scholarly journals The influence of the Mediterranean diet on glucose metabolism

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 430-433
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Mielniczek
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Extra Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Dietary Polyphenols ◽  
The Mediterranean

Introduction: Insulin resistance is the first stage of diabetes development. It has been defined as a dysmetabolic state in which the biological response of target tissues (particularly liver, muscle and adipose tissue) to circulating insulin is impaired. This leads to hyperinsulinemia, which in turn leads to obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). The basic ingredients of the Mediterranean diet, such as fruit, vegetables, fish rich in fat, extra virgin olive oil, tree nuts, red wine, have been defined in the functional food model by the natural content of nutraceuticals such as polyphenols, terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, sterols and unsaturated fatty acids. Purpose of the work : Demonstrate the beneficial effects of implementing the Mediterranean diet in patients with insulin resistance or type 2 diabetes. The appropriate samples were accessed using a search engine in the PubMed database. The reviews and meta-analyzes published over the last 10 years were used. Results: After changing the diet to a diet rich in these nutrients, a greater improvement in IR was shown in obese people compared to other diets. In addition, dietary polyphenols demonstrated clinically significant benefits in metabolic and microvascular functions leading to lowering of fasting cholesterol and glucose, and anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in high-risk and T2DM patients. Conclusions: Mediterranean diets with the addition of extra virgin olive oil or nuts reduced total body weight and improved glucose metabolism.

scholarly journals Dietary Polyphenols, Mediterranean Diet, Prediabetes, and Type 2 Diabetes: A Narrative Review of the Evidence

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Guasch-Ferré ◽  
Jordi Merino ◽  
Qi Sun ◽  
Montse Fitó ◽  
Jordi Salas-Salvadó
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Dietary Polyphenols ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Polyphenol Intake

Dietary polyphenols come mainly from plant-based foods including fruits, vegetables, whole grains, coffee, tea, and nuts. Polyphenols may influence glycemia and type 2 diabetes (T2D) through different mechanisms, such as promoting the uptake of glucose in tissues, and therefore improving insulin sensitivity. This review aims to summarize the evidence from clinical trials and observational prospective studies linking dietary polyphenols to prediabetes and T2D, with a focus on polyphenol-rich foods characteristic of the Mediterranean diet. We aimed to describe the metabolic biomarkers related to polyphenol intake and genotype-polyphenol interactions modulating the effects on T2D. Intakes of polyphenols, especially flavan-3-ols, and their food sources have demonstrated beneficial effects on insulin resistance and other cardiometabolic risk factors. Several prospective studies have shown inverse associations between polyphenol intake and T2D. The Mediterranean diet and its key components, olive oil, nuts, and red wine, have been inversely associated with insulin resistance and T2D. To some extent, these associations may be attributed to the high amount of polyphenols and bioactive compounds in typical foods conforming this traditional dietary pattern. Few studies have suggested that genetic predisposition can modulate the relationship between polyphenols and T2D risk. In conclusion, the intake of polyphenols may be beneficial for both insulin resistance and T2D risk.

scholarly journals The Pivotal Role of Oleuropein in the Anti-Diabetic Action of the Mediterranean Diet: A Concise Review

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Andrea Da Porto ◽  
Gabriele Brosolo ◽  
Viviana Casarsa ◽  
Luca Bulfone ◽  
Laura Scandolin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Extra Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Medline Search ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
The Mediterranean

Type 2 diabetes currently accounts for more than 90% of all diabetic patients. Lifestyle interventions and notably dietary modifications are one of the mainstays for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes. In this context, the Mediterranean diet with its elevated content of phytonutrients has been demonstrated to effectively improve glucose homeostasis. Oleuropein is the most abundant polyphenolic compound contained in extra-virgin olive oil and might account for some of the anti-diabetic actions of the Mediterranean diet. With the aim to provide an overview of the possible contributions of oleuropein to glucose metabolism, we conducted a PubMed/Medline search in order to provide an update to the available evidence regarding this interesting compound. This narrative review summarizes the data that was obtained in in vitro and animal studies and the results of clinical investigations. Preclinical studies indicate that oleuropein improves glucose transport, increases insulin sensitivity, and facilitates insulin secretion by pancreatic β-cells, thereby supporting the hypothesis of the possible benefits of the control of hyperglycemia. However, on the clinical side, the available evidence is still preliminary and requires more extensive investigations. Thus, many questions remain unanswered in regards to the potential benefits of oleuropein in diabetes prevention and treatment. These questions should be addressed in appropriately designed studies in the future.

