The size of under-ear interstice and productivity of spring soft wheat varieties of different ecological groups in the forest-steppe of Orenburg region

10.12737/6546 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-138
Author(s):  
Мухитов ◽  
Lenar Mukhitov ◽  
Самуилов ◽  
Feofan Samuilov
Keyword(s):  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Ecological Groups ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Spring Soft Wheat ◽  
The Impact

The impact of contrasting conditions of water availability on the size of the upper internodes in wheat varieties was studied under the conditions of the Orenburg steppe zone. It was noted, that less drought-resistant varieties formed a short upper internodes. We conducted a mathematical analysis of the relationship of productivity and length of ear-carrying internodes of spring soft wheat varieties of different ecological groups. It was established, that we can observe a gradual increase of grain productivity with increasing the length of the upper internodes in the studied range. As a result, the following varities were selected for inclusion into the hybridization: Logachevka, Tulaykovskaya steppe, Tulaykovskaya 1, Tulaykovskaya Belozernaya, Prokhorovka and Uchitel. They have the optimal settings for the presented feature. Using the selected varieties as parental forms can enhance the efficiency of wheat breeding programs for resistance to drought in the forest-steppe zone of the Southern Urals.

scholarly journals FORMATION OF PHYSICAL GRAIN PROPERTIES OF SPRING SOFT WHEAT VARIETIES IN THE FOREST-STEPPE ZONE OF THE TRANS-URALS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.A. Filippova ◽  
◽  
L.T. Maltseva ◽  
N.Yu. Bannikova ◽  
I.A. Drobot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Spring Soft Wheat ◽  
Grain Properties

scholarly journals PRODUCTIVITY OF SPRING SOFT WHEAT IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE CONTENT OF MACROELEMENTS AND BIOACTIVITY OF SOIL ON THE BLACK SOILS OF THE SOUTHERN STEPPE ZONE OF THE SOUTHERN URALS

2021 ◽  
Vol 250 ◽  
pp. 46-53
Author(s):  
V. Yu. Skorokhodov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Spring Soft Wheat

The article is devoted to assessment of the influence of forecrops, application of mineral fertilizers on biological activity of the southern black soil and the yield of soft spring wheat. The studies were carried out in a field long-term stationary experiment in six-field crop rotations, with mono-cultivation of soft spring wheat. The object of the study was soft spring wheat put at different levels of mineral nutrition and according to different forecrops. The article presents longterm data of stationary experiment on spring soft wheat yield, biological activity of the soil under its crops, the content and consumption of macronutrients during the growing season. The vegetation periods of the studies were characterized by aridity and were divided into three groups, 13 out of 19 years were assigned to slightly arid (hydrothermal index = 0.6 and less units). Due to aridity of the growing seasons, the yield of spring soft wheat, depending on the forecrops and the nutrition background, is presented. It has been established that spring soft wheat reduces yield when cultivated in mono-seeding compared to multifield system, regardless of environmental factors. On average, for the period from 2002 to 2019, such forecrops of soft wheat as peas and millet were the best in the variant without application of mineral fertilizers. The yield of soft wheat was 0.93 and 0.90 tons per hectare, respectively. As a result of the study, an increased (in comparison with other variants of the experiment) consumption of nitrate nitrogen and potassium by permanent crops of spring soft wheat was established.

dependence of productivity of wheat of different biological groups on parameters of the assimilatory device of plants in the forest-steppe of the Orenburg Cis-Urals

10.12737/2220 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 124-129
Author(s):  
Мухитов ◽  
Lenar Mukhitov ◽  
Самуилов ◽  
Feofan Samuilov
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Environmental Study ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Optimal Parameters ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Productivity Level ◽  
Hybrid Forms

