Influence of air quality data estimation on short-term health effect estimates of air pollution in epidemiological studies

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (1) ◽  
pp. 3758
Author(s):  
Martina Gandini ◽  
Giorgio Cattani ◽  
Massimo Stafoggia ◽  
Giovanna Berti
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Health Effect ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Data Estimation ◽  
Air Quality Data

scholarly journals Changes in air-pollution related behaviour measured by Google Trends Search Volume Index in response to reported air quality in Poland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Nazar ◽  
Katarzyna Plata-Nazar
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Google Trends ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Search Volume ◽  
Air Quality Data

Abstract Background Decreased air quality is connected to a higher number of hospital admissions and an increase in daily mortality rates. Thus, Poles’ behavioural response to sometimes elevated air pollution levels is vital. The aim of this study was to carry out analysis of changes in air-pollution related information seeking behaviour in response to nationwide reported air quality in Poland. Methods Google Trends Search Volume Index data was used to investigate Poles’ interest in air pollution-related keywords. PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations measured across Poland between 2016 and 2019 were collected from the Chief Inspectorate of Environmental Protection databases. Pearson Product-Moment Correlation and the R2 correlation coefficient of determination were used to measure spatial and seasonal correlations between reported air pollution levels and the popularity of search queries. Results The highest PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations were observed in southern voivodeships and during the winter season. Similar trends were observed for Poles’ interest in air-pollution related keywords. All R2 coefficient of determination values were > 0.5 and all correlations were statistically significant. Conclusion Poland’s air quality does not meet the World Health Organisation guidelines. Also, the air quality is lower in southern Poland and during the winter season. It appears that Poles are aware of this issue and search for daily air quality data in their location. Greater interest in air quality data in Poland strongly correlates with both higher regional and higher seasonal air pollution levels.

scholarly journals Developing Web-Based 3D Health-Aware Routing for Pedestrians and Cyclists

2020 ◽  
Vol 171 ◽  
pp. 02009
Author(s):  
Rosanny Sihombing ◽  
Sabo Kwada Sini ◽  
Matthias Fitzky
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Quality Level ◽  
3D Navigation ◽  
Index Numbers ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Air Quality Data ◽  
Monitoring Stations

As the population of people migrating to cities keeps increasing, concerns have been raised about air quality in cities and how it impacts everyday life. Thus, it is important to demonstrate ways of avoiding polluted areas. The approach described in this paper is intended to draw attention to polluted areas and help pedestrians and cyclists to achieve the lowest possible level of air pollution when planning daily routes. We utilise real-time air quality data which is obtained from monitoring stations across the world. The data consist of the geolocation of monitoring stations as well as index numbers to scale the air quality level in every corresponding monitoring stations. When the air quality level is considered having a moderate health concern for people with respiratory disease, such as asthma, an alternative route that avoid air pollution will be calculated so that pedestrians and cyclists can be informed. The implementation can visualize air quality level in several areas in 3D map as well as informs health-aware route for pedestrian and cyclist. It automatically adjusts the observed air quality areas based on the availability of monitoring stations. The proposed approach results in a prototype of a health-aware 3D navigation system for pedestrian and cyclist.

scholarly journals Compilation and Evaluation of Ambient Respirable Crystalline Silica Air Quality Data near Sand Quarries and Processing Facilities

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 903
Author(s):  
John Richards ◽  
Todd Brozell
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Health Effect ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Mineral Processing ◽  
Crystalline Silica ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Background Concentration ◽  
Exposure Level ◽  
Air Quality Data

