Inattention in Contract Markets: Evidence from a Consolidation of Options in Telecom

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjørn-Atle Reme ◽  
Helene Lie Røhr ◽  
Morten Sæthre
Keyword(s):  
Price Change ◽  
Future Price ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Search Plan ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Timing Pattern ◽  
The Future ◽  
Telecom Operator ◽  
The Impact

We study customer inattention by utilizing a notification about a future price change in the mobile subscription market. With detailed customer-level data from a large telecom operator, together with data on prices and contracts offered by competitors, we document that the notification causes an increase in customer attention, which triggers search, plan switching, and churn. In particular, we show that the monthly propensity to churn increases by 60% (from 1% to 1.6%) among customers whose costs would decrease with the new prices. We also document an increase in churn directly after the notification, not at the time of the future price change, and argue that this timing pattern is evidence of sophisticated inattention: customers take immediate action to mitigate the impact of their own future inertia. We supplement the analysis with a survey and find supporting evidence for the important role of inattention in determining how consumers adapt to changes in the market. This paper was accepted by Eric Anderson, marketing.

The Role of Oil and Gas in the Economic Development of the Global Economy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Oil And Gas Producers ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Factor Inputs ◽  
The Impact

This chapter is concerned with the role of oil and gas in the economic development of the global economy. It focuses on the context in which established and newer oil and gas producers in developing countries must frame their policies to optimize the benefits of such resources. It outlines a history of the issue over the last twenty-five years. It considers oil and gas as factor inputs, their role in global trade, the role of oil prices in the macroeconomy and the impact of the geopolitics of oil and gas. It then considers various conventional views of the future of oil and gas in the primary energy mix. Finally, it challenges the drivers behind these conventional views of the future with an emphasis on why they may prove to be different from what is expected and how this may change the context in which producers must frame their policy responses.

Financial Access of Latin America and Caribbean Firms: What Are the Roles of Institutional, Financial, and Economic Development?

2021 ◽  
pp. 097265272110153
Author(s):  
Lan Khanh Chu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Latin America And Caribbean ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Moderating Role

This article examines the impact of institutional, financial, and economic development on firms’ access to finance in Latin America and Caribbean region. Based on firm- and country-level data from the World Bank databases, we employ an ordered logit model to understand the direct and moderating role of institutional, financial, and economic development in determining firms’ financial obstacles. The results show that older, larger, facing less competition and regulation burden, foreign owned, and affiliated firms report lower obstacles to finance. Second, better macro-fundamentals help to lessen the level of obstacles substantially. Third, the role of institutions in promoting firms’ inclusive finance is quite different to the role of financial development and economic growth. JEL classification: E02; G10; O16; P48

scholarly journals Predictive Role of Caregiver Type, Dependency Level and Time Caring on the Impact of Caring for a Dependent Relative as a Stressor

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-202
Author(s):  
Teresa Lanzón Serra ◽  
Amelia Díaz Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Lower Risk ◽  
Lower Number ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
The Future ◽  
Predictive Role ◽  
Professional Nurses ◽  
The Impact ◽  
At Home

This work presents the evaluation of the stress symptoms associated to the task of caring for a dependent relative at home. The role played by variables such as type of caregiver (nurse/non-nurse), the relative dependency level, the number of hours per day dedicated to caring and the years the caregiver had been caring for the relative was studied. The sample was made up of 100 caregivers, and the variables associated to stress studied in the present work were intrusion, avoidance and activation. Results showed that non-nurse caregivers caring for a low dependency relative for a period of less than two years were those suffering a higher impact, with more symptoms associated to stress. Hours caring per day worked as a protective variable of stress, in that those caregivers dedicating a lower number of hours to caring had lower risk of suffering stress symptoms. These results clearly show the stressful impact of the first stages of dependency, even at the lowest level of dependency in a relative, on non-professional caregivers and highlight the need to provide strategies, similar to those shown by professional nurses looking after their own relatives, to reduce stress. This kind of intervention would prepare the caregiver for the future stages when the dependency level in the relatives and the effort caring for them would be higher.

The moderating role of informal economy on financial development induced ekc hypothesis in turkey

2022 ◽  
pp. 0958305X2110707
Author(s):  
Baris Memduh Eren ◽  
Salih Katircioglu ◽  
Korhan K. Gokmenoglu
Keyword(s):  
Financial Development ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
Structural Breaks ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Interaction Variables ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Moderating Role

This study conducts an empirical investigation about the moderating role of the informal economy on Turkey's environmental performance by employing advanced econometric techniques that account numerous structural breaks in series. In this extent, we created three interaction variables by captivating the impact of informal economic activities on CO2 emissions through income, energy use, and financial sector development. Besides, we built a main effect model without the interaction variables to assess the direct effects of our variables on global environmental degradation. The outcomes of the carried analyses produced supporting evidence toward the confirmation of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) assumption. Obtained findings shown that energy use, financial development and the informal economy in Turkey transmit a deteriorating impact on environmental well-being. Furthermore, the moderating role of the informal economy was found to be statistically significant factor in terms of both economic and environmental efficiency.

scholarly journals Do German Works Councils Counter or Foster the Implementation of Digital Technologies?

