إنتاج الوقود الحيوي : الفرص والمخاطر مع الإشارة إلى حالة الجزائر = Production of Biofuels : Risks and Opportunities : View the Status of Algeria

The study of interfacial reactions of nickel thin films on GaAs

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100074616 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

pp. 156-157

Author(s):

L.J. Chen ◽

Y.F. Hsieh

Keyword(s):

Thin Films ◽

Integrated Circuits ◽

Interfacial Reactions ◽

Metal Contacts ◽

Nickel Thin Films ◽

Thin Foils ◽

The Status ◽

Si Doped ◽

Electron Microscopes

One measure of the maturity of a device technology is the ease and reliability of applying contact metallurgy. Compared to metal contact of silicon, the status of GaAs metallization is still at its primitive stage. With the advent of GaAs MESFET and integrated circuits, very stringent requirements were placed on their metal contacts. During the past few years, extensive researches have been conducted in the area of Au-Ge-Ni in order to lower contact resistances and improve uniformity. In this paper, we report the results of TEM study of interfacial reactions between Ni and GaAs as part of the attempt to understand the role of nickel in Au-Ge-Ni contact of GaAs.N-type, Si-doped, (001) oriented GaAs wafers, 15 mil in thickness, were grown by gradient-freeze method. Nickel thin films, 300Å in thickness, were e-gun deposited on GaAs wafers. The samples were then annealed in dry N2 in a 3-zone diffusion furnace at temperatures 200°C - 600°C for 5-180 minutes. Thin foils for TEM examinations were prepared by chemical polishing from the GaA.s side. TEM investigations were performed with JE0L- 100B and JE0L-200CX electron microscopes.

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Fate of sperm membrane in fertilized ova

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100146047 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 51 ◽

pp. 40-41

Author(s):

Frank J. Longo

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Electrical Activity ◽

Sea Urchins ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Integrated System ◽

Electrophysiological Recording ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

The Status ◽

Sperm Membrane ◽

Temporal And Spatial

Measurement of the egg's electrical activity, the fertilization potential or the activation current (in voltage clamped eggs), provides a means of detecting the earliest perceivable response of the egg to the fertilizing sperm. By using the electrical physiological record as a “real time” indicator of the instant of electrical continuity between the gametes, eggs can be inseminated with sperm at lower, more physiological densities, thereby assuring that only one sperm interacts with the egg. Integrating techniques of intracellular electrophysiological recording, video-imaging, and electron microscopy, we are able to identify the fertilizing sperm precisely and correlate the status of gamete organelles with the first indication (fertilization potential/activation current) of the egg's response to the attached sperm. Hence, this integrated system provides improved temporal and spatial resolution of morphological changes at the site of gamete interaction, under a variety of experimental conditions. Using these integrated techniques, we have investigated when sperm-egg plasma membrane fusion occurs in sea urchins with respect to the onset of the egg's change in electrical activity.

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Revisiting the status of dental ethics instruction

Journal of Dental Education ◽

10.1002/j.0022-0337.2000.64.11.tb03381.x ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 64 (11) ◽

pp. 772-774 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

JG Odom ◽

PL Beemsterboer ◽

TD Pate ◽

NK Haden

Keyword(s):

Ethics Instruction ◽

The Status

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The status of cosmology

Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements ◽

10.1016/s0920-5632(02)80089-5 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 110 (2) ◽

pp. 9-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

W Freedman

Keyword(s):

The Status

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Multicultural Assessment of Personality and Psychopathology in the United States: Still Art, Not Yet Science, and Controversial

European Journal of Psychological Assessment ◽

10.1027/1015-5759.14.1.62 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 62-70 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Richard H. Dana

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Racial Identity ◽

The United States ◽

Therapeutic Assessment ◽

Culturally Competent ◽

Research Attention ◽

The Status ◽

Training Research ◽

Multicultural Assessment ◽

Personality Description

This paper describes the status of multicultural assessment training, research, and practice in the United States. Racism, politicization of issues, and demands for equity in assessment of psychopathology and personality description have created a climate of controversy. Some sources of bias provide an introduction to major assessment issues including service delivery, moderator variables, modifications of standard tests, development of culture-specific tests, personality theory and cultural/racial identity description, cultural formulations for psychiatric diagnosis, and use of findings, particularly in therapeutic assessment. An assessment-intervention model summarizes this paper and suggests dimensions that compel practitioners to ask questions meriting research attention and providing avenues for developments of culturally competent practice.

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