Ambient respirable crystalline silica air quality is of concern to many communities near mineral processing facilities and to regulatory agencies serving these communities. Accurate air quality data are needed to compare measured respirable crystalline silica concentrations at the fencelines of mineral processing facilities with the published health effect guideline published by the California Office of Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA). This article is a compilation and evaluation of air quality studies around a diverse set of nineteen sand producing facilities. The respirable crystalline silica air quality data compiled by Air Control Techniques, P.C. and most of the data compiled by other researchers cited in this article have been measured using EPA Reference Method samplers adjusted for respirable crystalline silica sampling and NIOSH Method 7500 X-ray diffraction analyses. The authors conclude that (1) the ambient concentrations in the diverse set of mineral processing facilities were consistently lower than the 3.0 microgram per cubic meter chronic reference exposure level (REL) adopted by OEHHA, (2) upwind-to-downwind fenceline concentration differences were small, and (3) the fenceline t concentrations were often at background concentration levels. The authors recommend additional sampling studies to better characterize background concentrations of ambient respirable crystalline silica.

scholarly journals Impacts of the COVID-19 lockdown on air quality and its association with human mortality trends in megapolis Mexico City

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gurusamy Kutralam-Muniasamy ◽  
Fermín Pérez-Guevara ◽  
Priyadarsi D. Roy ◽  
I. Elizalde-Martínez ◽  
V.C. Shruti
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Human Mortality ◽  
Air Quality Data

Abstract Mexico City is the second most populated city in Latin America, and it went through two partial lockdowns between April 1 and May 31, 2020 for reducing the COVID-19 propagation. The present study assessed air quality and its association with human mortality rates during the lockdown by estimating changes observed in air pollutants (CO, NO2, O3, SO2, PM10 and PM2.5) between the lockdown (April 1 - May 31) and pre-lockdown (January 1 – March 31) periods, as well as by comparing the air quality data of lockdown period with the same interval of previous five-years (2015-2019). Concentrations of NO2 (-29%), SO2 (-55%) and PM10 (-11%) declined and the contents of CO (+1.1%), PM2.5 (+19%) and O3 (+63%) increased during the lockdown compared to the pre-lockdown period. This study also estimated that NO2, SO2, CO, PM10 and PM2.5 reduced by 19-36%, and O3 enhanced by 14% compared to the average of 2015-2019. Reduction in traffic as well as less emission from vehicle exhausts led to remarkable decline in NO2, SO2 and PM10. The significant positive associations of PM2.5, CO and O3 with the numbers of COVID-19 infections and deaths, however, underscored the necessity to enforce air pollution regulations to protect human health in one of the important cities of the northern hemisphere.

scholarly journals Short-Term Associations between Morbidity and Air Pollution in Metropolitan Area of Monterrey, Mexico

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1352
Author(s):  
Rosa Maria Cerón Breton ◽  
Julia Céron Breton ◽  
María de la Luz Espinosa Fuentes ◽  
Jonathan Kahl ◽  
Alberto Antonio Espinosa Guzman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Pollution Effects ◽  
National System

Short-term effects of air pollution on the number of hospital admissions in eight municipalities of the Metropolitan Area of Monterrey, Mexico, were assessed from 2016 to 2019 using a time-series approach. Air quality data were obtained from the Atmospheric Monitoring System of Nuevo Leon State (SIMA) which belongs to SINAICA (National System of Air Quality Information), providing validated data for this study. Epidemiological data were provided by SINAIS (National System of Health Information), considering admission by all causes and specific causes, gender and different age groups. Guadalupe had the highest mean concentrations for SO2, CO and O3; whereas Santa Catarina showed the highest NO2 concentrations. Escobedo and Garcia registered the highest levels for PM10. Only PM10 and O3 exceeded the permissible maximum values established in Mexican official standards. A basal Poisson model was constructed to assess the association between daily morbidity and air pollutants, from this, a second scenario in which daily mean concentrations of air pollutant criteria increase by 10% was considered. Most of pollutants and municipalities studied showed a great number of associations between an increase of 10% in their current concentrations and morbidity, especially for the age group between 5 and 59 years during cold months, excepting ozone which showed a strongest correlation during summer. Results were comparable to those reported by other authors around the world, however, in spite of relative risk index (RRI) values being low, they are of public concern. This study demonstrated that considering the nature of their activities, economically active population and students, they could be more vulnerable to air pollution effects. Results found in this study can be used by decision makers to develop public policies focused on protecting this specific group of the population in metropolitan areas in Mexico.

