scholarly journals AMPLITUDE VARIATIONS OF THE REFLECTED SIGNAL DURING VERTICAL SOUNDING OF THE IONOSPHERE AT MIDDLE LATITUDES

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 88-98
Author(s):  
Kamil Yusupov ◽  
John Mathews ◽  
Takashi Maruyama ◽  
Adel Akchurin ◽  
Maksim Tolstikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Ionosphere ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Electron Density Profile ◽  
Middle Latitudes ◽  
Reflected Signal ◽  
Standard Mode ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Frequency Properties ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Large Flow

In this paper, we discuss the main types of quasiperiodic variations in amplitudes of a reflected signal during vertical sounding of the ionosphere at middle latitudes. The initial experimental data is vertical sounding ionograms obtained by the Cyclone ionosonde. The ionosonde is located in Kazan (59°, 49°) and in standard mode allows us to receive one ionogram per minute. In the analysis, methods are used to visualize a large flow of ionograms in the form of final summary maps of the state of the ionosphere (A-, H-, As-maps). We give typical examples of quasiperiodic variations in amplitudes of a reflected signal in ionograms and on A-maps for various types of multipath beatings (polarization and due to signal scattering by ionospheric irregularities). Frequency properties of such beatings are used to estimate the difference in virtual reflection heights between modes of different polarizations with high accuracy, which makes it possible to refine the form of the electron density profile of the lower ionosphere. We have detected a phenomenon rare for the mid-latitude Es layer — beatings of two O modes with different virtual reflection heights. We also present features of quasiperiodic variations in amplitudes of a reflected signal on traces of the transient Es layer. We study possible causes of the appearance of such beatings.

scholarly journals AMPLITUDE VARIATIONS OF THE REFLECTED SIGNAL DURING VERTICAL SOUNDING OF THE IONOSPHERE AT MIDDLE LATITUDES

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 72-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamil Yusupov ◽  
John Mathews ◽  
Takashi Maruyama ◽  
Adel Akchurin ◽  
Maksim Tolstikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Ionosphere ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Electron Density Profile ◽  
Middle Latitudes ◽  
Reflected Signal ◽  
Standard Mode ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Frequency Properties ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Large Flow

In this paper, we discuss the main types of quasiperiodic variations in amplitudes of a reflected signal during vertical sounding of the ionosphere at middle latitudes. The initial experimental data is vertical sounding ionograms obtained by the Cyclone ionosonde. The ionosonde is located in Kazan (59°, 49°) and in standard mode allows us to receive one ionogram per minute. In the analysis, methods are used to visualize a large flow of ionograms in the form of final summary maps of the state of the ionosphere (A-, H-, As-maps). We give typical examples of quasiperiodic variations in amplitudes of a reflected signal in ionograms and on A-maps for various types of multipath beatings (polarization and due to signal scattering by ionospheric irregularities). Frequency properties of such beatings are used to estimate the difference in virtual reflection heights between modes of different polarizations with high accuracy, which makes it possible to refine the form of the electron density profile of the lower ionosphere. We have detected a phenomenon rare for the mid-latitude Es layer — beatings of two O modes with different virtual reflection heights. We also present features of quasiperiodic variations in amplitudes of a reflected signal on traces of the transient Es layer. We study possible causes of the appearance of such beatings.

The Effects of a Caffeine Placebo and Experimenter Expectation on Blood Pressure, Heart Rate, Well-Being, and Cognitive Performance

2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald Walach ◽  
Stefan Schmidt ◽  
Yvonne-Michelle Bihr ◽  
Susanne Wiesch
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Being There ◽  
To Receive

We studied the effect of experimenter expectations and different instructions in a balanced placebo design. 157 subjects were randomized into a 2 × 4 factorial design. Two experimenters were led to expect placebos either to produce physiological effects or not (pro- vs. antiplacebo). All subjects except a control group received a caffeine placebo. They were either made to expect coffee, no coffee, or were in a double-blind condition. Dependent measures were blood pressure, heart rate, well-being, and a cognitive task. There was one main effect on the instruction factor (p = 0.03) with the group “told no caffeine” reporting significantly better well-being. There was one main effect on the experimenter factor with subjects instructed by experimenter “proplacebo” having higher systolic blood pressure (p = 0.008). There was one interaction with subjects instructed by experimenter “proplacebo” to receive coffee doing worse in the cognitive task than the rest. Subjects instructed by experimenter “antiplacebo” were significantly less likely to believe the experimental instruction, and that mostly if they had been instructed to receive coffee. Contrary to the literature we could not show an effect of instruction, but there was an effect of experimenters. It is likely, however, that these experimenter effects were not due to experimental manipulations, but to the difference in personalities.

