Effect of Zero Drainage Using Drainage Zero Sensor on Root Zone Environment, Growth and Yield in Tomato Rockwool Culture

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 398-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeon-Hyeon Hwang ◽  
◽  
Chul-Geon An ◽  
Young-Ho Chang ◽  
Hae-Suk Yoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Zone ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Rockwool Culture

Reduced growth and yield of wheat with conservation cropping. I. Field studies in the first year of the cropping phase

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 511 ◽  
Author(s):  
JA Kirkegaard ◽  
JF Angus ◽  
PA Gardner ◽  
W Muller
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Rooting Depth ◽  
First Year ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Stubble Retention ◽  
Direct Drilling

An experiment was conducted on a red earth at Harden, N.S.W., to investigate the effects of tillage and stubble management on the growth and yield of wheat in the first year of conservation cropping. Treatments involved stubble-management systems of incorporation, burning or retention combined with tillage systems of either direct drilling or minimum tillage. The experiment was conducted on an oat stubble of 3.9 t ha-1. Direct drilling and stubble retention both reduced seedling growth by 15%, compared to cultivated and stubble burnt treatments, but had no effect on plant density or tillering. The effects on shoot growth were additive and persisted until maturity, leading to grain yields which varied from 2.16 t ha-1 for the stubble-mulched, direct-drilled treatment to 3.20 t ha-1 for the burned-stubble, minimum-till treatment. Direct drilling reduced the total root length in the profile (0-160 cm) at anthesis by 40%, but there was no effect of stubble retention. Reduced shoot growth and rooting depth on direct-drilled and stubble-retained treatments reduced the recovery of water and mineral N by the crop and increased the leaching of mineral N below the root zone. Early shoot growth reductions on direct-drilled plots were not related to levels of soil water, mineral nitrogen (N) or soil temperature. Reduced shoot growth was associated with increased severity of Rhizoctonia in some direct drilled plots, but growth reductions often occurred in the absence of obvious symptoms. High soil strength (>2 MPa) in the top 10 cm of soil may have contributed to reduced growth, although the exact mechanism remains unclear. Reduced growth associated with the presence of stubble was not caused by immobilization of N or increased leaf disease, although reduced soil temperatures may have been partly responsible.

scholarly journals Evaluating recycling fertilizers for tomato cultivation in hydroponics, and their impact on greenhouse gas emissions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aladdin Halbert-Howard ◽  
Franziska Häfner ◽  
Stefan Karlowsky ◽  
Dietmar Schwarz ◽  
Ariane Krause
Keyword(s):  
Root Zone ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Closed Chamber ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Mineral Mixture ◽  
Marketable Fruit

Abstract Soilless culture systems offer an environmentally friendly and resource-efficient alternative to traditional cultivation systems fitting within the scheme of a circular economy. The objective of this research was to examine the sustainable integration of recycling fertilizers in hydroponic cultivation—creating a nutrient cycling concept for horticultural cultivation. Using the nutrient film technique (NFT), three recycling-based fertilizer variants were tested against standard synthetic mineral fertilization as the control, with 11 tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Pannovy) per replicate (n = 4) and treatment: two nitrified urine-based fertilizers differing in ammonium/nitrate ratio (NH4+:NO3−), namely (1) “Aurin” (AUR) and (2) “Crop” (CRO); as well as (3) an organo-mineral mixture of struvite and vinasse (S+V); and (4) a control (NPK). The closed chamber method was adapted for gas fluxes (N2O, CH4, and CO2) from the root zone. There was no indication in differences of the total shoot biomass fresh matter and uptake of N, P and K between recycling fertilizers and the control. Marketable fruit yield was comparable between NPK, CRO and S+V, whereas lower yields occurred in AUR. The higher NH4+:NO3− of AUR was associated with an increased susceptibility of blossom-end-rot, likely due to reduced uptake and translocation of Ca. Highest sugar concentration was found in S+V, which may have been influenced by the presence of organic acids in vinasse. N2O emissions were highest in S+V, which corresponded to our hypothesis that N2O emissions positively correlate with organic-C input by the fertilizer amendments. Remaining treatments showed barely detectable GHG emissions. A nitrified urine with a low NH4+:NO3– (e.g., CRO) has a high potential as recycling fertilizer in NFT systems for tomato cultivation, and S+V proved to supply sufficient P and K for adequate growth and yield. Alternative cultivation strategies may complement the composition of AUR.

