scholarly journals Effects of Nitrogenous Fertilization and some Insecticides on the Natural Enemies of Transgenic Bt Cotton Pests

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. e948
Author(s):  
Mamoun Fadlelmawla ◽  
Azhari Abdelbagi ◽  
Abd Elaziz Ishag ◽  
Ahmed Hammad ◽  
Jang-Hyun Hur
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chrysoperla Carnea ◽  
Bt Cotton ◽  
Percentage Reduction ◽  
Cotton Pests ◽  
Field Assessment ◽  
Chemical Groups

Field assessment of integrated management of BT cotton pests was carried out in two consecutive seasons; 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 in the experimental research farm of the Kassala University, Sudan. Four insecticides (imidacloprid, abamectin, profenofos, and lufenuron) from different chemical groups and with a different mode of action and three levels (43.81 kgha-1, 87.62 kgha-1, and 131.43 kgha-1) of soil-applied nitrogen were tested in the IPM package. Insecticides were applied at the recommended doses. A total of 7 weekly counts of prevailing natural enemies [Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) and Aenasius bambawalei Hayat] were carried out for 4 weeks before spraying and 3 weeks post spraying starting the 3rd week from spraying. Results indicated that nitrogen level exerted no significant effects on the populations of prevailing natural enemies; C. carnea and A. bambawalei. Based on average post spray counts and percentage reduction over the control, all insecticide treatments significantly reduced the population of the natural enemies. Imidacloprid and profenofos exerted the highest reduction of C. carnea population followed by abamectin and lufenuron (56.03, 48.25, 07.78 and 06.61% respectively) in the first season, while profenofos, imidacloprid, lufenuron, and abamectin induced the highest reductions (55.94, 45.05, 17.57 and 17.33% respectively) in the second season. On the other hand, reductions in A. bambawalei population (abundant in season 1 only) followed the order; imidacloprid, lufenuron, abmectin, and profenofos (03.95, 02.63, 202.63, and 01.32%, respectively). Interactions between nitrogen fertilization and insecticide were not significant as measured by the population of prevailing natural enemies.

scholarly journals Efficacité Du Kaolin (Kalaba) Dans La Gestion Intégrée Des Chenilles Endocarpiques Du Cotonnier Dans La Zone Centre Du Bénin

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
G. Bonni ◽  
T. Houndete ◽  
A. Paraïso ◽  
A. Hougni
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Control ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
The Other ◽  
Untreated Plot ◽  
Cotton Pests ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Gestion Intégrée ◽  
Zone Centre ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Chlorpyrifos Ethyl

The study on the efficacy of Kaolin in the integrated management of the endocarpiques larvae of cotton was undertaken in the center of Benin. The objective of the work was to evaluate the potentiality of Kaolin in the control of some endocarpiques larvae of the cotton plant. To achieve this goal, a Fisher block device with 4 treatments and 4 repetitions were set up on two sites. The treatments developed consisted of an untreated plot ; a plot treated with Lambdacyalothrine 15 g/l - chlorpyrifos ethyl 300 g/l; a plot treated with kaolin 5% and another one with the mixture kaolin + Lambdacyalothrine 15 g/l - chlorpyrifos ethyl 300 g/l. The treatment with kaolin was achieved with a back, maintained pressure sprayer. Ten applications were conducted with the kaolin used alone and 6 with the other objects. Results showed that there is no significant difference between the average number of larvae recorded in the plots treated with kaolin and plots which served as control of reference (Lambdacyalothrine 15 g/l - chlorpyrifos ethyl 300 g/l at 1 l/ha). It was the same for the percentage of attacked green capsules and cotton seed production. The effect of kaolin in the control of Haritalodes derogata was low (11.6% of plants attacked against 0.1 % for the chemical reference control and 22.9 % for the untreated plot). The results of Kaolin associated with the binary acaricide, showed that the number of endocarpiques larvae has been significantly reduced compared to the reference control. This study indicates that kaolin can be used like other biological pesticides, as alternative to chemical control and then, constituted an important component of the integrated cotton pests management.