The comparative effectiveness of direct oral anti-coagulants and low molecular weight heparins for prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism in cancer: The CANVAS pragmatic randomized trial.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 12020-12020
Author(s):  
Deborah Schrag ◽  
Hajime Uno ◽  
Rachel Pam Greenerger Rosovsky ◽  
Cynthia Rutherford ◽  
Kristen Marie Sanfilippo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Comparative Effectiveness ◽  
Pragmatic Trial ◽  
Study Drug ◽  
Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
The Us ◽  
Recurrent Vte ◽  
The Difference ◽  
To Receive

12020 Background: Previous randomized trials in cancer patients suggest that DOACs are non-inferior to LMWH for preventing recurrent VTE but have higher risk of bleeding. However, the balance of benefits and burdens remains uncertain. Objective: The CANVAS pragmatic trial compared recurrent VTE, bleeding and death in cancer patients following an initial VTE treated with either DOAC or LMWH therapy. Methods: CANVAS was an unblinded hybrid comparative effectiveness non-inferiority trial, with randomized and preference cohorts. Between 12/16 and 4/20, 671 participants were randomized and followed for 6-months. Between 12/16 and 12/17, 140 participants declined randomization, chose their preferred anticoagulant and were followed for 6-months. The preference cohort was closed when predetermined stopping criteria were met. Final follow-up was 11/30/20. Randomized patients were assigned 1:1 to receive either a DOAC or a LMWH. If assigned to LMWH, transitions to warfarin were allowed. Physicians and patients could choose among any DOAC or LMWH. Doses were suggested based on FDA-approved labeling but not mandated. Patients from 67 practices in the US with any invasive solid tumor, lymphoma, multiple myeloma or CLL and a diagnosis of symptomatic or radiographically detected VTE within 30 days of enrollment were eligible. The 1° analysis was conducted in the randomized modified-into to treat popululation, (all subjects who received study drug). The 1° outcome was recurrent VTE. The aim was to establish noninferiority of anticoagulation with a DOAC as defined by the upper limit of the 2-sided 90% CI for the difference in the event rate at 6 months of < 3%. Secondary outcomes included death and bleeding. Hypothesis testing included only the randomized cohort but propensity score adjusted results for the preference and combined cohorts are also shown. Results: The non-inferiority criteria for recurrent VTE was met. Conclusions: Among adult cancer patients with VTE, the use of a DOAC compared with a LMWH resulted in a noninferior risk of recurrent VTE with no differences in rates of bleeding or death in randomized patients. Clinical trial information: NCT02744092. [Table: see text]

scholarly journals Quanto funziona il cortisone per os nel broncospasmo acuto in età prescolare? Risultati non confortanti di un RCT

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Gruppo di lettura di Milano
Keyword(s):  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Oral Prednisolone ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Severe Exacerbation ◽  
Intravenous Drug Use ◽  
Emergency Rooms ◽  
Oral Steroids ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Respiratory Outcomes ◽  
To Receive

How does oral cortisone work in acute bronchospasm in preschool age? ARCT with not reassuring results. The 2021 guide of the Global Initiatve for Asthma (GINA) states that the use of oral steroids in preschool children with acute bronchospasm is only recommended in cases of severe exacerbation, however the literature continues to present conflicting results. The Wheeze and Steroids in Preschoolers (WASP) Study, conducted in 3 New Zealand emergency rooms, randomized 477 children aged 24–59 months with acute bronchospasm to receive oral prednisolone for 3 days versus placebo. The respiratory outcomes measured were conflicting: the change in severity score (PRAM) at 24 hours was not different between the 2 groups, while the absolute value of the score at both 4 and 24 hours (secondary outcomes) was significantly lower in the prednisolone group. Hospitalization rate, need for further oral prednisolone treatment, and intravenous drug use were also lower in the prednisolone group. It is debated whether the equivalence design of the study and the margins chosen by the authors for the primary outcome have attenuated the difference between the treatments.

