scholarly journals CHANGES OF PARAMETRES OF FREE-RADICAL STATUS, OF ANTIOXIDANT PROTECTION AND MORPHOLOGIC CHANGES OF ERYTHROCYTES OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD OF PREGNANT WOMEN OF THE FIRST TRIMESTER WITH CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (68) ◽  
pp. 57-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Наталия Ишутина ◽  
Nataliya Ishutina ◽  
Ирина Андриевская ◽  
Irina Andrievskaya
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Cytomegalovirus Infection ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Antioxidant Protection ◽  
Diene Conjugates ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
Morphologic Changes

The aim is to study the features of changes of free-radical status, antioxidant protection and morphologic changes of erythrocytes of the peripheral blood of pregnant women of the first trimester with exacerbation of cytomegalovirus infection (CMVI). 35 pregnant women with exacerbation of CMVI in the first trimester of gestation (the main group) and 35 pregnant women without this pathology of the same age and term as the patients of the main group were examined. Erythrocytes of the venous blood stabilized by heparine as well as blood plasma became the material of the study. There has been studied the condition of lipid peroxidation (LP) by the contents of diene conjugates and active products reacting with thiobarbituric acid; the state of nonenzymatic antioxidant protection by the contents of α-tocopherol as well as of the enzyme of erythrocytes (superoxide dismutase); morphologic changes of erythrocytes. It was found out that the exacerbation of CMVI in the first trimester of pregnancy is associated with activation of LP processes which include modification of not only primary, reverse stages of this process – the increase of the concentration of diene conjugates (p<0.001), but they lead to an increased formation of secondary active products reacting with thiobarbituric acid (p<0.001), intensifying the destructive action on the membrane of erythrocytes. Primary and secondary products of LP against the decrease of concentration of erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (p<0.001) and α-tocopherol (p<0.001) are accumulated in increasing concentrations and become potential factors of erythrocytes damage causing their functional and metabolic inferiority. Metabolic disturbances and damages of cellular membranes lead to the increase of population of echinocytes, target-like and degenerative forms of erythrocytes, which can be accompanied by a high probability of intravascular hemolysis and contribute to the development of hemic hypoxia complicating the infectious process and the course of pregnancy. Within the present hyperoxidation and suppression of antioxidant protection that lead to the worsening of the rheology of blood, women with exacerbation of CMVI in the first trimester of pregnancy should be prescribed the medicine stabilizing the lipid exchange.

scholarly journals FREE-RADICAL OXIDATION AND OXYGENATION OF HEMOGLOBIN AT EXACERBATION OF CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION IN THE SECOND TRIMESTER OF PREGNANCY

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 9-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. Andrievskaya ◽  
N. A. Ishutina ◽  
O. L. Kutepova
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Cytomegalovirus Infection ◽  
Free Radical Oxidation ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Blood Monocytes ◽  
Radical Oxidation

The aim of the study was to assess free radical processes and their effect on oxygenation of hemoglobin in the blood of 18-21 weeks  pregnant women with exacerbation of cytomegalovirus infection. We  examined 40 pregnant women with exacerbation of cytomegalovirus  infection and various levels of specific antibodies (IgM) at 18-21  weeks and 30 pregnant women without cytomegalovirus. The  spectrophotometric method was used to determine the content of oxyhemoglobin, methemoglobin, thiobarbituric acid (TBA)-active  products, superoxide dismutase in blood erythrocytes; thin layer  chromatography – phosphotidylcholine, lysophosphatidylcholine;  gas-liquid chromatography – arachidonic acid. Exacerbation of  cytomegalovirus infection changes the activity of free radical  oxidation processes, the severity of which is determined by the level  of IgM antibodies and is manifested by a decrease in superoxide  dismutase (p = 0.000) and phosphatidylcholine (p = 0.000), an  increase in phospholipase A2 (p = 0.000), lysophosphatidylcholine (p  = 0.000), arachidonic acid (p = 0.000) and TBA-active products  (p = 0.000). Accumulation of superoxide anion radical and products of lipoperoxidation in erythrocytes decreases  oxyhemoglobin (p = 0.000) and increases methemoglobin (p =  0.000). Exacerbation of cytomegalovirus infection at 18-21 weeks is  associated with the enhancement of free radical lipid oxidation and a  deficiency in the antioxidant activity of superoxide dismutase. It  decreases oxygen transport properties and increases phagocytosis  by red blood monocytes; and pregnant women develop further  hemic hypoxia.

