Does adiponectin play a role in gestational diabetes?

Current literature provides contradictory information on the role of adiponectin (AdipoQ) in the course of gestational diabetes (GDM). The aim of the study was to measure AdipoQ concentration in blood of women with GDM and to find relationships between this adipokine and clinical and biochemical parameters. The study group included 50 women diagnosed with GDM between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation who underwent routine prenatal tests for GDM in compliance with the guidelines of the Polish Diabetes Association. All patients underwent clinical and laboratory evaluation at GDM diagnosis. Laboratory tests included serum AdipoQ concentration, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, OGTT and lipid parameters in serum. AdipoQ concentrations did not differ significantly between the groups during gestation (p=0.7054). In the subgroup (2h glucose level in the OGTT 200 mg/dl) the concentration of AdipoQ tended to be decreased as compared to the remaining patients from the study and control groups, though the decline was insignificant (p=0.0541). The concentration of AdipoQ in the subgroup was about 20% lower than in the other patients from the study group. No correlations, except with the neonatal weight (r= - 0.29, p<0.05), were found between AdipoQ and the studied parameters. The GDM group showed significantly elevated fasting glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR values, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglicerydes, as compared with the control group (p.05). These results lead to the conclusion that women with newly diagnosed and promptly treated GDM have normal adiponectin level. A negative correlation between AdipoQ level and the birth weight may suggest that this adipokine plays a role in the control of the birth weight especially in the incidence of macrosomia.

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A Comparative Study of Relationship between Micronutrients and Gestational Diabetes

ISRN Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.5402/2012/470419 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Farideh Akhlaghi ◽

Seyyed Majid Bagheri ◽

Omid Rajabi

Keyword(s):

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Control Group ◽

Study Group ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Control Groups ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Micronutrient Concentration ◽

And Control

In this paper, we studied the relation between the micronutrient and gestational diabetes. Therefore, we measured micronutrient concentration including Ni, Al, Cr, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, and Se in serum of women with gestational diabetes between 24 and 28 weeks of gestational age (study group) who had inclusion criteria and comparison with micronutrient levels in normal pregnant women with same gestational age (control group). Results showed that there was no significant difference between the serum micronutrient level (Ni, Al, Cr, Mg, Zn, Cu, Se) in study and control groups except serum level of iron which in serum of gestational diabetic women was lower than normal pregnant women and difference was significant.

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Association of gestational diabetes mellitus with changes in gut microbiota composition at the species level

BMC Microbiology ◽

10.1186/s12866-021-02207-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Fang Chen ◽

Yu Gan ◽

Yingtao Li ◽

Wenzhi He ◽

Weizhen Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Fasting Glucose ◽

Species Level ◽

Control Group ◽

And Control ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Background Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), a common endocrine disorder with rising prevalence in pregnancy, has been reported to be associated with alteration of gut microbiota in recent years. However, the role of gut microbiome in GDM physiopathology remains unclear. This pilot study aims to characterize the alteration of gut microbiota in GDM on species-level resolution and evaluate the relationship with occurrence of GDM. Methods An analysis based on 16S rRNA microarray was performed on fecal samples obtained from 30 women with GDM and 28 healthy pregnant women. Results We found 54 and 141 differentially abundant taxa between GDM and control group at the genus and the species level respectively. Among GDM patients, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius was inversely correlated with fasting glucose while certain species (e.g., Aureimonas altamirensis, Kosakonia cowanii) were positively correlated with fasting glucose. Conclusions This study suggests that there are large amounts of differentially abundant taxa between GDM and control group at the genus and the species level. Some of these taxa were correlated with blood glucose level and might be used as biomarkers for diagnoses and therapeutic targets for probiotics or synbiotics.

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Questioning Role of Hypochloremia in Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.78.6.1172a ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 78 (6) ◽

pp. 1172-1172

Author(s):

HOWARD HARRIS ◽

MARY JO STINE

Keyword(s):

Intensive Care Unit ◽

Mechanical Ventilation ◽

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ◽

Neonatal Intensive Care ◽

Control Group ◽

Study Group ◽

Control Groups ◽

The Poor ◽

And Control

To the Editor.— The recent report by Perlman et al1 suggesting that chloride deficiency may be a significant contributing factor in the poor outcome of infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia seems invalid because of the composition of the study and control groups. Although they found no difference between the two groups relative to the requirements for oxygen and mechanical ventilation, it would seem plausible that the study group, who all died in the neonatal intensive care unit, had more severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia than the control group, who were all able to be discharged home.