Identification of mealybugs, soft scale insects and their predators in vineyards across the savannah agro-ecological region of Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
A.M. Zongoma ◽  
D.B. Dangora ◽  
M. Sétamou ◽  
M.D. Alegbejo ◽  
O.J. Alabi
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Universal Primers ◽  
Grapevine Virus ◽  
Maconellicoccus Hirsutus ◽  
Anagyrus Kamali ◽  
Leafroll Disease ◽  
Ecological Region

Insect-vectored viruses are a major threat to grapevine production but there is a dearth of information on the occurrence and distribution of key grapevine pests in Nigeria. The recent detection of grapevine leafroll associated virus-1 (GLRaV-1), a known insect-vectored ampelovirus, in Nigeria elevates the importance of the identification of its potential vectors as a precursor to assessing the risk of grapevine leafroll disease spread. This study was conducted to determine the occurrence and diversity of potential vectors of grapevine viruses and their natural enemies in vineyards across the savannah agro-ecological region of Nigeria. Forty vineyard and nursery locations were surveyed during 2016 and 45 arthropod samples were collected. The samples were first morphologically identified, and DNA barcoding was conducted on a subset of 16 representative samples using universal primers specific to the Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase subunit I (mtCOI) gene of most insects. The results indicated the presence of two species of scale insects (Parasaissetia nigra and Saissetia coffeae) and two mealybug species (Maconellicoccus hirsutus and Ferrisia virgata), some ofwhich are potential grapevine virus vectors, in Nigerian vineyards. In addition, the natural enemies of these insect species were detected which includes three species of parasitoids (Anagyrus kamali, Anagyrus pseudococci and Encarsia inaron) and one predator (Hyperaspidius mimus). While the detection of mealybugs and scale insects underscore the risk of vector-mediated virus spread in Nigerian vineyards, the identification of their natural enemies indicates presence of natural biological control agents to facilitate an integrated management of economically important grapevine virus diseases in the country. Keywords: Mealybugs; scale insects; parasitoids and predators; insect vectors; grapevine viruses.

scholarly journals Perilaku Dan Musuh Alami Kupu Endemik Sulawesi Papilio blumei: Acuan dalam Konservasi

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
SULFIANTO ALIAS ◽  
RC HIDAYAT SOESILOHADI
Keyword(s):  
Life Table ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
National Park ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Mating Strategies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Foraging Activity ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Mortality Factors ◽  
K Value

<p class="5abstrak"><em>Papilio</em><em> blumei</em> is an endemic butterfly of Sulawesi and especially in Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park. This research was to observed of the behaviour and natural enemies of <em>P. blumei</em> in Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park. The behaviour of the insect were mating, foraging, competiting, ovipositing and mud-puddling. Life table was used for analysis of mortality factors, therefore the number of mortality was analyzed by key-factors formulation. The result indicated that mating strategies is patrolling. Foraging activity of the sixth instar was the highest compared to the other instars and the lowest one activity of the prapupa stadium of <em>P. blumei</em>. Nectar host plants for the imago of butterfly were <em>Sarcosephalum latifolius</em> and <em>Eugenia sp</em>. There was <em>Scudderia sp</em>. as an interspesific competitor for larval <em>P. blumei</em>. The intraspesific competitor of the imago stage was male of <em>P. blumei</em>. Female <em>P. blumei</em> laid eggs on abaxial leaf <em>E.hupehensis</em> and the eggs hatched after six days. The larva of  <em>P. blumei</em> has a overheating behaviour and the adults has a mud puddling. The natural enemies of <em>P.blumei </em>is <em>Trichogramma</em> sp., with k value = 0.381, <em>Pteromalus </em>sp., with k value = 0.125 and <em>Formica </em>sp., with k value = 0.096.</p>

scholarly journals Incidence of leaf rot disease in relation to root (wilt) in young coconut palms and fungi in lamina and petiole lesions

CORD ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (02) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
N. Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Leaf Petiole ◽  
Exserohilum Rostratum ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Leaf Rot