scholarly journals Correction of the state of antioxidant protection system of the fowl’s organism under the circumstances of being poisoned by Derosal

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (98) ◽  
pp. 46-50
Author(s):  
O. S. Kochevenko ◽  
I. O. Zhukova ◽  
O. M. Bobrytska ◽  
I. O. Kostiuk ◽  
L. A. Vodopyanova
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Free Radical Oxidation ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Protection ◽  
Diene Conjugates ◽  
Active Forms Of Oxygen ◽  
Radical Oxidation

In fact, Free radical oxidation is one of the required factors of homeostasis as far as the active forms of oxygen, which have unpaired electron, perform useful functions, they are necessary intermediaries of numerous processes of normal cells’ functioning such as biosynthesis of prostaglandins and leukotriene as well as other biologically active substances. Also, they take part in pathological processes such as: inflammation, fever and others. Free radical oxidation is the process of direct oxygen transferring to the substrate forming peroxide, ketones, aldehydes, etc. Some amino acids, proteins, water and carbohydrates prone to the processes of peroxidation, but crucial place is granted to lipids at the expanse of fatty acids which are included to their composition. The article highlights the information concerning the analysis of the state of antioxidant system of hens in the process of feeding them with subtoxic doses of fungicide of Derosal (BAYER, Germany) (0.1 LD50 for a fowl, 900 mg/kg of the body mass) which active ingredient is benzimidazole carbamate (carbendazim, BMC). It presents the changes of these indicators in the process of using pharmacological and natural antioxidants. The analysis has figured out that giving Derosal to the hens without corrections (II group) has been followed with the activation of the process of lipids’ peroxidation (POL) in the blood plasma, that is followed with the increase of concentration of primary and secondary lipoperoxidation products – diene conjugates (DC) and TBA-active products on the average up to 21.0–25.0 %, catalase activity – up to 38.5 % and decrease of superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) up to 21.8 % and АОА – up to 17.8 %, that shows the adverse effects of pesticides on the system of antioxidant protection of the organism. In the fowls’ groups III, IV and V the adding of antioxidant E-selenium, ascorbic acid and thermally untreated buckwheat seeds as the source of  quercetins and anthocyanins has led to the induction of antioxidant resources that is shown by the decrease in comparison with the control of content of diene conjugates, malonic dialdehyde and catalase (in average up to 13.6–33.6–18.0 % accordingly) and compensatory strengthening of superoxide dismutase activity and general activity of antioxidant (АОА) on the average up to 44.9–72.1–76.5 % and 15.3–13.4–21.7 % accordingly. In comparison with group II the activity of catalase has been lower as well as the activity of superoxide dismutase has been higher in all the groups almost in 1.5–2 times (Р ≤ 0.001).

scholarly journals The role of linoleic acid in oxidative damage of hemoglobin due to cytomegelavirus infection during pregnancy

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
I. A. Andrievskaya ◽  
N. A. Ishutina
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Cytomegalovirus Infection ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Oxidative Modification ◽  
Control Group