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S215 – The Effects of Topical Halofuginon on Myringotomy in Rats

Otolaryngology ◽

10.1016/j.otohns.2008.05.390 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 139 (2_suppl) ◽

pp. P147-P147

Author(s):

Hakan Cincik ◽

Taner Ozdemir ◽

Engin C ekin ◽

Salim Dogru ◽

Atila Gungor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Isotonic Saline ◽

Healing Time ◽

Control Group ◽

Study Group ◽

Control Groups ◽

The Difference ◽

Temporal Bones ◽

And Control ◽

Incision Healing

Objectives 1) To investigate the role of halofuginone hydrobromide on myringotomy incision healing time. 2) To investigate the role of halofuginone hydrobromide on formation of myringosclerosis. Methods 40 rats with normal eardrums were involved in this study to determine if topical halofuginone application had an impact on prolonging the time for healing of myringotomy incision and its histopathological consequences. The study group and control group consisted of 30 and 10 rats, respectively. A posterior incision 1 mm in diameter was made on randomly selected healty eardrums of the rats. After making incision in the study group, gelfoam soaked in halofuginone hydrobromide of 30 mg/dl was applied on the perforation, while gelfoam dipped in isotonic saline was introduced to perforation in the control group. On days 1, 3,7,10,14,18,21, 24, 27 and 30, otoendoscopic evaluation of eardrums under general anesthesia was conducted and perforations were screened. On control days, one randomly selected rat from each group was sacrified and temporal bones were dissected in order to evaluate the tympanic membranes histopathologically. Results The average times for patency of perforation in study and control groups were 21.43 and 7.50 days, respectively. The difference was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusions Histopathological evaluation revealed that halofuginone seems to result in low hyalinization and fibrosis on eardrum compared to the control group.

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Sonographic Signs of Adenomyosis in Women with Endometriosis Are Associated with Infertility

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10112355 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 2355

Author(s):

Dean Decter ◽

Nissim Arbib ◽

Hila Markovitz ◽

Daniel S. Seidman ◽

Vered H. Eisenberg

Keyword(s):

Laparoscopic Surgery ◽

Retrospective Study ◽

Statistical Analysis ◽

Conservative Management ◽

Transvaginal Ultrasound ◽

Control Group ◽

Study Group ◽

Control Groups ◽

Increased Risk ◽

And Control

We compared the prevalence of ultrasound signs of adenomyosis in women with endometriosis who underwent surgery to those who were managed conservatively. This was a retrospective study of women evaluated at a tertiary endometriosis referral center who underwent 2D/3D transvaginal ultrasound. Adenomyosis diagnosis was based on the presence of at least three sonographic signs. The study group subsequently underwent laparoscopic surgery while the control group continued conservative management. Statistical analysis compared the two groups for demographics, symptoms, clinical data, and sonographic findings. The study and control groups included 244 and 158 women, respectively. The presence of any, 3+, or 5+ sonographic signs of adenomyosis was significantly more prevalent in the study group (OR = 1.93–2.7, p < 0.004, 95% CI; 1.24–4.09). After controlling for age, for all findings but linear striations, the OR for having a specific feature was higher in the study group. Women in the study group with ≥ 5 sonographic signs of adenomyosis had more than twice the risk of experiencing infertility (OR = 2.31, p = 0.012, 95% CI; 1.20–4.45). Sonographic signs of adenomyosis are more prevalent in women with symptomatic endometriosis who underwent surgery compared with those who continued conservative management. Women with 5+ findings have a significantly increased risk of infertility. Adenomyosis on ultrasound should be considered in the management decisions regarding these patients.

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Comparative study of the areas of osteochondral defects produced in the femoral condyles of rabbits treated with gel of sugarcane biopolymer

Acta Cirurgica Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0102-86502011000500010 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 26 (5) ◽

pp. 383-386 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Paulo Cezar Vidal Carneiro de Albuquerque ◽

José Lamartine de Andrade Aguiar ◽

Saulo Monteiro dos Santos ◽

Nicodemus Pontes Filho ◽

Roberto José Vieira de Mello ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sugar Cane ◽

Digital Camera ◽

Control Group ◽

Study Group ◽

Osteochondral Defects ◽

Control Groups ◽

The Right ◽

And Control ◽

Natural Healing ◽

Femoral Condyles

PURPOSE: To measure the healed areas of osteochondral defects produced in femoral condyles of rabbits filled with biopolymer sugar cane gel and to compare these with those of the control group at 90, 120 and 180 days. METHODS: A study was made of 16 New Zealand rabbits, 6 and 7 months old, weighing between 2 and 2.5 kg. Defects of 3.2 x 4 mm were made, with trephine, in the femoral condyles of the right and left knees. As to the study group defects of the medial and lateral condyles of the right knee were used which were filled with Biopolymer Sugar Cane Gel; as to the Control Group defects of the medial and lateral condyles of the left t knees were used which were left open for natural healing. The defects were analyzed at 90, 120 and 180 days after surgery. After euthanasia, the knees were removed and fixed in Bouin's solution for later digital photographic documentation with a digital camera. The areas healed were measured in both the study and control groups using the images obtained from an Image-J® program. Statistical analysis was conducted using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the means of the healed areas in the study and control groups at 90, 120 and 180 days after surgery. CONCLUSION: The dimension of the healed areas of the defects treated with the biopolymer sugar-cane gel in the study group was similar to those of the control group, which healed naturally.

