scholarly journals A Seasonal Cause of Encephalitis: Influenza Virus A (H3N1) Infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rúben Reis ◽  
Francisco Adragão ◽  
Catarina Parente ◽  
Inês Nunes ◽  
Armindo Ramos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Altered Mental Status ◽  
Influenza Virus A ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
History Of

Influenza virus infection can have a range of presentations, from asymptomatic to life-threatening disease. We present the case of a 57-year-old woman with a known history of schizophrenia (controlled with medication) who presented to our emergency department in a coma after experiencing a seizure. She had reported flu-like symptoms in the previous week, which evolved to dyspnoea and altered mental status culminating in seizures and coma. Influenza virus A (H3N1) was identified in the cerebrospinal fluid. Although a rare cause of encephalitis, the influenza virus should be considered in the differential diagnosis, especially during epidemics.

scholarly journals The relationship between influenza and pneumonia

1949 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 434-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Stuart-Harris ◽  
Joan Laird ◽  
D. A. Tyrrell ◽  
Margaret H. Kelsall ◽  
Zena C. Franks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Upper Respiratory Infection ◽  
Influenza Virus A ◽  
Epidemic Period ◽  
Upper Respiratory

1.The results are reported of a study cases of pneumonia, of upper respiratory indection and of family contacts of cases of pneumoia for evidence of influenza-virus infection between October 1947 and April 1949.2. During an inter-epidemic period in relation to influenza, two sporadic cases of influenza-virus A infection were detected, one in a case of pneumo-coccal pneumonia and the other in a family contact of a case of pneumonia. These were the only instances of virus infection detected amoung 158 individuals including seventy-eight cases of pneumonia.3. The epidemic of influenza from February to April 1949 was associated with an increase in number of notified cases of pneumonia, particularly in those over 45 years of age compared with the notifications in 1948. Deaths from pneumonia also increased, particularly in those of 65years or over.4. During the period of influenza prevalence, direct tests of specimens in eggs and serological tests gave positive evidence of influenza prevalence, direct tests of specimens in eggs and serological tests gave positve evidence of influenza virus A infection in many instances. Twenty-six of forty-one cases of upper respiratory infection between February and April 1949 were positive for influenza A and one was a case of influenza B.5. Eifgteen of fifty-five cases of pneumococcal and staphyococcal pneumoniaccal and staphylococcal pneumonia, eight of fifteen cases of bronchitis, one of two cases of bronchiectasis and four of six cases of congestive heart failure gave serological or cultural evidence of influenza virus A infection during the period of February to April 1949.6. The mechanism of influenza-virus infection in relation to bacterial infection of the lower respiratory tract is discussed.

scholarly journals Unmasking Influenza Virus Infection in Patients Attended to in the Emergency Department

Infection ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Monmany ◽  
N. Rabella ◽  
N. Margall ◽  
P. Domingo ◽  
I. Gich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection

Predictive factors of severe multilobar pneumonia and shock in patients with influenza

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana Garcia Gutierrez ◽  
José Maria Quintana ◽  
Maretva Baricot ◽  
Amaia Bilbao ◽  
Alberto Capelastegui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Mental Status ◽  
Seasonal Influenza ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Prediction Rule ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Altered Mental Status ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
P Value

PurposeTo identify risk factors present at admission in adult patients hospitalised due to influenza virus infection during the 2009/10 and 2010/11 seasons—including whether infection was from pandemic or seasonal influenza A infections—that were associated with the likelihood of developing severe pneumonia with multilobar involvement and shock.MethodsProspective cohort study. Patients hospitalised due to influenza virus infection were recruited. We collected information on sociodemographic characteristics, pre-existing medical conditions, vaccinations, toxic habits, previous medications, exposure to social environments, and EuroQoL-5D (EQ-5D). Severe pneumonia with multilobar involvement and/or shock (SPAS) was the primary outcome of interest. We constructed two multivariate logistic regression models to explain the likelihood of developing SPAS and to create a clinical prediction rule for developing SPAS that includes clinically relevant variables.ResultsLaboratory-confirmed A(H1N1)pdm09, EQ-5D utility score 7 days before admission, more than one comorbidity, altered mental status, dyspnoea on arrival, days from onset of symptoms, and influenza season were associated with SPAS. In addition, not being vaccinated against seasonal influenza in the previous year, anaemia, altered mental status, fever and dyspnoea on arrival at hospital, difficulties in performing activities of daily living in the previous 7 days, and days from onset of symptoms to arrival at hospital were related to the likelihood of SPAS (area under the curve value of 0.75; Hosmer–Lemeshow p value of 0.84).ConclusionsThese variables should be taken into account by physicians evaluating a patient affected by influenza as additional information to that provided by the usual risk scores.

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