The goal is to study the mechanisms of linoleic acid-dependent oxidative damage to hemoglobin in blood erythrocytes of pregnant women with cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection during the first trimester.Materials and methods. The study included 55 CMV-seropositive pregnant women at 8–11 weeks pregnant, aged 24,7 ± 0,18 years. 20 women had exacerbated cytomegalovirus infection and in 35 women a latent course of the disease was observed. The control group consisted of 20 CMV-seronegative pregnant women, comparable in age and gestational age with the group of pregnant women with cytomegalovirus infection. The levels of linoleic acid, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and methemoglobin in the blood were studied by the spectrophotometry. Glutathione was determined by histochemical methods, the total amount of hemoglobin was measured using the automatic hematological analyzer, and hydrogen peroxide level was calculated by enzyme immunoassay.Results. In cytomegalovirus infection, an increase in the indices of exogenous hydrogen peroxide and linoleic acid in blood erythrocytes of pregnant women is observed. During the period of acute disease in the first trimester of pregnancy it causes oxidative modification and a decrease in the level of not only superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione, the processes involved in the redox regulation of thiol-disulfide exchange of erythrocytes, but also hemoglobin with formation of large amount of methemoglobin, which contributes to reduction of oxygen metabolism and development of hemic hypoxia. In the latent course of the disease, the oxidative damage to hemoglobin in the erythrocytes of pregnant women is mitigated by the increase in the activity of redox enzymes, which maintains oxygen homeostasis at the level necessary for the development of pregnancy. 

State of the enzyme link of antioxidant protection in boys with hypoandrogenism

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 32-36
Author(s):  
L. K. Parkhomenko ◽  
◽  
L. A. Strashok ◽  
S. I. Turchina ◽  
G. V. Kosovtsova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Free Radical Oxidation ◽  
Conjugated Dienes ◽  
Delayed Puberty ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antioxidant Protection ◽  
Radical Oxidation

Recently, interest in the problem of free radical oxidation in biological membranes, which is directly related to both the normal functioning of cells and the occurrence, course and outcome of many pathological conditions, has increased again in clinical medicine. The aim was to determine the role and impact of antioxidant defense in boys with hypoandrogenism. The study involved 75 adolescents with hypoandrogenism aged 13–18 years, who underwent a complex of clinical and laboratory examinations. All patients were conducted complex of anthropometric research and determination of the degree of delayed puberty, laboratory and instrumental examination. Free radical oxidation was determined by the levels of malondialdehyde, conjugated dienes, carbonated proteins, superoxide dismutase and catalase in the serum, and restored glutathione and glutathione peroxidase in whole blood. Based on their determination, the coefficient of oxidative stress was calculated. Statistical processing of results was performed using parametric and nonparametric methods. The study of indicators of the free radical oxidation process found that adolescents with hypoandrogenism have multidirectional changes in the oxidation of proteins and lipids, namely: the level of conjugated dienes increases, the concentration of malondialdehyde remains at the level of the control group, and the level of carbonated proteins tends to decrease. As for the activity of antioxidant protection enzymes, a significant decrease in the level of glutathione peroxidase was detected, while the level of superoxide dismutase and catalase remained at the level of normative indicators. Oxidative stress accompanies and is one of the pathogenetic links in the formation or maintenance of the state of hypoandrogenism in boys. This requires the use of antioxidants, the complex of which must be selected individually.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Prescriptions among China Ambulatory Care Visits of Pregnant Women: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 601
Author(s):  
Houyu Zhao ◽  
Mei Zhang ◽  
Jiaming Bian ◽  
Siyan Zhan
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Ambulatory Care ◽  
National Level ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fetal Safety ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy

Background: Antibiotic use in pregnant women at the national level has rarely been reported in China. Objectives: We aimed to investigate antibiotic prescriptions during pregnancy in ambulatory care settings in China. Methods: Data of 4,574,961 ambulatory care visits of pregnant women from October 2014 to April 2018 were analyzed. Percentages of Antibiotic prescriptions by different subgroups and various diagnosis categories and proportions of inappropriate antibiotic prescriptions for different subgroups were estimated. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) pregnancy categories were used to describe the antibiotic prescription patterns. The 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using the Clopper––Pearson method or Goodman method. Results: Among the 4,574,961 outpatient visits during pregnancy, 2.0% (92,514 visits; 95% CI, 2.0–2.0%) were prescribed at least one antibiotic. The percentage of antibiotic prescriptions for pregnant women aged >40 years was 4.9% (95% CI, 4.7–5.0%), whereas that for pregnant women aged 26–30 years was 1.5% (95% CI, 1.4–1.5%). In addition, percentages of antibiotic prescriptions varied among different trimesters of pregnancy, which were 5.4% (95% CI, 5.3–5.4%) for the visits in the first trimester of pregnancy and 0.5% (95% CI, 0.4–0.5%) in the third trimester of pregnancy. Furthermore, the percentages of antibiotic prescriptions substantially varied among different diagnosis categories and nearly three-quarters of antibiotic prescriptions had no clear indications and thus might be inappropriate. In total, 130,308 individual antibiotics were prescribed; among these, 60.4% (95% CI, 60.0–60.8%) belonged to FDA category B, 2.7% (95% CI, 2.1–3.5%) were classified as FDA category D and 16.8% (95% CI, 16.2–17.4%) were not assigned any FDA pregnancy category. Conclusions: Antibiotic prescriptions in ambulatory care during pregnancy were not highly prevalent in mainland China. However, a substantial proportion of antibiotics might have been prescribed without adequate indications. Antibiotics whose fetal safety has not been sufficiently illustrated were widely used in pregnant women.

