scholarly journals Rewolucja urbanistyczna na terenie Île de la Cité w Paryżu w XIX w.

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (3 (243)) ◽  
pp. 33-46
Author(s):  
Barbara Hryszko

Urban Revolution Of Paris’s Île De La Cité In The 19th Century Urban changes in Paris taking place in the time of the second Empire were generally viewed as positive. First of all, they solved the problem of old, non-hygienic, overpopulated, and dirty districts of the city and enabled the police to control the area in case of revolutionary movements. Moreover, they created the possibility of placing central, most important offices in prestigious locations, which added authority and splendor to them. As a result, the center of Paris became hygienic, utilitarian, safe and representative. However, these positive aspects of urban changes introduced under Napoleon III soon received severe criticism. The location of the Cité and the island on which it was located proved to be a curse for its urban development. Seeking to squeeze as many monumental governmental objects as possible on a small area resulted in almost complete destruction of the mediaeval urban structure of the district. The urban revolution which changed the Cité became a dramatic symbol of the authoritarian power of the Second Empire.

Author(s):  
Gladys Noemí Arana López

Resumen: Al ocaso del siglo XIX, en la región de la península de Yucatán se estaban dando todos los elementos para iniciar el anhelado camino hacia la modernidad. La región se encontraba en paz, mientras Mérida se reconstituía como capital no solo del Estado sino como la ciudad más importante de la  región, consolidando su vocación comercial y de servicios ya que la bonanza financiera parecía no  tener fin. El cambio de imagen y la satisfacción de antiguas y nuevas necesidades eran los objetivos a alcanzar teniendo como modelo a las ciudades europeas y los ideales positivistas que caracterizaron al gobierno del presidente Díaz. Por supuesto al cumplir con las metas planteadas, se organizó un gran evento mediático, en donde la ciudad era la protagonista y el mundo el espectador. Expansión y desarrollo urbano, grandes edificios y monumentos, embellecimiento y sanidad, nuevas y renovadas viviendas, así como la oferta de sin fin de servicios definieron a la ciudad en este impasse temporal.  Palabras clave: Porfirismo, desarrollo urbano, siglo XIX, Yucatán, modernidad.**********************************************************From the distance: A paradigm of the Porfirian’s modernity The urban architectural transformation of Merida, Yucatan. The changement from the 19th to 20th centuryAbstract:At the end of the 19th century, in Yucatan region, everything was done for the entrance of the yearning way to modernity. The region was at peace during the time Merida was reconstructed, not just as the capital of the State but also as the most important city of the region; it consolidated its commercial and service vocation taking into account the finances prosperity. The change of the image as the old and new needs’ satisfaction were the objectives to achieve having as a model the European city and the positivism ideals, which characterized the president Diaz’s government. So, the goals achieved, it was organized a media event, in which the city was the focus and the world the spectator. Growth and urban development, big buildings and   monuments, beauty and sanity, new and renewed houses, as well as the offer of services defined the city in this temporal impasse. Key words: Porfirism, urban development; 19th century, Yucatan, modernity.*********************************************************À distancia: Um paradigma da modernidade porfiriana. A transformação urbano-arquitetônica de Mérida, em Yucatán na transição do século XIX-XXResumo:Em finais do século XIX, na região da península de Yucatán, estavam sendo dados todos os elementos  para começar o desejado caminho à modernidade. A região se encontrava em paz, enquanto Mérida reconstituía-se não só como capital do Estado, mas também como a cidade mais importante da região, consolidando sua vocação comercial e de serviços, já que a bonança financeira parecia não ter fim. A mudança de imagem e a satisfação de antigas e novas necessidades eram os objetivos a alcançar, tendo como modelo as cidades europeias e os ideais positivistas que caracterizaram o governo do presidente Díaz. É claro que, quando as metas planejadas foram cumpridas, foi organizado um grande evento mediático, no qual a cidade era a protagonista e o mundo o espectador. Expansão e desenvolvimento urbano, grandes edifícios e monumentos, embelezamento e saneamento, novas e renovadas moradias, assim como a oferta de um infinidade de serviços definiram a cidade nesse impasse temporal. Palavras chave: Porfirismo, desenvolvimento urbano, século XIX, Yucatán, modernidade.