scholarly journals Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO): Quality, Safety, Authenticity, and Adulteration

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 995
Author(s):  
Theodoros Varzakas
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Extra Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

The prevention and bioactivity effects associated with the so-called “Mediterranean diet” make olive oil the most consumed edible fat in the food intake of the Mediterranean basin [...]

scholarly journals Diet and Oxidative Status. The Dietary Pattern and Urinary 8-Isoprostane in Healthy Spanish Women

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 271
Author(s):  
Ruiz ◽  
Segarra ◽  
Lara ◽  
Ramírez-Sánchez ◽  
Prieto
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Extra Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Oxidative Status ◽  
Total Polyphenols ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Total Intake ◽  
Spanish Women ◽  
The Mediterranean

The Mediterranean diet is associated with a low incidence of physiologic and metabolic non-communicable diseases such as hypertension, obesity, and insulin resistance. These chronic diseases are closely related to oxidative status, which is determined by the balance between oxidant and antioxidant levels. The Mediterranean diet is rich in foods with important antioxidant properties, such as fruits and extra virgin olive oil. The aim of this work was to establish the relationship between dietary patterns, the total intake of polyphenols, and the levels of 8-isoprostanes in urine, as a marker of lipid peroxidation, in a group of healthy Spanish women. The main sources of dietary polyphenols were fruits, vegetables, pulses, nuts, and extra virgin olive oil. There was a significant and positive correlation between the estimated intake of polyphenols, total polyphenols excreted in urine, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and the intake of specific food groups. A positive correlation was established between the total polyphenols in urine and the intake of raw extra virgin olive oil. However, a negative correlation was established between the amount of 8-isoprostanes in urine, total intake of polyphenols, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and the intake of fruits and nuts. These results indicate an association between oxidative status and the intake of foods that are typical of the Mediterranean diet, in healthy women. Furthermore, the results demonstrate the use of urine 8-isoprostanes as a marker of adherence to the Mediterranean diet.

scholarly journals Healthy Alternatives of the Mediterranean Diet in Latvia

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 315-319
Author(s):  
Andrejs Ērglis ◽  
Iveta Mintāle ◽  
Anete Dinne
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Extra Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
The Mediterranean

Abstract The milestone of illness prophylaxis is a healthy lifestyle, which is composed of regular physical activity and a healthy diet. Following the Mediterranean diet for two years has been shown to have significant decrease in cardiovascular death by 9%, cancer by 6%, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's by 13%. This diet helps to control the perfect weight, improves lipid profile and diminishes the risk of diabetes. The Mediterranean diet consists of extra virgin olive oil, vegetables and fruit, wholegrain products, legumes, nuts and seeds, dairy products (with no other sources of fat other than milk fat), fish (at least twice a week), poultry, veal, pork in limited amount, and eggs - 0-4 per week. It is possible to adapt this kind of alimentation in the Nordic countries, but it is important to find products grown there with similar nutritional characteristics. Nowadays, fresh fruits and vegetables can be bought all year round, but it is essential to use seasonal products. In Latvia, at this point, attention should be brought to more efficient storage and conservation. We have a vast variety of legumes and cereals. The selection of dairy products should be bigger and of higher quality, because you rarely see local cheeses made in an artisanal manner at the marketplaces. There is good availability of saltwater fish in the cities, but in the countryside the only fish one can buy is salted and smoked, having exaggeratedly high amounts of salt. Consumption of meat and its products should be lowered to a maximum of three times per week. A special attention should be brought to game (such as deer), because it contains low levels of cholesterol and higher amounts of unsaturated fatty acids due to the alimentation of wild herbs. Unfortunately, there is a lack of good quality oil in Latvia, because no other product can be compared to the nutritious components of extra virgin olive oil and its effects on cardiovascular health. Consumption of high amounts of olive oil decreases the incidence of stroke by 41%. Education should be conducted widely to promote tradition and gastronomic heritage as a cultural aspect. Healthy lifestyle has to be visible to everyone at any time as a constant reminder of its importance.

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