scholarly journals Adequacy and Sources of Protein Intake among Pregnant Women in the United States, NHANES 2003–2012

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 795
Author(s):  
Mary M. Murphy ◽  
Kelly A. Higgins ◽  
Xiaoyu Bi ◽  
Leila M. Barraj
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
The United States ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Animal Source ◽  
Usual Intake ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
Using Data

Limited information is available on protein intake and adequacy of protein intake among pregnant women. Using data from a sample of 528 pregnant women in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) 2003–2012, usual intake of protein (g/day and g/kg body weight (bw)/day) and prevalence of intake below the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) by trimester of pregnancy were calculated using the National Cancer Institute method. Percent contributions to protein intake by source (i.e., plant and animal, including type of animal source) were also calculated. Mean usual intake of protein was 88 ± 4.3, 82 ± 3.1, and 82 ± 2.9 g/day among women in trimester 1, 2, and 3 of pregnancy, respectively, or 1.30 ± 0.10, 1.35 ± 0.06, and 1.35 ± 0.05 g/kg bw/day, respectively. An estimated 4.5% of women in the first trimester of pregnancy consumed less protein than the EAR of 0.66 g/kg bw/day; among women in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy, 12.1% and 12.8% of women, respectively, consumed less protein than the EAR of 0.88 g/kg bw/day. Animal sources of protein accounted for approximately 66% of total protein. Findings from this study show that one in eight women in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy have inadequate intake of protein. Pregnant women should be encouraged to consume sufficient levels of protein from a variety of sources.

AYURVEDIC MANAGEMENT OF GARBHINI CHARDI (Emesis Gravidarum) WITH CHATURJATA CHOORNA (CHATURJATA POWDER) - A PILOT STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 4317-4323
Author(s):  
Priyanka 1 ◽  
Shreyes. S ◽  
Yogitha Bali M.R
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
Morning Sickness ◽  
Excessive Salivation ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
Rice Water ◽  
Single Blind

Background: During pregnancy many demands are made by growing fetus, to meet these requirements maternal system has to undergo certain changes. Garbhinichardi (Emesis Gravidarum) is one among them and this has been termed as Gruhita Garbha Lakshanas (Immediate signs of conception) in Ayurvedic clas-sics. Approximately 80 % of pregnant women experience excessive salivation, nausea and vomiting during pregnancy, commonly known as “morning sickness”, which is seen frequently throughout the day. Design: This is single blind pilot study. 30 patients with complaints of Garbhinichardi (Emesis Gravidarum) in first trimester were included in this study. Patients were given Chaturjatachurna (Chatutjata powder)for a peri-od of 2 weeks in dose of 3gms thrice a day after meal with Anupana (Adjuvant) as Madhu (honey) of 5ml mixed with Tandulodaka (Raw rice water) Results: This pilot study showed statistically significant changes with Chaturjatachurna in reducing the complaints of pregnant women such as nausea (p<0.001), vomiting (p<0.001) and Aruchi (Anorexia) (p<0.001) in their first trimester of pregnancy. Conclusion: Chaturjata-churna was effective in the management of Garbhini Chardi (Emesis Gravidarum) and other symptoms in the first trimester of pregnancy.

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