2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 193-198
Author(s):  
Lyudmila S. Timofeeva ◽  
Albina R. Akhmetova ◽  
Liliya R. Galimzyanova ◽  
Roman R. Nizaev ◽  
Svetlana E. Nikitina

Abstract The article studies the existence experience of historical cities as centers of tourism development as in the case of Elabuga. The city of Elabuga is among the historical cities of Russia. The major role in the development of the city as a tourist center is played by the Elabuga State Historical-Architectural and Art Museum-Reserve. The object of the research in the article is Elabuga as a medium-size historical city. The subject of the research is the activity of the museum-reserve which contributes to the preservation and development of the historical look of Elabuga and increases its attractiveness to tourists. The tourism attractiveness of Elabuga is obtained primarily through the presence of the perfectly preserved historical center of the city with the blocks of integral buildings of the 19th century. The Elabuga State Historical-Architectural and Art Museum-Reserve, which emerged in 1989, is currently an object of historical and cultural heritage of federal importance. Museum-reserves with their significant territories and rich historical, cultural and natural heritage have unique resources for the implementation of large partnership projects. Such projects are not only aimed at attracting a wide range of tourists, but also stimulate interest in the reserve from the business elite, municipal and regional authorities. The most famous example is the Spasskaya Fair which revived in 2008 in Elabuga. It was held in the city since the second half of the 19th century, and was widely known throughout Russia. The process of the revival and successful development of the fair can be viewed as the creation of a special tourist event contributing to the formation of new and currently important tourism products.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (12-3) ◽  
pp. 250-258
Author(s):  
Mahomed Gasanov ◽  
Abidat Gazieva

The article is devoted to the analysis of the historiography of the history of the city of Kizlyar. This issue is considered in the historical context of the Eastern Caucasus. The author analyzes the three main theoretical concepts of the problem concerning Russia’s policy in the region, using the example of the city of Kizlyar in the context of historiography.


2013 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio E. Nardi ◽  
Adriana Cardoso Silva ◽  
Jaime E. Hallak ◽  
José A. Crippa

Until the beginning of the 19th century, psychiatric patients did not receive specialized treatment. The problem that was posed by the presence of psychiatric patients in the Santas Casas de Misericórdia and the social pressure from this issue culminated in a Decree of the Brazilian Emperor, D. Pedro II, on July 18, 1841. The “Lunatic Palace” was the first institution in Latin America exclusively designed for mental patients. It was built between 1842 and 1852 and is an example of neoclassical architecture in Brazil, located at Saudade Beach in the city of Rio de Janeiro. In the 1930s and 1940s, the D. Pedro II Hospital was overcrowded, and patients were gradually transferred to other hospitals. By September of 1944, all the patients had been transferred and the hospital was deactivated. Key words: psychiatry, history, madness.


2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 555-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saïd Amir Arjomand

One of the oldest extant documents in Islamic history records a set of deeds executed by Muhammad after his migration (hijra) in 622 from Mecca to Yathrib, subsequently known as “the City [madīna] of the Prophet.” Marking the beginning of the Islamic era, the document comprising the deeds has been the subject of well over a century of modern scholarship and is commonly called the “Constitution of Medina”—with some justification, although the first modern scholar who studied it at the end of the 19th century, Julius Wellhausen, more accurately described it as the “municipal charter” (Gemeindeordnung) of Medina. In 1889, Wellhausen highlighted the text's antiquity, which has been acknowledged by even the most skeptical of contemporary “source-critical” scholars, Patricia Crone, who thinks that, in Ibn Ishaq's Sira, “it sticks out like a piece of solid rock in an accumulation of rubble.”


2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-422
Author(s):  
A. M. Olenich ◽  
A. M. Olenich

The paper introduces materials from the archaeological excavations on the territory of the village of the 16th—19th centuries Mykilska Slobidka. The village has not been subject to systemic archaeological excavations before. In 2016—2018 we carried out the investigating in different parts of the village. It was fixed that despite the modern urban development, the cultural layer was preserved in some parts of the village. Obtaining materials indicate the existence of pottery production there. The most interesting is the ceramic collection associated with the pottery complex of the beginning of the 19th century. The collection allows us to characterize the assortment of the pottery manufacturing in the Mykilska Slobidka village in the first half of the 19th century. Among the typical products of the workshops were pots decorated with white and red engobe painting, jugs, bowls, lids, mugs, flowerpots, bricks and probably tiles etc. It is interesting that there are no pottery clay deposits in the vicinity of the village. So it is possibly the clay was brought from other villages, may be on the other (right) bank of the Dnieper River.