On the basis of summarizing the results of many years of experience about environmental study of varieties and breeding varieties of spring wheat, we revealed the peculiarities of influence of plants’ assimilation apparatus parameters on the productivity level of early ripening, middle- and late ripening varieties in the forest-steppe zone of Orenburg Urals. These varieties should be used to create hybrid forms of spring wheat with optimal parameters of photosynthetic surface. This will better in solution the selection issues on efficiency in the forest of the Southern Urals. As a result, during the study of the influence of the size of the surface to the grain photosynthetic productivity level of wheat varieties, we found that in this case with an increase in the parameters of the assimilation apparatus, there is an increase of yields up to a certain limit, then a further increase in the size of the photosynthetic surface leads to lower yields. This pattern is clearly related to the fact that the overgrowing foliage due to worsening conditions for leaf photosynthetic activity, the rate of photosynthesis decreases. The following studied varieties of spring wheat have optimal parameters of the photosynthetic index: Volgouralskaya, Varyag, Kinelskaya 59, Logachevka, Lyuba, Prokhorovka, Solveig, Tulaykovskaya 1, Tulaykovskaya stepnaya and Enita. These varieties should be used to create hybrid forms of spring wheat with optimal parameters of the assimilation apparatus.

scholarly journals QUALITY OF GRAINS OF COLLECTIVE SAMPLES OF SOFT WHEAT OF DIFFERENT ECOLOGICAL-GEOGRAPHICAL ORIGIN IN THE STEPPE ZONE OF THE ORENBURG REGION

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 55-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Татьяна Тимошенкова ◽  
Tatyana Timoshenkova ◽  
Феофан Самуилов ◽  
Feofan Samuilov
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Work ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Ecological Groups ◽  
Qualitative Properties ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Orenburg Region

In scientific work the estimation of technological parameters of grain of wheat varieties of different ecological groups is presented at cultivation in steppe of Orenburg region. Investigations of qualitative properties of grain of spring soft wheat revealed that high-grade grain forms varieties of steppe Volga, eastern and southern ecotypes. More vitreous grains are characteristic of varieties of steppe Volga and eastern ecological groups. Grain with a protein content of 14% and higher is characterized by varieties of forest-steppe West Siberian and forest-steppe eastern, steppe Volga, steppe eastern and steppe southern ecological groups. A high content of gluten (33-34%) was noted in varieties of the steppe Volga, eastern and southern ecotypes. From all studied ecotypes, a grain was obtained with quality gluten of Groups I-III. Most of the varieties of the forest-steppe West Siberian and eastern, steppe Volga, eastern and southern ecological groups in the steppe zone of the Orenburg region form 1-2 grade grains, and samples of forest North Russian and East Siberian forest ecological groups - 3-4 classes.

scholarly journals Reaction of spring soft wheat to drought in the forest-steppe of the Trans-Urals

2021 ◽  
Vol 215 (12) ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Lidiya Mal'ceva ◽  
Natal'ya Bannikova ◽  
Elena Filippova
Keyword(s):  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Spring Soft Wheat ◽  
Gluten Content ◽  
Bread Volume ◽  
Research Institute

Abstract. The purpose of the research is the reaction of spring soft wheat varieties to dry phenomena during the growing season in the forest-steppe zone of the Trans-Urals. Methods. The material was 24 varieties of various biotypes for maturation from the nursery of the competitive variety testing of the Kurgan Research Institute of Agricultural Sciences. Results. The negative effect of the drought reduced the yield in the experiments by 11.9 c/ha, the weight of 1000 grains by 5.7 g, and the nature by 19.7 g/l. The influence of grain size on the yield both in favorable years and in years of drought was noted (r = 0.63…0.98). In arid conditions, vitreous is correlated with yield, 1000 grain weight, in kind, to a lesser extent with gluten content, bread volume, and “flour strength”. The lack of moisture during the grain filling period increased the gluten content by 3.4 %, the quality by 15.1 e. p. IDC, the flour strength by 102.7 e. a., the volume of bread by 106 g/l. In favorable years, the weight of 1000 grains and the vitreous content of the grain correlate with gluten (r = 0.44; r = 0.24–0.84). Indicators of productivity and physical properties of grain increase when sowing at the optimal time, with a certain decrease in the gluten content (by 1.2 %), flour strength (by 5.3 e. a.), bread volume (by 73.2 e. p.). In the early sowing period, moisture deficiency reduces the indicators for all varieties Under these conditions, early-maturing varieties form a larger grain both when sowing at an early time (29.0 g) and when sowing at the optimal (31.3 g). In a drought, the role of the variety is especially high. High drought resistance was shown by the Zauralochka variety of the Kurgan Research Institute of Agriculture, which successfully passed the test in the dry years (2012, 2020) in the GSI system and in the environmental test (KASIB). The yield of the drought-resistant variety Zauralochka on average for the HSU was 20.2 c/ha, exceeding the standard Hercules by 2.2 c/ha. Scientific novelty. The features of the influence of dry phenomena on the yield and the main indicators of the quality of varieties are revealed, the correlation between them is determined. According to drought resistance, a variety of spring soft wheat Zauralochka was selected.