Burden of disease attributed to anthropogenic air pollution in the United Arab Emirates: Estimates based on observed air quality data

2010 ◽  
Vol 408 (23) ◽  
pp. 5784-5793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Li ◽  
Jacqueline MacDonald Gibson ◽  
Prahlad Jat ◽  
Gavino Puggioni ◽  
Mejs Hasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Air Quality Data

scholarly journals Air Pollution Health Risk Assessment (AP-HRA), Principles and Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1935
Author(s):  
Tavoos Hassan Bhat ◽  
Guo Jiawen ◽  
Hooman Farzaneh
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Effect ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Major Public Health Problem

Air pollution is a major public health problem. A significant number of epidemiological studies have found a correlation between air quality and a wide variety of adverse health impacts emphasizing a considerable role of air pollution in the disease burden in the general population ranging from subclinical effects to premature death. Health risk assessment of air quality can play a key role at individual and global health promotion and disease prevention levels. The Air Pollution Health Risk Assessment (AP-HRA) forecasts the expected health effect of policies impacting air quality under the various policy, environmental and socio-economic circumstances, making it a key tool for guiding public policy decisions. This paper presents the concept of AP-HRA and offers an outline for the proper conducting of AP-HRA for different scenarios, explaining in broad terms how the health hazards of air emissions and their origins are measured and how air pollution-related impacts are quantified. In this paper, seven widely used AP-HRA tools will be deeply explored, taking into account their spatial resolution, technological factors, pollutants addressed, geographical scale, quantified health effects, method of classification, and operational characteristics. Finally, a comparative analysis of the proposed tools will be conducted, using the SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) method.

scholarly journals Air Pollution and Mortality: Timing Is Everything

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1274
Author(s):  
Frederick W. Lipfert
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Health Effect ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Long Term Studies

This paper considers timing issues in health-effect exposure and response studies. Short-term studies must consider delayed and cumulative responses; prior exposures, disease latency, and cumulative impacts are required for long-term studies. Lacking individual data, long-term air quality describes locations, as do greenspaces and traffic density, rather than exposures of residents. Indoor air pollution can bias long-term exposures and effect estimates but short-term effects also respond to infiltrated outdoor air. Daily air quality fluctuations may affect the frail elderly and are necessarily included in long-term averages; any true long-term effects must be given by differences between annual and daily effects. I found such differences to be negligible after adjusting for insufficient lag effects in time-series studies and neglect of prior exposures in long-term studies. Aging of subjects under study implies cumulative exposures, but based on age-specific mortality, I found relative risks decreasing with age, precluding cumulative effects. A new type of time-series study found daily mortality of previously frail subjects to be associated with various pollutants without exposure thresholds, but the role of air pollution in the onset of frailty remains an unexplored issue. The importance of short-term fluctuations has been underestimated and putative effects of long-term exposures have been overestimated.

scholarly journals Fitting Statistical Distribution on Air Pollution: an Overview

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.23) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ismail Jaffar ◽  
Hazrul Abdul Hamid ◽  
Riduan Yunus ◽  
Ahmad Fauzi Raffee
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Statistical Distribution ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Statistical Distributions ◽  
Air Pollution Modelling ◽  
High Event ◽  
Air Quality Data ◽  
Comprehensive Study

High event of air pollution would give adverse effect to human health and cause of instability towards environment. In order to overcome these issues, the statistical air pollution modelling is an important tool to predict the return period of high event on air pollution in future. This tool also will be useful to help the related government agencies for providing a better air quality management and it can provide significantly when air quality data been analyze appropriately. In fitting air pollutant data, statistical distribution of gamma, lognormal and Weibull distribution is widely used compared to others distributions model. In addition, the aims of this overview study are to identify which distributions is the most used for predicting the air pollution concentration thus, the accuracy for prediction future air quality is the important aspect to give the best prediction. The comprehensive study need to be conducted in statistical distribution of air pollution for fitting pollutant data. By using others statistical distributions model as main suggested in this paper. 

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