2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Piet Defraeye

Sven Augustijnen is a Belgian film maker and visual artist. In 2012 he contributed a piece called AWB 082-3317 7922 to the Track exhibition in the city of Gent (Belgium). Track invited artists to provide art installations that were site-specific, and engaged with local narratives, history, and situations. Augustijnen had an old bike chain-locked against a park tree, with a bunch of charcoal on its baggage rack; it stood in the vicinity of the so-called “Moorken” monument, a memorial for the heroic adventures of the brothers Van de Velde in Congo Free State, erected in Gent’s prominent Citadelpark at the end of the 19th century. The idea of AWB 082-3317 7922 came about during the shooting of his film Spectres (2011), in which Augustijnen goes in search for the location of Patrice Lumumba’s assassination in Katanga, Congo, in January 1961. While the theme of the bike installation is the (only partially resolved) murder of Patrice Lumumba, first Prime Minister of the newly independent Congo, the piece spawns a spatial and historical cartography of events and developments within the park landscape as well as the greater urban, and global scope. It is the kind of street art that needs its environment for any chance of meaning, which derive from the contiguities it allows and creates.


2020 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 05011
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Vozniak ◽  
Svetlana Golovina ◽  
Maria Kolesova

The emergence of the specialty of civil engineer in the first half of the 19th century had a significant impact on architectural practice in St. Petersburg. The differentiation of the professions of engineer and architect took place for the first time; both specialists began to participate in the design. The appearance of such engineers as Augustine Betancourt, Matvey Clark, Pierre-Dominique Bazin and Wilhelm von Tretter brought about changes in all areas of architecture and construction. New building structures and materials appeared, as well as methods for checking and calculating. Designing has become comprehensive, the activities of the Committee for Structures and Hydraulic Works led by Betancourt covered urban development, individual buildings and all types of utilities. The formation of engineering education took place, which brought up the next generation of Russian engineers.The article considers the most important aspects of the activities of Augustine Betancourt, who laid the foundations for engineering education in Russia; Matvey Clark, who created the first metal beams and trusses; Pierre Dominique Bazin, who continued the development of engineering education, as well as Wilhelm von Tretter, one of the founders of iron bridge construction in Russia.


1990 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 379-418 ◽  

Juda Hirsch Quastel, who contributed for more than 60 years to the growth of biochemistry, was born in Sheffield, in a room over his father’s rented sweet shop on the Ecclesall Road. The date was 2 October 1899, and his parents, Jonas and Flora (Itcovitz) Quastel, had lived in England for only a few years. They had emigrated separately from the city of Tamopol in eastern Galicia, which was then within the Austro-Hungarian Empire; it has since, after a period under Polish rule, become part of the Ukrainian Republic of the Soviet Union. Tamopol at the end of the 19th century was a city of some 30 000 and the centre of an agricultural district. Its inhabitants were ethnically mixed, but about half of them were Jews, many of whom under the relatively benevolent Austrian regime were fairly prosperous. Quastel used to recall how his father and grandfather had held the Emperor Franz Joseph in great respect. His grandfather, also Juda Hirsch (married to Yetta Rappoport), had at one time worked as a chemist in a brewery laboratory in Tamopol. The parents of the subject of this biography had been in commerce there, and were not poor; but today’s family members know little about the life of Jonas and Flora in Tamopol, or about the reasons that persuaded them, like many of their neighbours, to emigrate to the West. An uncle had already gone to England, and perhaps had encouraged them to follow because of the greater opportunities. In England they lived at first in London’s east end, where they worked in garment factories; but their move to Sheffield, and to Jonas’s modest entrepreneurship, had been completed in the late 1890s. It was there that Juda Hirsch and his four younger siblings (Charles, Doris, Hetty and Anne) were born.


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