Coconut leaf rot in association with root (wilt) is widespread in southern districts of Kerala, India. The disease complex has spread to northern districts of the state and also adjacent districts in Tamil Nadu. Where as the root (wilt) is a systemic infection (due to phytoplasma) the leaf rot is a foliar syndrome due to fungi (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Exserohilum rostratum, Fusarium spp.). Occurrence of leaf rot has been related to the incidence of root (wilt) and its appearance in young palms remained a matter of contention as to which disease precedes the other. Leaf rot lesions do occur on leaf petiole/mid-vein/mid-rib even as the disease lesions are known to be common on lamina (spindles). Investigations brought out that in majority of leaf rot affected young palms (2-5 years old) the flaccidity symptom of root (wilt) could be also discerned. In lesser number of affected palms, the other symptoms of root (wilt), yellowing and marginal necrosis, were also visible. As such, in 88.5% of leaf rot affected young palms one or the other symptom of root (wilt) has been recorded irrespective of season. C. gloeosporioides, E. rostratum and other fungi were found both in lamina and petiole lesions in different months. C. gloeosporioides was detected from petiole and lamina tissues in all the months, followed by E. rostratum, Fusarium spp. etc. C. gloeosporioides was isolated from these parts in more numbers and consistently during January-December. E. rostratum appeared erratically. Aggressiveness of C. gloeosporioides during months of wet season was confirmed. Fusarium spp. was isolated predominantly from these parts in dry months (January-May). Knowledge on occurrence of leaf rot in young palms in relation to root (wilt) and dynamics of leaf rot pathogens in leaf parts among months/seasons of year (in inoculums build-up, spread and dissemination) are important in the context of integrated management of root (wilt)-leaf rot complex.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Flower and Grass Strips for Augmentation of Beneficial Arthropods in Apple Orchards

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaoke Dong ◽  
Mengjing Xia ◽  
Cheng Li ◽  
Baofeng Mu ◽  
Zhiyong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Habitat Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
The Other ◽  
Alternative Prey ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Beneficial Arthropods ◽  
Arthropod Predators

Sowing plants that provide food resources in orchards is a potential habitat management practice for enhancing biological control. Flowering plants (providing pollen and nectar) and grasses (providing alternative prey) can benefit natural enemies in orchards; however, little is known about their relative importance. We studied the effect of management practices (flower strips, grass strips, and spontaneous grass) on arthropod predators under organic apple management regimes in apple orchards in Beijing, China. Orchards located at two different sites were assessed for 3 years (2017–2019). The cover crops had a significant impact on the abundance and diversity of arthropod predators. The grass treatment consistently supported significantly greater densities of alternative prey resources for predators, and predators were more abundant in the grass than in the other treatments. The Shannon–Wiener diversity was significantly higher for the cover crop treatment than for the control. Community structure was somewhat similar between the grass and control, but it differed between the flower treatment and grass/control. Weak evidence for an increase in mobile predators (ladybirds and lacewings) in the orchard canopy was found. Ladybirds and lacewings were more abundant in the grass treatment than in the other treatments in 2019 only, while the aphid abundance in the grass treatment was lowest. The fact that grass strips promoted higher predator abundance and stronger aphid suppression in comparison to the flower strips suggests that providing alternative prey for predators has great biocontrol service potential. The selection of cover crops and necessary management for conserving natural enemies in orchards are discussed in this paper.

scholarly journals Flight period of some parasitoids and a predator of the olive black scale (Saissetia oleae Olivier) on Corfu island

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Μ. V. Macropodi
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Flight Period ◽  
Chilocorus Bipustulatus ◽  
Black Scale ◽  
Saissetia Oleae ◽  
Time Of Year

The time of year the adults (flight period) of the parasitoids of S. oleae: Μetaphycus helvolus, Μetaphycus lounsburyi, Scutelista cyanea and Moranila californica and the predator Chilocorus bipustulatus are present, was determined in three areas of Corfu island: Lima, Kontocali and Avliotes. M. helvolus apparently has two flight periods: the first is from A­pril till July and the second from November till December. All the other natural enemies have only one flight period per year. The flight period of M. lounsburyi is from April till August, while S. cyanea flies from August till the end of September or the first days of Oc­tober, and M. californica adults are present from July till the middle of December. Adults of C. bipustulatus appeared from July till December or the middle of January.