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Clinical Impact of Estradiol/Testosterone Ratio in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke

10.21203/rs.3.rs-33503/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jung-Won Choi ◽

In Woo Ryoo ◽

Jun Yeong Hong ◽

Kyung-Yul Lee ◽

Hyo Suk Nam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽

Sex Hormones ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Groups ◽

Sexual Hormones ◽

Stroke Group ◽

Male Patients ◽

And Control

Abstract Background: Sex hormones may be associated with a higher incidence of ischemic stroke or stroke-related events. In observational studies, lower testosterone concentrations are associated with infirmity, vascular disease, and adverse cardiovascular risk factors. Currently, female sexual hormones are considered neuroprotective agents. The purpose of this study was to assess the role of sex hormones and the ratio of estradiol/testosterone (E/T) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS).Methods: Between January 2011 and December 2016, 146 male patients with AIS and 152 age- and sex-matched control subjects were included in this study. Sex hormones, including estradiol, progesterone, and testosterone, were evaluated in the AIS patient and control groups. We analyzed the clinical and physiological levels of sex hormones and hormone ratios in these patients.Results: The E/T ratio was significantly elevated among patients in the stroke group compared to those in the control group (P = 0.001). Categorization of data into tertiles revealed that patients with the highest E/T ratio were more likely to have AIS [odds ratio (OR) 3.084; 95% Confidence interval (CI): 1.616-5.886; P < 0.001) compared with those in the first tertile. The E/T ratio was also an independent unfavorable outcome predictor with an adjusted OR of 1.167 (95% CI: 1.053-1.294; P = 0.003).Conclusions: These findings support the hypothesis that increased estradiol and reduced testosterone levels are associated with AIS in men.

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The significance of polymorphisms of gene coagulation factors VII and XIII in the pathogenesis of non-traumatic avascular necrosis of the femoral head

Genij Ortopedii ◽

10.18019/1028-4427-2021-27-1-43-47 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 43-47

Author(s):

M.A. Panin ◽

◽

N.V Zagorodnii ◽

A.V. Boiko ◽

L.M. Samokhodskaya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Femoral Head ◽

Avascular Necrosis ◽

Coagulation Factors ◽

Group Differences ◽

Unknown Etiology ◽

Control Group ◽

Study Group ◽

Control Groups ◽

Aseptic Necrosis ◽

And Control

Introduction Non-traumatic avascular necrosis of the femoral head (ANFH) is a poly-etiologic and socially significant disease in the age of 20 to 50 years and is associated with disability. Research on the identification of necrosis causes/predictors is a relevant issue. Purpose To study the contribution of polymorphisms in the genes of coagulation factors F7 and F13 in the aetiology of non-traumatic avascular necrosis of the femoral head. Methods Polymorphisms of the genes of coagulation factors F7 and F13 were studied; comparative analysis of the frequency of important allelic variants of F7genes (Arg353Gln) and F13 (Val134Leu) in patients with a verified diagnosis of aseptic necrosis (study group) and in healthy patients (control group) was performed. The study group included 41 patients (all males) with aseptic necrosis of the femoral head of unknown etiology. Results The frequency of gene alleles in the F7 Arg353Gln in the study group were: GG in 30 out of 41 patients (73.2 %), GA in 11 out of 41 patients (26.8 %), and none of 41 patients had a polymorphic variant AA. The frequency of alleles of this type of gene in the control group was as follows: GG in 7 out of 320 subjects (2.2 %), GA in 66 out of 320 patients (20.6 %), AA in 247 out of 320 (77.2 %). Significant differences were identified in the frequencies of homozygous genotypes, AA (χ2 = 100.215, p < 0.001) and GG (χ2 = 205.770, p < 0.001) in the study and control groups respectively. As for the heterozygous GA genotype, the differences were not significant (χ2 = 0.834, p = 0.362). The GG genotype of the gene Val134Leu F13 WAS 2.8 times more frequent in patients of the study group, differences were statistically significant (26.8 % against 9.7 %, χ2 = 10.388; p = 0.002). The presence of the TT genotype of the gene Val134Leu F13 was almost five times more frequent (χ2 = 18.956, p < 0.001) in healthy individuals (control group). Differences in the frequency of allele T in homo/ and heterozygous combinations (TT and GT) in the study and control groups was also significant (72.7 % vs 90.1 %, respectively, χ2 = 4.946, p = 0.027). Discussion Polymorphisms of coagulation factors genes F7 and F13 have a significant effect on the genesis of non-traumatic avascular necrosis of the femoral head. Risk factor of ANFH development is homozygous GG genotype in the gene Arg353Gln F7. Low probability of the disease is due to a protective role of AA genotype of the gene Arg353Gln F7 and TT genotype of the gene Val134Leu F13.