2019 ◽  
Vol 239 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Genz ◽  
Lutz Bellmann ◽  
Britta Matthes
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Adoption Process ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Works Councils ◽  
Employment Agency ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Establishment Survey ◽  
The Impact

Abstract As works councils’ information, consultation and co-determination rights affect the decision process of the management, works councils play a key role in the implementation of digital technologies in establishments. However, previous research focuses on the potential of digital technologies to substitute for labor and its impact on labor market outcomes of workers. This paper adds the role of industrial relations to the existing literature by analyzing the impact of works councils on the implementation of digital technologies. Theoretically, the role of works councils in the digital transformation is ambiguous. Using establishment data from the IAB Establishment Survey of 2016 combined with individual employee data from the Federal Employment Agency and occupational level data about the physical job exposure, empirical evidence indicates an ambivalent position of works councils towards digital technologies. The sole existence of works councils is associated with statistically significant lower equipment levels with digital technologies. However, works councils seem to foster the equipment with digital technologies in those establishments, which employ a high share of workers who are conducting physical demanding job activities. Thus, this study highlights the importance of establishment-level workforce representation for the digital adoption process within Germany.

scholarly journals Corruption and satisfaction with democracy: the conditional role of electoral disproportionality and ballot control

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Pellegata ◽  
Vincenzo Memoli
Keyword(s):  
Electoral Systems ◽  
Aggregate Level ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Satisfaction With Democracy ◽  
Level Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Different Levels

Existing literature has analysed the relationship between electoral systems and either corruption or satisfaction with democracy (SWD) focussing on the traditional distinction between majoritarian and proportional systems. This paper, instead, investigates if and how specific aspects of electoral systems moderate the negative effects of corruption perceptions on SWD. We argue that two mechanisms act simultaneously but at different levels. The first mechanism is the relationship between voters and the national government, while the second links single representatives to their constituents. We advance conditional hypotheses that postulate an attenuating effect of disproportionality and a reinforcing impact of personal vote. Empirical results from 35 elections in 33 democracies, using both individual and aggregate-level data, confirm the research hypotheses. More disproportional electoral systems weaken the impact of citizens’ perceived corruption on their democratic satisfaction, while this is strengthened by systems in which the ballot control is mostly in the hand of the voters.

scholarly journals Propaganda and Conflict: Evidence from the Rwandan Genocide *

2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (4) ◽  
pp. 1947-1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Yanagizawa-Drott
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Radio Station ◽  
Minority Population ◽  
Mass Violence ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Rwandan Genocide ◽  
Level Data ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This article investigates the role of mass media in times of conflict and state-sponsored mass violence against civilians. We use a unique village-level data set from the Rwandan genocide to estimate the impact of a popular radio station that encouraged violence against the Tutsi minority population. The results show that the broadcasts had a significant effect on participation in killings by both militia groups and ordinary civilians. An estimated 51,000 perpetrators, or approximately 10% of the overall violence, can be attributed to the station. The broadcasts increased militia violence not only directly by influencing behavior in villages with radio reception but also indirectly by increasing participation in neighboring villages. In fact, spillovers are estimated to have caused more militia violence than the direct effects. Thus, the article provides evidence that mass media can affect participation in violence directly due to exposure and indirectly due to social interactions.

scholarly journals Rational Inattention to News: The Perils of Forward Guidance

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaetano Gaballo
Keyword(s):  
Value Of Information ◽  
Price Level ◽  
Future Price ◽  
Rational Inattention ◽  
Forward Guidance ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Future ◽  
Current Price ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Source Of Information

This paper studies the social value of information about the future. In a stylized OLG model, agents need to forecast the future price level, they observe the current price and perceive with idiosyncratic noise the expectation announced by a more informed authority. When forward guidance communication is loose, the market becomes a main source of information about the future. Reliance on market information amplifies the impact of shocks on prices, which increases ex ante uncertainty and worsens agents' forecasting ability, harming social welfare. However, an appropriate policy can convert the perils of the announcement in opportunities. (JEL D83, E13, E52, E62, H63)

scholarly journals The Impact of Some Emerging Technologies in Modern Military Actions

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-194
Author(s):  
Aurelian Raţiu ◽  
Onisim Roşu
Keyword(s):  
Technological Progress ◽  
Emerging Technologies ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Legal Action ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
International Laws ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Among the emerging technologies, artificial intelligence represents nowadays an area of interest for all of the states around the world, making the technological progress a huge step in human evolution. The future role of the man in military actions will not be to fight in the field anymore, making decisions on how and when to use the weapons in order to stop the incoming enemy while also respecting the international laws. With the help of technology, humanity could provide its much needed security and put an end to conflicts regardless of their nature, because devices are not capable of emotions and subjectivism, making them transparent and objective and transforming the decision making process into a simpler, fairer and legal action. Technology represents the future and man should adapt to it as soon as possible in order to reach the best outcomes even when it comes to war.

scholarly journals 'I think it's been difficult for the ones that haven't got as many resources in their homes': Teacher concerns about the impact of COVID-19 on pupil learning and wellbeing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa E. Kim ◽  
Suzanna Dundas ◽  
Kathryn Asbury
Keyword(s):  
School Level ◽  
School Closures ◽  
Teachers Perceptions ◽  
Whole School ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Pandemic Planning ◽  
Role Of Parents ◽  
Pupil Learning ◽  
The Impact

School closures due to COVID-19 have been predicted to have a large impact on pupils’ learning and wellbeing. Systematic evidence about teachers’ perceptions of what challenges their pupils have faced, and how they have been addressing these challenges, will be important for post-pandemic planning. We interviewed 24 teachers from English state mainstream primary and secondary schools in June 2020 and asked them to describe the impact of partial school closures on their pupils’ learning and wellbeing, and how they had been addressing challenges as individual teachers and at the whole school level. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Six themes were identified: (a) pedagogy and process, (b) communication with pupils and families, (c) life at home, (d) the role of parents, (e) a COVID-19 curriculum, and (f) moving forwards and making plans. Teachers reported difficulties in navigating the new form of education and finding the most effective way to teach and engage with the pupils. Pupils’ lack of routine and their home environment were seen as influencing their learning and wellbeing. Parents’ differing levels of involvement raised concerns about inequality. We discuss the practical implications of how to support pupils’ learning and wellbeing both during and after COVID-19.

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