The State of the Art in Management Studies Applicable to Aerospace Activities

1967 ◽  
Vol 71 (677) ◽  
pp. 338-342
Author(s):  
G. P. Dollimore
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
General Management ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
A Company

Perhaps I should start as earlier speakers have done with a disclaimer to the effect that I am not putting my thoughts forward as those of an expert in all fields of management. I am perhaps fortunate in having been concerned with projects which lend themselves to experiments in the use of integrated management techniques, and also in the operation of a company which, because of its medium size—a thousand or so strong—and its type of business, is just large enough on one hand to justify a reasonably sophisticated approach to general management and, on the other, small enough for one to see the effects of changes in approach. It is on this basis that I shall make my comments.

An integrated process-based approach to intellectual capital management

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1833-1850
Author(s):  
Oksana Lentjušenkova ◽  
Inga Lapiņa
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Management System ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
The Other ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Stakeholder Interests ◽  
The Impact

PurposeNowadays, the aspects of the intellectual capital (IC) management have become important, valuing it as an integral part of the organisation. Researchers emphasise the strategic importance of IC management, particularly in the context of satisfying the stakeholders' interests and value creation. However, the existing studies reflect individual elements of IC management, not analysing them as a system which is a part of the organisational management system, and hence it is impossible to draw valid conclusions on the impact of IC on the organisation's performance. The aim of the paper is to describe an approach to the elaboration of the IC management strategy and its integration into the organisation's management system.Design/methodology/approachThe developed approach is based on a holistic and systemic view of the organisation, where IC management is integrated into the organisation's management . This approach is based on the structure of IC developed by Lentjušenkova and Lapina (2016). In this structure, business processes are the IC component that unites the other three ones – human capital, technologies and intangible assets. The study has used induction and deduction, as well as analytical and synthetic qualitative research methods, including logical constructive and conceptual (concept) analysis.FindingsElaborating the organisational strategy by taking into account the stakeholder interests, the organisation is able to ensure sustainable development. Using the integrated management approach, IC management is integrated into the organisation's activities and joint operational strategy. In this case, IC management becomes an integral part of the organisation's activities functioning in conjunction with the other organisation's systems, and it is integrated into all ongoing business processes.Research limitations/implicationsThe approach the authors have proposed to IC management could be adapted by small and medium-sized companies. Using it, companies do not need to create special functional units or division, because IC becomes an integral part of organisation's processes.Originality/valueIn previous studies, business processes were considered as one of the components of IC. In the study’s approach, business processes imply integration of IC into the overall organisation management system. As a framework for the proposed approach, the authors have used the Deming cycle “Plan-Do-Check-Act” that envisages dividing the development and implementation of the IC management and development strategy into four phases, with a clear allocation of tasks and a defined outcome for each individual phase. To use this approach, it is enough for organisations to conduct an analysis of processes and, depending on the strategic goals of the organisation, make additions related to managing IC.

Notes on Insects, Especially Gymnaetron spp. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Associated with Toadflax, Liniaria vulgaris Mill. (Scrophulariaceae), in North America

1959 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Morris Smith
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Biological Control ◽  
North America ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Linaria Vulgaris ◽  
Canadian Provinces

Linaria vulgaris Mill., known commonly as toadflax or butter-and-eggs, is worldwide in its distribution but is a serious weed only in the Canadian provinces of Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba (Zilke and Coupland, 1954), where it is increasing in importance (Beck, 1954; Carder, 1956; Forbes, 1957). Smith (1956) correlated its relative insignificance as a weed in the other provinces and in the northwestern United States with the occurrence of the curculionid beetle Gylmnaetron antirrhini (Payk.). Investigations on this and other insects that feed on toadflax and an evaluation of their possible use as biological control agents are reported in this paper; also included are some observations on the weedand its natural enemies made since 1950 in all provinces west of Quebec and in the northwestern United States.

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