Effect of Stem Number on Growth, Fruit Quality, and Yield of Sweet Peppers Grown in Greenhouses under Supplemental Lighting with High Pressure Sodium Lamps in Winter

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are an attractive alternative to high-pressure sodium (HPS) lamps for plant growth because of their energy-saving potential. However, the effects of supplementing broad-waveband solar light with narrow-waveband LED light on the sensory attributes of greenhouse-grown tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) are largely unknown. Three separate studies investigating the effect of supplemental light quantity and quality on physicochemical and organoleptic properties of greenhouse-grown tomato fruit were conducted over 4- or 5-month intervals during 2012 and 2013. Tomato cultivars Success, Komeett, and Rebelski were grown hydroponically within a high-wire trellising system in a glass-glazed greenhouse. Chromacity, Brix, titratable acidity, electrical conductivity (EC), and pH measurements of fruit extracts indicated plant response differences between lighting treatments. In sensory panels, tasters ranked tomatoes for color, acidity, and sweetness using an objective scale, whereas color, aroma, texture, sweetness, acidity, aftertaste, and overall approval were ranked using hedonic scales. By collecting both physicochemical as well as sensory data, this study was able to determine whether statistically significant physicochemical parameters of tomato fruit also reflected consumer perception of fruit quality. Sensory panels indicated that statistically significant physicochemical differences were not noticeable to tasters and that tasters engaged in blind testing could not discern between tomatoes from different supplemental lighting treatments or unsupplemented controls. Growers interested in reducing supplemental lighting energy consumption by using intracanopy LED (IC-LED) supplemental lighting need not be concerned that the quality of their tomato fruits will be negatively affected by narrow-band supplemental radiation at the intensities and wavelengths used in this study.

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GREENHOUSE ROSE SPACING UNDER HIGH INTENSITY SUPPLEMENTAL LIGHTING

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps77-016 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 57 (1) ◽

pp. 101-105 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

M. J. TSUJITA

Keyword(s):

High Pressure ◽

High Intensity ◽

Rosa Hybrida ◽

Continuous Illumination ◽

Plant Spacing ◽

Cut Flower ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Flower Number ◽

Plant Stem ◽

Supplemental Lighting

Four plant spacings of 0.07, 0.09, 0.12 and 0.18 m2/plant were evaluated for Rosa hybrida cv. Forever Yours cultured in a commercial greenhouse equipped with 400 W high pressure sodium lamps emitting 22 W/m2 of supplemental light/24 h or 2,500 lx/24 h continuous illumination. Cut flower yields of four harvests for 11 May 1975, 25 Dec. 1975, 14 Feb. 1976 and 9 May 1976 were similar among the four plant spacing treatments from the first harvest. Cut flower number per plant increased significantly with each increment in spacing per plant. Stem lengths were longer in the 0.12 and 0.18 m2/plant spacings for December and February harvests. Flower fresh weight was greater in the 0.18 m2/plant spacing for December, similar to the 0.12 m2/plant spacing for the February harvest but larger than the.07 and.09 m2/plant spacings. These results indicate that the yield of Forever Yours roses spaced at 0.12–0.18 m2/plant and cultured under high intensity supplemental lights can be maintained at a productive level comparable to that at the standard spacing of.09 m2/plant.

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Effect of high-pressure hot-water washing treatment on fruit quality, insects, and disease in apples and pears

Postharvest Biology and Technology ◽

10.1016/j.postharvbio.2006.01.008 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 40 (3) ◽

pp. 207-215 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Jinhe Bai ◽

Eugene A. Mielke ◽

Paul M. Chen ◽

Robert A. Spotts ◽

Maryna Serdani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Pressure ◽

Fruit Quality ◽

Hot Water ◽

Water Washing

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096 QUANTIFYING THE EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTAL LIGHTING ON PLANT TEMPERATURES IN GREENHOUSES

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.29.5.442a ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 29 (5) ◽

pp. 442a-442

Author(s):

James E. Faust ◽

Royal D. Heins

Keyword(s):

High Pressure ◽

Vapor Pressure ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Catharanthus Roseus ◽