Unequal salt distribution in the root zone increases growth and yield of cotton

2010 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hehzong Dong ◽  
Xiangqiang Kong ◽  
Zhen Luo ◽  
Weijiang Li ◽  
Chengsong Xin
Keyword(s):  
Root Zone ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Salt Distribution

scholarly journals The effect of psychrotrophic bacteria isolated from the root zone of winter wheat on selected biotic and abiotic factors

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Wojciech Przemieniecki ◽  
Tomasz Paweł Kurowski ◽  
Karol Korzekwa ◽  
Anna Karwowska
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Psychrotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Rapd Pcr ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract The roots of winter wheat plants, cv. Mikon, grown in 45-year monoculture, were analysed in the study. Twenty-two bacterial isolates obtained from the rhizosphere, rhizoplane, and endorhizosphere that were capable of growth at 8°C and at 28°C, were selected for further analysis. The isolated psychrotrophs accounted for 25% of all bacteria present in the wheat rhizosphere and capable of growth at 8°C. Psychrotrophic bacteria were analysed at a temperature of 10°C and 28°C to determine their ability to inhibit the growth of pathogenic fungi, solubilise mineral phosphates, and to determine their ability to degrade chitin and cellulose. Similarity between the isolates was determined by Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus – Polymerase Chain Reaction (ERIC-PCR) and Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA – Polymerase Chain Reaction (RAPD-PCR). The majority of isolated psychrotrophs inhibited the growth of pathogenic fungi and solubilised mineral phosphates at both incubation temperatures. Psychrotrophic bacteria exerted a two-fold stronger inhibitory effect on mycelial growth at 10°C than at 28°C. The growth of Fusarium culmorum and F. oxysporum was inhibited to the highest extent at 10°C and at 28°C, respectively. Phosphate solubilisation rates were higher at 28°C, particularly in the rhizosphere. Regardless of temperature, the bacteria exhibited low chitin-degrading potential, and none of the isolates was capable of degrading cellulose. A high similarity between the selected psychrotrophs was revealed by ERIC-PCR and RAPD- -PCR analyses. Based on RAPD-PCR, the analysed population was divided into a group of isolates obtained from the rhizosphere, and two groups comprising representatives of both the rhizoplane and the endorhizosphere. Due to their ability to grow over a wide temperature range and increase phosphorus availability to plants, and their antagonism against pathogens, psychrotrophic bacteria can be used to improve the growth and yield of cereal crops.

scholarly journals PENGARUH WAKTU PEMBERIAN NUTRISI PADA PRODUKSI BENIH KENTANG SECARA AEROPONIK DENGAN APLIKASI ROOT ZONE COOLING DI DATARAN RENDAH TROPIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
Eni Sumarni ◽  
Noor Farid ◽  
Loekas Soesanto ◽  
Jajang Juansah
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Tuber Weight ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Root Area ◽  
Randomized Block Design

Planting potatoes in the tropical lowlands as an effort to reduce the adverse effects of planting in the highlands such as erosion, pests and plant diseases has been carried out and the tubers have been successfully obtained. Planting of potato seeds was carried out with an aeroponic system and climate modification in the root zone cooling environment. Climate modification is carried out at an altitude of 250 m asl and <125 m asl. The stability of the temperature in the aeroponic chamber can be maintained by regulating the time of spraying cold nutrients through the nozzles to the root area. However, the importance of the time to provide nutrition in order to maintain the optimal temperature of the root area in aeroponic systems in the lowlands has not been widely reported scientifically. The purpose of this study was to obtain the appropriate time for nutrition in order to maintain optimal chamber temperature and to have an effect on the growth and yield of potato seeds. The research was conducted in the greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto, Central Java, Indonesia. Height of place <125 m above sea level. The study was conducted from July to September 2017. The factors that were tried in the study were as follows: 1. Length of time for nutrition (T): T1: 2.5 minutes OFF and 15 minutes ON; T2: 5 minutes OFF, 15 minutes ON, T3: 10 minutes OFF, 15 minutes ON, T4: 15 minutes OFF, 15 minutes ON, 2. Varieties (V): V1 (Atlantic), V2 (Granola). Growth parameters observed: plant height, number of leaves, number of tubers, tuber weight. Experiment using a randomized block design with 3 replications. The data were analyzed by F test and continued with Duncan’s Multiple Range Testof 5% level.The results showed that the duration of nutrient administration by setting a timer gave different results on the growth and development of aeroponic plants of potato seeds in the lowlands 125 m above sea level. The duration of nutrition administration 2.5 minutes OFF gave the highest number of tubers and tuber weight compared to the duration of nutrition 5 minutes, 10 minutes and 15 minutes OFF. The number of tubers obtained is 7.3 tubers / plant with boto an average of 2 mg. The duration of nutrition is 5 minutes, 10 minutes and 15 minutes OFF does not produce tubers.