scholarly journals SOURCES OF VALUABLE TRAITS FOR BREEDING SPRING SOFT WHEAT IN THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Elena Demina ◽  
Aleksandr Kincharov ◽  
Tat'yana Taranova ◽  
Ol'ga Mullayanova ◽  
Kristina Chekmasova
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Spring Soft Wheat ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
Traits For Breeding

The work was carried out in 2018-2019 in the forest-steppe zone of Samara region. The purpose of the research is to conduct study samples of collection nursery of various ecological and geographical origins and identify new sources of economically valuable traits for breeding in the forest – steppe of the Middle Volga region. The material for research was 352 collection samples of spring soft wheat, including 108 foreign varieties and hybrids and 244 domestic samples of breeding institutions of the Russian Federation. Meteorological conditions during the research years were quite severe, and vegetation took place in arid and acutely arid conditions (hydrothermal coefficient in 2018 – 0.51, in 2019 – 0.48, with a long-term value in the region of 0.73). The greatest variability over the years of research was observed in the indicators of grain yield of samples (Сv=23.9...27.5 %) and plants height (Сv=10.8...12.9 %). According to the research results, 30 new genetic sources of economically valuable traits of spring soft wheat were identified. Sources of precocity (period of shoots-earing 35...37 days): Uralskaya kukushka, Chelyaba rannyaya, Tyumenskaya 25, Lutescens 70, Odeta, Libertina, Chi Mai, Long Fu 7, M83-1551. Sources of short stems (plants height 40...45 cm): KWS Torridon, KWS Jetstream, Florens, Eleganza, Long Fu 13. Sources of consistently high productivity (grain yield 415...554 g/m2, and the yield increase over the standard 71...210 g/m2): Erythrospermum 4089, Grekum 5523, Lutescens 6029, Lutescens 6074/6-23, Lutescens 6102/1-32, Lutescens 6102/1-34 Erythrospermum 6517/24-1, Ekada 214, Burlak, Ulyanovskaya 105, Lebedushka, Saratovskaya 73. Sources of high protein content (15.4...16.7 %) and gluten (36.0...42.0 %) in grain: Erythrospermum 3898, Erythrospermum 4112, Erythrospermum 4171, Erythrospermum 5289

scholarly journals SCREENING OF SPRING SOFT WHEAT VARIETY OF KASIB NURSERY-GARDEN TO THE BROWN AND STEBLE STEM RUST IN THE CONDITIONS OF WESTERN SIBERIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-63
Author(s):  
Владимир Шаманин ◽  
Vladimir Shamanin ◽  
Инна Потоцкая ◽  
Inna Pototskaya ◽  
Олег Кузьмин ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Rust ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Scientific Research Institute ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Spring Soft Wheat ◽  
Research Institute