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Cryotherapy Reduced Postoperative Pain in Gynecologic Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Pain Research and Treatment ◽

10.1155/2019/2405159 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Apisada Chumkam ◽

Densak Pongrojpaw ◽

Athita Chanthasenanont ◽

Junya Pattaraarchachai ◽

Kornkarn Bhamarapravatana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Postoperative Pain ◽

Statistical Difference ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Exploratory Laparotomy ◽

Gynecologic Surgery ◽

Control Group ◽

Study Group ◽

Control Groups ◽

Vas Score ◽

And Control

Objective. To examine the effectiveness of cryotherapy for reducing postoperative pain in patients who underwent exploratory laparotomy for gynecologic surgery. Materials and Methods. Patients who had indication for an exploratory laparotomy gynecologic procedure were selected by attending physicians to undergo abdominal surgery via low transverse skin incision. The participants were randomized into study and control groups with simple random sampling methods. Cold packs were applied at two hours after operation for 6 hours. The visual analog scale (VAS) score was recorded at two, 6, and 12 hours after operation. Result. One hundred cases were recruited and then divided into study and control groups equally. The mean age of both groups was 43 years. There was no difference in demographics data of both groups. Half of the participants in both groups underwent hysterectomies. At two hours after surgery, both groups had similar VAS scores. The study group had a lower VAS score at 6 and 12 hours after surgery than the control group with statistical difference. Morphine consumption within 24 hours after surgery in both the study and control groups was 2.8±3.4 and 3.0±4.4 mg, respectively, with no statistical difference. However the registration time of the first morphine requirement in the study group was statistically more prolonged than that of the control group. The lengths of hospital stay in both groups were similar. There was no complication reported in this study. Conclusion. Cryotherapy can reduce postoperative pain. In this presented study the patients who underwent gynecologic surgery had improved pain relief and prolonged time for the first dose of the analgesic drug.

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The Efficacy of Intravenous Tranexamic Acid in Reduction of Blood Loss in Women at High Risk of Postpartum Hemorrhage

QJM ◽

10.1093/qjmed/hcaa056.014 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 113 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

K M Diab ◽

R M Mohamed ◽

A G Abdelhay

Keyword(s):

Blood Loss ◽

Cesarean Section ◽

Tranexamic Acid ◽

Maternal Mortality ◽

Vaginal Delivery ◽

Control Group ◽

Study Group ◽

Control Groups ◽

Significant Difference ◽

And Control

Abstract Background Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is the leading cause of maternal mortality. All women who carry a pregnancy beyond 20 weeks’ gestation are at risk for PPH and its sequelae. Although maternal mortality rates have declined greatly in the developed world, PPH remains a leading cause of maternal mortality elsewhere. Aim of the Work To assess the efficacy and safety intravenous tranexamic acid in reduction of amount of blood loss in high risk women who deliver by cesarean section or vaginal delivery in postpartum period. Patients and Methods This prospective double blind randomized controlled clinical trial study was conducted on 200 patients planned for LSCS or vaginal delivery at Gestational Age ≥ 34 Weeks at Ain Shams University Maternity Hospital. Recruitment of data begun once the protocol was approved by research and ethical committee of the department of obstetrics and gynecology. Results No significant difference between Study and Control groups as regards age (p = 0.508), no significant difference between Study and Control groups as regards Gestational age (p = 0.447),total blood loss (p < 0.001) was significantly lower in study group than control group, Vaginal pads in the 1st 24 hours post-partum was significantly less soaked in study group than control group (p < 0.001). no significant difference between Study and Control groups as regards Preoperative Hemoglobin, Postoperative Hemoglobin was significantly higher in study group than control group (p < 0.001), Reduction in Hemoglobin was significantly less in study group than control group (p < 0.001), no significant difference between Study and Control groups as regards Preoperative Hematocrite, Postoperative Hematocrit was significantly higher in study group than control group (p < 0.001), Reduction in Hematocrite was significantly less in study group than control group (p < 0.001).Need to iron replacement or blood transfusion was significantly less frequent in study group than control group (p = 0.24). Conclusion The use of tranexamic acid prior to cesarean section or vaginal delivery is effective as a prophylaxis against post-partum hemorrhage as shown by the results of this study. It can significantly reduce blood loss during and after cesarean section or vaginal delivery.

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