scholarly journals About Using Two-Level Probing Signal in Nonlinear Radio Location

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
I.L. Afonin ◽  
◽  
A.N. Degtyaryov ◽  
A.L. Polyakov ◽  
V.G. Slyozkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Diagram ◽  
Response Level ◽  
Noise Interference ◽  
Nonlinear Properties ◽  
Correlation Processing ◽  
Nonlinear Object ◽  
Probing Signal ◽  
Reflected Signal ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Moment

A probing signal represented by two successive radio impulses having the same amplitude, but different energies is suggested for application in pulsed nonlinear radars, while for the receiver it is suggested to perform either correlation processing or optimal filtering of each of the reflected signal components at the carrier frequency. Due to the fact that the response of the optimal filter is proportional to the energy of the pulsed signal, the response levels of the two impulses reflected from an object lacking nonlinear properties will be equal. Should an object have nonlinear properties the response levels at the optimal processing device output at certain moments of time will be different thus indicating that a nonlinear object has been detected. Since the energies of the probing signal components are equal and optimal filtration is performed when receiving the reflected signal, this ensures that the noise interference equally affects the error while comparing levels of the received signal components. Depending on the error magnitude it is necessary to select upper and lower limits of the amplitude uncertainty within which response levels can be considered different. Decision about the presence of the nonlinear object is made if the difference in response levels goes beyond these limits. Suggested below is a block diagram of a decision-making device based on a successive correlation processing of each of the received signal components where the response level of the correlator at the moment when impulse ends is stored until the time when the decision is made i.e. when the second impulse ends.

scholarly journals Oral Misoprostol vs Intravenous Oxytocin Infusion for Induction of Labor in Prelabor Rupture of Membranes

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-7
Author(s):  
Rajyashri Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Cesarean Delivery ◽  
Fetal Distress ◽  
Induction Of Labor ◽  
Oral Misoprostol ◽  
Oxytocin Infusion ◽  
Misoprostol Group ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Prelabor Rupture Of Membranes ◽  
To Receive

ABSTRACT Objectives To compare the efficacy, side effects and safety of oral misoprostol to intravenous oxytocin infusion for induction of labor in prelabor rupture of membranes (PROM). Materials and methods Two hundred and sixty-six women of prelabor rupture of membranes were assigned to receive either oral misoprostol 100 μg 6 hourly to a maximum 3 doses (misoprostol group, n = 142), or escalating doses of oxytocin infusion up to 20 mIU/min in primigravida and up to 10 mIU/min in multigravida (oxytocin group, n = 114). Results Demographic characteristics were similar in both the groups. The difference in mean induction to delivery interval (8.2 ± 6 hours in misoprostol group vs 12.2 ± 6 hours in oxytocin group) was statistically significant when two groups were compared. The incidence of vaginal delivery (86.1% in misoprostol group vs 84.2% in oxytocin group), and cesarean delivery (13.9% in misoprostol group vs 15.8% in oxytocin group), was almost similar in both the groups. The indication of cesarean delivery was dystocia (40% in misoprostol group vs 67% in oxytocin group), and fetal distress (60% in misoprostol group vs 33% in oxytocin group) and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.01). Maternal and neonatal safety outcomes were similar for the two treatments. Conclusion Oral misoprostol in prelabor rupture of membrane have almost similar results as intravenous oxytocin in safety, efficacy and side effects except induction delivery interval, which is less in misoprostol group. How to cite this article Anjum S, Sharma R. Oral Misoprostol vs Intravenous Oxytocin Infusion for Induction of Labor in Prelabor Rupture of Membranes. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2016;8(1):4-7.

Zakres obowiązku zgłaszania zamiaru podjęcia przez posła zawodowego zatrudnienia na uczelni wyższej na stanowisku adiunkta

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (71) ◽  
pp. 230-235
Author(s):  
Piotr Chybalski
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Education Institution ◽  
Assistant Professor ◽  
Creative Activity ◽  
Higher Education Institution ◽  
Individual Nature ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
To Receive

A Deputy does not have to inform the Marshal of the Sejm about an intention of being employed as an assistant professor in a higher education institution, because it is a creative activity of an individual nature. Such obligation would exist if a Deputy had to perform additional responsibilities (apart from a pure academic or didactic work). In such case a Deputy would lose the right to receive a salary. However, s/he could apply for a partial salary – in the sum equal to the difference between a full Deputy’s salary and an additional one (received as a result of an additional employment).