Owing to the climate warming and, as a consequence, the deterioration of the phytopathological situation, associated with the emergence of aggressive races of fungal diseases, as well as the cultivation of susceptible varieties on the main wheat sowing area in Western Siberia, it is important to expand the genotypic diversity of wheat varieties and search for new sources of long-term sustainability. The evaluation results of spring soft wheat varieties of KASIB nursery shuttle breeding set up jointly by scientific institutions of Western Siberia, Kazakhstan and the International Center for the Improvement of Corn and Wheat CIMMYT are presented in the conditions of the southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia. The research was carried out in 2011-2016, using field and laboratory methods. The results of the assessment of the susceptibility of KASIB nursery varieties to brown and stem rust have shown that varieties with high resistance prevail among resistant varieties in all phases of plant development, which indicates targeted selection for immunity with genes of race-specific and age resistance. The use of cluster analysis made it possible to reveal significant differences in productivity and resistance to rust diseases of KASIB varieties. We distinguished wheat varieties from KASIB nursery-garden 14, 15 - Lutestsens 141/03-2 and Sigma (Siberian scientific research Institute of Agriculture), from KASIB nursery-garden 16, 17 - Erythrospermum 85-08 (Omsk SAU), Lutestsens 6/04-4 and Lutestsens 186/04- 61 (Siberian scientific research Institute of Agriculture), resistant to brown and stem rust, exceeding in terms of yield standards, which are recommended to be used as a starting material for wheat breeding in Western Siberia.

scholarly journals The formation of the crop, sowing qualities and yield properties of spring soft wheat seeds under the influence of mineral fertilizers in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the Middle Volga

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
Lidiya Vasilievna Karpova ◽  
Anna Vasilievna Strogonova ◽  
Phedor Petrovich Chetverikov
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Spring Soft Wheat ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
Complex Liquid ◽  
Wheat Seeds

The article presents the results of studies on the formation of the crop, sowing qualities, yield properties and biochemical composition of seeds of spring soft wheat (Tulaykovskaya Nadezhda variety) under the influence of complex liquid fertilizers with microelements in chelate form in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the Middle Volga. The application of mineral fertilizer Megamix increased the number of grains on one plant to 32.9–36.3 units, which exceeded the control by 1.1–4.5 units, or by 3.5–14.1%. The yield of spring wheat from the integrated application of the agrochemical increased to 3.90 t / ha, which is 21.1% higher than the control.

Naturally spreading and natural apple dwarfs in the forest-steppe zone of the Southern Urals

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 70-76
Author(s):  
O. E. Merezhko ◽  
M. A. Mazunin ◽  
E. Z. Savin ◽  
A. I. Gridnev
Keyword(s):  
Unit Area ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
South Urals ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
The Urals ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Early Maturity

The article presents tests of natural creeping apple trees and natural dwarfs, carried out in the in the conditions of the Orenburg region. There were from 50 to 100 trees in the experiment in each variant. Vigorous standard plantations were used as control. The aim of the research was to test natural creeping apple trees, natural dwarfs against the background of standard varieties bred in the South Urals (Chelyabinsk), as well as to determine their prospects for intensive horticulture in the extreme conditions of the region. The preservation of plantings for all variants of the experiment for 20 years of research is high and amounted to 92-99 %, their condition was estimated at 4.5-5.0 points. The highest yield was noted for natural dwarfs (457.2 c/ha), the smallest yield was obtained on vigorous standard plantings (control) – 238.7 c/ha. Naturally creeping apple trees in terms of productivity were higher than control by an average of 25 %. Of the naturally creeping varieties, the most productive were the varieties Podsnezhnik (348.3 c/ha), Chudnoe (335.2 c/ha), the least productive were the varieties Plastun and Kovrovoe (255.1 and 262.5 c/ha, respectively). On the natural dwarfs, the most productive variety was the variety Brat Chudnogo (461.2 c/ha). In the control, the most productive varieties were the varieties Symbol (295.9 c/ha) and Nadezhda (270.5 c/ha), less productive were the varieties Pamyat Zhavoronkova and Fevralskoe (208.0 and 224.1 c/ha, respectively). Low-growing plantations, in particular layer and natural varieties of the Urals, are distinguished by their early maturity and, in general, higher productivity per unit area. The highest labor costs are accounted for by natural dwarfs (485.4 person-day/ha) and the lowest in vigorous plantings (317.4 person-day/ha). This has a positive eff ect on the profit and rentability of production.

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