent of European beech recruits were damaged. The game significantly reduced the height of regeneration by up to 40%, especially by terminal browsing. Browsing also negatively affected the quality and abundance of regeneration. For successful dynamics of species-rich natural forest ecosystems, it is necessary to minimize tree damage by game browsing. These main measures include the reduction of ungulate population levels and the optimization of their age structure and sex ratio, an increase in the number of overwintering enclosures and food fields for game and a change in the political approach to game management with sufficient consideration of forestry interests.

Assessing the cumulative effects of postfire management on forest landscape dynamics in northeastern China

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 1992-2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xugao Wang ◽  
Hong S He ◽  
Xiuzhen Li ◽  
Yuanman Hu
Keyword(s):  
Age Structure ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Cumulative Effects ◽  
White Birch ◽  
Scotch Pine ◽  
Management Scenario ◽  
Postfire Management

We used the LANDIS model to study the long-term cumulative effects of postfire 10-year management (harvest and reforestation) on species abundance, age structure, and spatial pattern in the Tuqiang Forest Bureau on the northern slopes of the Great Hing'an Mountains after a catastrophic fire in 1987. Two simulation scenarios were constructed: the actual postfire management scenario and the natural regeneration scenario that assumed no postfire management activities occurred after the 1987 fire. Both scenarios were run with 10 replicated simulations per scenario over a 300-year period. Our results indicated that postfire management had a significant influence on species abundance, age structure, and spatial pattern. Postfire management effectively increased the abundance of coniferous trees (larch (Larix gmelinii) and Mongolian Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica)), increased the abundance of white birch in the short-term simulation stage, and decreased the abundance of white birch (Betula platyphylla) in the long run. The aggregation level of white birch responded similarly to postfire management — increasing initially, and then decreasing over time. However, compared with the natural regeneration scenario, postfire management resulted in more fragmented larch and Mongolian Scotch pine, which could last for about 100–150 years because of timber harvesting in the first 10 years postfire. In addition, the age structure of larch forests under the postfire management scenario changed dramatically during the 300 simulation years: the abundance of mature and old-growth age classes of larch forests decreased dramatically in the first 10 years, but then increased and exceeded that under the natural regeneration scenario after about 100 simulation years. Therefore, although postfire management had a positive cumulative effect (less fragmented and more larch abundance) on forest recovery at the long-term successional stage, postfire management, especially timber harvesting within the first 10 years after the 1987 fire, posed negative effects (more fragmented and less mature forests) at short- and mid-term successional stages (about 100 years).

scholarly journals Dependence of natural regeneration of forest-forming species on the structure of the ground cover on postagrogenic lands in the Leningrad region

2021 ◽  
Vol 876 (1) ◽  
pp. 012067
Author(s):  
A S Sergeeva ◽  
N V Belyaeva ◽  
D A Danilov ◽  
I A Kazi
Keyword(s):  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Leningrad Region
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