Puerperal Disorders

2021 ◽  
pp. 159-176
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Maternal Death ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Care And Support ◽  
Life Saving ◽  
Abnormal Bleeding ◽  
Post Partum Period ◽  
The Difference ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Pregnancy And Birth

Unfortunately, the complexities of human pregnancy and birth make it a risky endeavor. The most vulnerable time for maternal death is the post-partum period during which 60% deaths and 65% deaths are reported. Around 62.3% deaths are estimated to occur in post-partum period. Unfortunately, post-partum period is the most neglected period. In the developing world, while 65% of all women have some form of antenatal care, 53% get intra-natal care; only 30% get post-partum care. Women continue to need care and support after childbirth. Postpartum checkups can make all the difference for an abnormal bleeding or infection. Living away from services or being unable to afford those services prevents a woman from acquiring the knowledge needed after birth to look after herself or to receive the life-saving antibiotics and the attention she may need after delivery.

scholarly journals A Protection Method Based on Feature Cosine and Differential Scheme for Microgrid

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lai Lei ◽  
Cong Wang ◽  
Jie Gao ◽  
Jinjin Zhao ◽  
Xiaowei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Time Domain ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Current Level ◽  
Fault Current ◽  
Time Domain Simulation ◽  
Overcurrent Protection ◽  
Protection Method ◽  
Islanded Mode ◽  
Differential Scheme ◽  
The Difference

The fault current level of microgrid is different between islanded mode and grid connected mode. This situation degrades the performance of traditional overcurrent protection schemes. Hence, this paper proposes a protection method based on feature cosine and differential scheme. Firstly, feature cosine is proposed; it employs ellipse equation and minimum least squares to quantify the united behavior about voltage and current. Secondly, fault current direction and feature cosine are analyzed when fault occurs at different locations of a typical microgrid, and then the difference of feature cosine between faulty and healthy section locations is obtained. Thirdly, based on feature cosine and differential scheme, the differential direction is defined and utilized to detect faulty section location. Lastly, various time domain simulation case studies, including different microgrid operation modes, grounding resistances, faulty types, faulty section locations, and noise influence, are conducted and demonstrate that the proposed protection has high accuracy.

scholarly journals Comparison of chemotherapy with immunotherapy for maintenance of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children and adults

Blood ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 606-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
PA Stryckmans ◽  
J Otten ◽  
MJ Delbeke ◽  
S Suciu ◽  
D Fiere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Consolidation Chemotherapy ◽  
Disease Free Interval ◽  
Free Interval ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Disease Free ◽  
Leukemia In Children

Abstract Two hundred and seventeen patients, 1–50 yr old, with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in complete remission were randomized to receive a 1-yr consolidation chemotherapy of either type P, comprising 7 different drugs, or type M, consisting of methotrexate interspersed with prednisone and vincristine. Thereafter, they were randomized a second time to receive a 4-yr maintenance of either chemotherapy or immunotherapy, comprised of allogeneic blasts and bacillus Calmette- Guerin (BCG). Consolidation P caused more toxicity than consolidation M. However, comparison between the consolidation therapies P and M showed no significant difference, neither for disease-free interval nor for duration of survival. Chemotherapy showed more lethal toxicity in adults than in children. Comparison between chemotherapy (C) and immunotherapy (I) as maintenance treatment showed a significant (p = 0.016) superiority of C for disease-free interval (DFI). The difference was even more pronounced (p = 0.009) in the group with less than 8 g/dl of hemoglobin (Hb) at diagnosis before therapy. On the other hand, for patients with more than 8 g/dl Hb at diagnosis, presumably those with T- ALL, no difference in DFI was seen. No difference has been seen so far between maintenance therapies I and C concerning the duration of survival. The patients who were receiving maintenance I when they relapsed and who were consequently retreated by chemotherapy, survived longer from relapse than those patients retreated for relapse while receiving maintenance C.

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