scholarly journals Comparative Stratigraphic and Geochronological Evolution of the Northern Damara Supergroup in Namibia and the Katanga Supergroup in the Lufilian Arc of Central Africa

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy McG. Miller

The Damara Supergroup in Namibia and the Katanga Supergroup in the Central African Copperbelt (some 1000 km apart) are characterized by rock successions indicative of almost coeval orogenic evolution through phases of intracontinental rifting, spreading, continental rupture, subduction, ocean closure and continental collision in what appears to have been a single, elongate orogenic belt. Rifting began at about 880 Ma and lasted until about 800 or 756 Ma. Post-rift thermal sag and marine transgression produced the first correlatable stratigraphic units, the argillaceous Beesvlakte and Ore Shale Formations, in northern, carbonate-dominated platformal successions on the Damaran Northern Platform and the Katangan Lufilian Arc or Fold Belt, respectively. Sturtian (~735 Ma) and Marinoan (635 Ma) glacial units are common to both successions as well as syntectonic molasse sequences (~595–550 Ma). Continental collision occurred at about 542 Ma and the post-tectonic peak of regional metamorphism was at about 535–530 Ma. Mineral ages record cooling to about 460 Ma. The extensive occurrence of stratabound, but not stratiform, copper mineralization, evaporitic minerals, salt and thrust tectonics, syntectonic breccias, and intense alteration in the Lufilian Arc have no significant equivalents in the Northern Platform. However, the Beesvlakte Formation has both concordant and strongly discordant styles of copper mineralization and the mode of occurrence of mineralization in the Copperbelt can be a guide to exploration in Namibia.SOMMAIRELe Supergroupe de Damara en Namibie et le Supergroupe de Katanga de la bande cuprifère d’Afrique centrale (distant de 1 000 km) sont caractérisés par des successions de roches montrant une évolution orogénique presque contemporaines dans leurs phases de distension intracontinentale, d’expansion, de rupture continentale, de subduction, de fermeture océanique et de collision continentale, dans ce qui semble avoir été une seule et même bande orogénique étroite. La distension a débutée il y a environ 880 Ma et s’est prolongé jusqu’à 800 Ma ou 756 Ma. Le fléchissement thermique post-distension et la transgression marine ont donné les premières unités stratigraphiques corrélables, soit la Formation argileuse de Beesvlakte et la Formation de Ore Shale, de la portion nord des successions de plateforme principalement carbonatées sur la Plateforme nord de Damaran et de l’Arc ou de la bande plissée de Katangan Lufilian respectivement. Les unités glaciaires de Sturtian (~735 Ma) et de Marinoan (635 Ma) sont communes aux deux successions, tout comme les séquences de molasses syntectoniques (~595–550 Ma). La collision continentale s’est produite il y a environ 542 Ma et le pic post-tectonique de métamorphisme régional a eu lieu il y a environ 535 à 530 Ma. Selon les datations minérales, le refroidissement s’est produit il y a environ 460 Ma. La prépondérance du contexte stratoïde plutôt que stratiforme des minéralisations de cuivre, des minéraux d’évaporites, de sel et de tectonique de compression, de brèches syntectoniques, et d’altération intense dans l’Arc de Lufilian, n’a pas d’équivalent dans la plateforme du nord. Cependant, la Formation de Beesvlakte présente des minéralisations de cuivre qui sont ou concordantes, ou fortement discordantes, et le mode d’occurrence de la minéralisation dans le bande cuprifère peut servir de guide à l’exploration en Namibie. 

Results of new geological mapping with the help of air and satellite photo­graphy in Sudan together with information from adjacent territories has enabled a map to be drawn showing the dominant basement tectonic trends in a previously geologically unknown area. Over 100 age deter­minations, including 25 unpublished analyses, allow the recognition of Eburnian age events in Central Africa Republic and southeast Libya similar to the 1950 million year (Ma) old Ruwenzori Belt in Uganda and similar events in Zaire. A northeast trending fold belt is recognized in Central Africa, western Sudan and southeast Egypt in which 1000 Ma ages are found. The Pan African age Mozambique belt truncates older structures in eastern Uganda and southern Sudan but is covered by a greenschist volcanic assemblage along the Red Sea coast in which 550 ± 150 Ma old granites and regional metamorphism occur.