Vapor Pressure Deficit ◽

Shoot Tip ◽

Total Radiation ◽

Degree Day ◽

Air Temperatures ◽

Supplemental Lighting

The effects of supplemental lighting on vinca (Catharanthus roseus L.) plant temperature were quantified in greenhouses maintained at air temperatures of 15. 25, and 35C. High-pressure sodium (HPS) lamps delivering 100 μmol·m-2·s-1 PPF provided 73 W · m-2 of total radiation (400 to 50,000 nm) to lighted plants. Plant shoot-tip temperature was measured by using 40-gauge thermocouples. Relative to air temperature, plant shoot-tip temperature depended on the irradiance and vapor-pressure deficit (VPD). Irrespective of VPD, the additional irradiance absorbed by plants under the HPS lamps increased plant temperature 1 to 2°C. Under relatively low VPD conditions (1 kPa), plant temperature was greater than air temperature, while under high VPD conditions (4 to 5 kPa), temperature of both lighted and unlighted plants remained below air temperature throughout the day. Temperature of lighted plants however, remained 1 to 2°C above that of unlighted plants. Analysis of a degree-day model of vinca development showed hastened development associated with supplemental lighting could be explained by increased plant temperature rather than any specific photosynthetic effect.

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Comparison of Intracanopy Light-emitting Diode Towers and Overhead High-pressure Sodium Lamps for Supplemental Lighting of Greenhouse-grown Tomatoes

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech.23.1.93 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 93-98 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

Celina Gómez ◽

Robert C. Morrow ◽

C. Michael Bourget ◽

Gioia D. Massa ◽

Cary A. Mitchell

Keyword(s):

High Pressure ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Energy Savings ◽

Light Emitting Diode ◽

Significant Proportion ◽

Fruit Production ◽

Light Sources ◽

Node Number ◽

Light Emitting ◽

Supplemental Lighting

Electric supplemental lighting can account for a significant proportion of total greenhouse energy costs. Thus, the objectives of this study were to compare high-wire tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) production with and without supplemental lighting and to evaluate two different lighting positions + light sources [traditional high-pressure sodium (HPS) overhead lighting (OHL) lamps vs. light-emitting diode (LED) intracanopy lighting (ICL) towers] on several production and energy-consumption parameters for two commercial tomato cultivars. Results indicated that regardless of the lighting position + source, supplemental lighting induced early fruit production and increased node number, fruit number (FN), and total fruit fresh weight (FW) for both cultivars compared with unsupplemented controls for a winter-to-summer production period. Furthermore, no productivity differences were measured between the two supplemental lighting treatments. The energy-consumption metrics indicated that the electrical conversion efficiency for light-emitting intracanopy lighting (LED-ICL) into fruit biomass was 75% higher than that for HPS-OHL. Thus, the lighting cost per average fruit grown under the HPS-OHL lamps was 403% more than that of using LED-ICL towers. Although no increase in yield was measured using LED-ICL, significant energy savings for lighting occurred without compromising fruit yield.

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GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND NITROGEN METABOLISM OF HYDROPONIC LETTUCE GROWN UNDER HPS SUPPLEMENTAL LIGHTING

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1152b ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 25 (9) ◽

pp. 1152b-1152

Author(s):

Linda Gaudreau ◽

Josée Charbonneau ◽

Louis-P. Vézina ◽

André Gosselin

Keyword(s):

High Pressure ◽

Nitrate Reductase ◽

Nitrate Reductase Activity ◽

Reductase Activity ◽

Natural Light ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Growth Development ◽

Supplemental Lighting ◽

Leaf Nitrate

Two cultivars (Karlo and Rosanna) of greenhouse lettuce were grown under different photosynthetic photon fluxes (PPF) and photoperiods provided by 400-W high–pressure sodium lamps. Natural light was compared to suppletmental lighting treatments providing either 50 or 100 μmol m-2-s-1 for photoperiods of 16, 20 or 24 h. Lettuce plants were grown in hydroponic gulleys using a standard nutrient solution. Plant fresh weights were measured every week for the duration of each culture grown between August 1989 and June 1990. The incidence of tipburn and the overall quality of the shoots were determined at the end of each crop. Leaf nitrate contents and nitrate reductase activity were measured for various lighting treatments. The highest fresh weight was obtained for the highest PPF and the longest photoperiod. However, these treatments were associated with a higher incidence of tipburn. Supplemental lighting reduced the leaf nitrate contents and affected the nitrate reductase activity.