Response of Chickpea Cultivars to Water Stress in a Semi-arid Environment

1987 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. K. Sivakumar ◽  
Piara Singh
Keyword(s):  
Root Zone ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Evaporative Demand ◽  
Irrigation Regimes ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Chickpea Cultivars

SUMMARYThe combined effect of soil moisture stress in the root zone and atmospheric evaporative demand on the growth and yield of two chickpea cultivars was investigated using four sowing dates and three irrigation regimes within each sowing date during the 1980–81 and 1981–82 seasons at the ICRISAT research centre. Total water use was different for different irrigation regimes and sowing dates and there were differences in the total dry weight and seed yield of chickpea between the sowing dates and the irrigation regimes. The cultivars did not differ in dry matter production. However, cv. Annigeri yielded more than cv. L-550 under all irrigation regimes. Differences in seed weight were observed between irrigation regimes and sowing dates and there were interactions between sowing dates and cultivars and between irrigation regimes, sowing dates and cultivars. High air temperatures during the period from flowering to maturity reduced the time to maturity of late-sown chickpea and led to reduced seed size and lower yields. The efficiency of use of applied water was also low for the late-sown crop.

Responses of Tea (Camellia sinensis) to Irrigation and Fertilizer. II. water Use

1991 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Stephens ◽  
M. K. V. Carr
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Relative Reduction ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Annual Water

SummaryThe water use of clonal tea (Clone 6/8) in a line-source irrigation × nitrogen experiment in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania was monitored with a neutron probe during 1987 and 1988 to a depth of 3 m and 1989 to a depth of 5 m. The results for 1989 were used to calibrate a single layer water balance model which was then used to estimate water use for the preceding 1986, 1987 and 1988 dry seasons. In the model evapotranspiration was reduced linearly when the soil water deficit exceeded a critical value of 60 mm. The model predicted water use well for unirrigated, partially irrigated and fully irrigated treatments. Total extractable water was 330 to 350 mm in the 5.5 m deep root zone and estimated annual water use in 1988/89 ranged from 800 mm for unirrigated to 1200 mm for fully irrigated plots, of which about 400 mm was used in the wet season from December to April. Water use efficiencies were between 1 to 4 kg of made tea ha−1 mm−1, increasing with improving water and nutrient status. The slope (b) of the relation between the relative yield loss and the relative reduction in water use was very steep (b = 1.3) reflecting the sensitivity of shoot growth and yield of this clone to water stress.

scholarly journals Modelling plant yield and quality response of fresh-market spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) to mineral nitrogen availability in the root zone

2018 ◽  
pp. 248-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Massa ◽  
Luca Incrocci ◽  
Luca Botrini ◽  
Giulia Carmassi ◽  
Cecilia Diara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Yield And Quality

Spinach is one of the most important green-leafy vegetables, consumed worldwide, and its intake is beneficial for human beings. In this crop, produce yield and quality are closely related to plant nitrogen (N) nutrition. A precise supply of N is also essential for high environmental and economic sustainability. Main aims of the work were: i) to establish relationships between produce yield or quality and mineral N availability in the root zone; and ii) to define an optimal mineral N level to be maintained in the root zone for spinach. Eight experiments were carried out during a four-year-long period under typical Mediterranean climate conditions. Different amounts of N fertilisers were supplied leading to twenty different levels of mineral N in the root zone. Experimental measurements included climate parameters, plant growth, tissue and soil analyses, produce yield and quality indicators. A segmented linear model significantly represented the relationship between crop yield (1.7 to 21.7 t ha–1) and soil mineral N concentration (7.6 to 41.0 mg kg–1). Basing on this model, an optimal mineral N threshold was fixed at 23.4 mg kg–1. Above this threshold, crop yield did not show any significant variations as well as tissue characteristics and produce quality. Plants grown under suboptimal N levels showed reduction in growth, tissue mineral (nutrients) content, and SPAD index. The proposed models could be implemented in fertilisation protocols for the optimization of N supply and the estimation of spinach growth and yield.

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