1958 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 393-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Trevelyan Harry

SynopsisBarrow describes from Glen Clova an important Older Granite intrusion, the muscovite-biotite-gneiss which he holds responsible for the formation of staurolite, kyanite and sillimanite zones of progressive regional metamorphism in the district. He states that the gneiss was filter-pressed during emplacement so that potash was strained off and concentrated in the south-eastern outcrops of the intrusion leaving its north-western portions enriched in soda. He claims that by the same process the separate intrusive areas comprising the gneiss have often been marginally enriched in potash and pegmatite.The factual basis of the filter-press hypothesis does not withstand careful re-examination. The individual intrusive areas of muscovite-biotite-gneiss bear no marginal zones of potash and pegmatite enrichment like those envisaged by Barrow. The muscovite-biotite-gneiss in its entirety comprises two distinct units, a heterogeneous group of banded quartz-oligoclase-mica-gneisses that were intensely deformed plastically during high-grade metamorphism, and a later series of non-migmatitic microcline-granite intrusions. In neither unit can any regular variation in potash/soda ratio be detected in passing directly from north-west to south-east.New data are provided concerning the distribution and mode of occurrence of Barrow's metamorphic zonal index minerals. Sillimanite, as fibrolite, often replaces mica and accompanies kyanite in specimens from many localities.


1975 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Sinha ◽  
Thomas Frisch

The first Precambrian ages from the Northern Ellesmere Fold Belt are reported. Six rocks from the largest gneiss terrain in northern Ellesmere Island yield a Late Precambrian age (minimum 742 ± 12 m.y.) of regional metamorphism. Relatively high initial 87Sr/86Sr suggests that the rocks were derived from crustal materials.


1977 ◽  
Vol 114 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Dagger

SummaryAnalysis of the fracture pattern in the Coniston area of the Lake District indicates that copper mineralization is localized in a series of fractures produced during the main phase of deformation affecting the Borrowdale Volcanic Series. Three events are recognized on the basis of field and textural evidence obtained from polished sections: an early haematite mineralization, correlated with the low grade regional metamorphism affecting the rocks; the main phase of sulphide mineralization, with zoning, which is correlated with a granite intrusion at depth; and a late renewed movement on the veins, with carbonate mineralization, believed to be related to uplift of the granite.


1993 ◽  
Vol 130 (5) ◽  
pp. 613-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Merriman ◽  
T. C. Pharaoh ◽  
N. H. Woodcock ◽  
P. Daly

AbstractWhite mica (illite) crystallinity data, derived mostly from borehole samples, have been used to generate a contoured metamorphic map of the concealed Caledonide fold belt of eastern England and the foreland formed by the Midlands Microcraton. The northern subcrop of the fold belt is characterized by epizonal phyllites and quartzites of possible Cambrian age, whereas anchizonal grades characterize Silurian to Lower Devonian strata of the Anglian Basin in the southern subcrop of the fold belt. Regional metamorphism in the Anglian Basin resulted from deep burial and Acadian deformation beneath a possible overburden of 7 km, assuming a metamorphic field gradient of 36 °C km-1. Late Proterozoic volcaniclastic rocks forming the basement of the microcraton show anchizonal to epizonal grades that probably developed during late Avalonian metamorphism. Cambrian to Tremadoc strata, showing late diagenetic alteration, rest on the basement with varying degrees of metamorphic discordance. During early Palaeozoic times, much of the microcraton was a region of slow subsidence with overburden thicknesses of 3.3–5.5 km. However, concealed Tremadoc strata in the northeast of the microcraton reach anchizonal grades and may have been buried to depths of 7 km beneath an overburden of uncertain age.


2012 ◽  
Vol 101 (7) ◽  
pp. 1689-1703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sébastien Owona ◽  
Marion Tichomirowa ◽  
Lothar Ratschbacher ◽  
Joseph Mvondo Ondoa ◽  
Dieudonné Youmen ◽  
...  

1981 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 151-160
Author(s):  
B. T. Hansen ◽  
R. H. Steiger ◽  
A. K. Higgins

Rb-Sr, U-Pb and K-Ar analyses on rocks and minerals from a tectonic window below a Caledonian thrust sheet in the westernmost part of the Scoresby Sund region (70°-72°N) give evidence for a Precambrian age of formation. The Charco't Land supracrustal sequence rests on a basement that is probably of Archaean development and older than at least 2100 m.y. The major regional metamorphism of the supracrustal rocks is probably not much older than the intrusion of two post-kinematic bodies, i.e. about 1840 m.y. Low-grade metamorphism in a tillite and low-grade retrogressive overprinting of the supra­crustal rocks are related to Caledonian orogenesis.


Eos ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terri Cook

Evidence from collision zones suggests that the high temperatures that create regional zones of metamorphic minerals occur in wide, hot back arcs prior to continental collision deformation.


China Geology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
De Pesquidoux I Tchato Tchaptchet ◽  
◽  
Jacqueline Tchakounte ◽  
Aurelie Ngamy ◽  
Jean Pierre Tchouankoue ◽  
...  

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