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High pressure waterwashing to remove pests from capsicums

New Zealand Plant Protection ◽

10.30843/nzpp.2010.63.6551 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 63 ◽

pp. 118-122 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

L.E. Jamieson ◽

N.E.M. Page-Weir ◽

A. Chhagan ◽

S. Olsson ◽

P.G. Connolly

Keyword(s):

High Pressure ◽

New Zealand ◽

Fruit Quality ◽

Methyl Bromide ◽

Untreated Control ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Water Washing ◽

Pressure Water

Removal of pests on export fruit before packing using high pressure waterwashing is used commercially in New Zealand for apples and avocados and has the potential to be extended to other fruits and vegetables Mealybugs thrips and mites are intercepted on exported capsicums and the presence of species of quarantine importance results in methyl bromide fumigation which disrupts export reduces fruit quality and is costly The removal of mealybugs from naturally infested capsicums was measured after high pressure water washing at 50 75 100 125 150 175 or 200 psi and compared with results from an untreated control Before treatment capsicums had an average of 1237 live mealybugs per fruit At 3 days after high pressure waterwashing the numbers of live mealybugs on treated capsicums ranged from 38 to 118 per fruit resulting in 5885 reduction This compared with an average of 44 mealybugs on untreated capsicums at 3 days after treatment

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THE EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTAL LIGHTING ON WINTER FLOWERING OF TRANSPLANTED Gypsophila paniculata

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps86-086 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 66 (3) ◽

pp. 653-658 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

P. R. HICKLENTON

Keyword(s):

High Pressure ◽

Vegetative Growth ◽

Photon Flux ◽

Photosynthetic Photon Flux ◽

Night Time ◽

Low Level ◽

Long Day ◽

Gypsophila Paniculata ◽

Production Strategies ◽

Supplemental Lighting

Flowering of Gypsophila paniculata L. ’Bristol Fairy’ was promoted by supplemental lighting during the period September to February (fall) and January to June (spring) in greenhouses at latitude 45°N. Plants which received 42 or 63 d of night-time supplemental photosynthetic photon flux (PPF: 2000–0700 h; 93 μmol s−1 m−2 from high pressure sodium lamps) prior to transplanting flowered earlier and showed more vigorous vegetative growth than those subjected to only 21 d of supplemental PPF. Flowering did not occur in the fall crop for plants which received only low-level photoperiod extension lighting (8 μmol s−1 m−2, 2000–0700 h). Flowering in this cultivar is closely related to PPF during production as well as to photoperiod. Production strategies for northern greenhouses involving supplemental lighting treatments to plants prior to transplanting are suggested by these results.Key words: Gypsophila paniculata, supplemental lighting, flowering, long-day plant

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Effect of high-pressure hot water washing treatment on fruit quality, insects, and disease in apples and pears

Postharvest Biology and Technology ◽

10.1016/j.postharvbio.2006.01.009 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 40 (3) ◽

pp. 216-220 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Robert A. Spotts ◽

Maryna Serdani ◽

Eugene A. Mielke ◽

Jinhe Bai ◽

Paul M. Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Pressure ◽

Fruit Quality ◽

Hot Water ◽

Water Washing

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Photosynthetic Efficiency and Anatomical Structure of Pepper Leaf (Capsicum annuum L.) Transplants Grown under High-Pressure Sodium (HPS) and Light-Emitting Diode (LED) Supplementary Lighting Systems

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10101975 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 1975

Author(s):

Anna Sobczak ◽

Marzena Sujkowska-Rybkowska ◽

Janina Gajc-Wolska ◽

Waldemar Kowalczyk ◽

Wojciech Borucki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Pressure ◽

Chlorophyll A ◽

Chlorophyll A Fluorescence ◽

Light Emitting Diodes ◽

Photochemical Efficiency ◽

Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽

Light Emitting ◽

Fluorescence Measurements ◽

Supplemental Lighting ◽

Lighting Systems

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of various supplemental greenhouse lighting systems, i.e., high-pressure sodium lamps and mixtures of red and blue light-emitting diodes, on the photochemical efficiency, anatomical leaf structure, and growth of the two pepper cultivars. The intensity levels of the photosynthetically active radiation were the same for both light treatments. In this study, the relative chlorophyll content was measured. Additionally, certain parameters of chlorophyll a fluorescence were measured under ambient light or after dark adaptation. The obtained results showed that the application of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) as supplemental lighting positively affected the anatomical leaf characteristics and plant growth. The leaves of both pepper cultivars were thicker and had larger palisade parenchyma cells under LED supplemental lighting compared to leaves grown under high-pressure sodium (HPS) lamps. Moreover, the mesophyll cells of seedlings grown under LEDs contained more chloroplasts than those growing under HPS lighting. The chlorophyll a fluorescence measurements of pepper seedlings grown under LEDs showed significant increases in photosynthetic apparatus performance index (PI) values compared to plants grown under HPS lamps; however, the values for this index were higher in cv. ‘Aifos’ as compared to cv. ‘Palermo’. We recommend that supplemental lighting systems are applied with caution, as their performance appears to depend not only on the light spectrum but also on the cultivar.

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