scholarly journals Generation of Fill-in-the-Blank Questions from Concept Map and Preliminary Comparison between Multiple-Choice Task and Kit-Build Task

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuya Kitamura ◽  
Yusuke Hayashi ◽  
Tsukasa Hirashima
Keyword(s):  
Concept Map ◽  
Multiple Choice ◽  
Choice Task ◽  
Preliminary Comparison

scholarly journals Task and L1 effects

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-40
Author(s):  
Paz González ◽  
Tim Diaubalick
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Multiple Choice ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Task Type ◽  
Choice Task ◽  
Production Task ◽  
Experimental Task ◽  
L2 Learners

Abstract Research on tense-aspect phenomena has shown that the type of experimental task can affect the performance of L2 learners. This pilot study on the understudied language combination Dutch-Spanish investigates this issue by focusing on the interaction between known affecting variables (inherent aspect; L1 effects) and different tasks (multiple-choice, fill-in-the-blanks, free production). First findings show that, indeed, both task type and L1 have an influence on the outcome. Generally, Dutch learners seem to prefer the Imperfect over the Preterit. This stands in contrast to previous research but can be explained by the imperfective features of the Dutch Simple Past with which the learners associate the L2 forms. Whereas this L1 effect is not visible in the multiple-choice task where the choice is forced, it manifests itself in tasks where students can choose freely between forms they know. Especially in the free production task, the L1 effect interacts with a high individual variability.

“He killed a chicken, but it didn’t die”

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jidong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Choice ◽  
Choice Task ◽  
State Change ◽  
Rating Task ◽  
Linguistic Typology ◽  
Mandarin Speakers ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Shi Ji

Abstract Mandarin contrasts typologically with English in its lexicalization of state change (Talmy 2000). The majority of Mandarin monomorphemic verbs is moot about or implies a state change, whereas English has many monomorphemic verbs (e.g. kill) that entail a state change. This study investigates empirically the nuanced lexicalization of state-change implicature in Mandarin monomorphemic verbs and its implications for the linguistic typology of encoding state change. Two experiments were conducted with adult native Mandarin speakers: a rating task about the acceptability of sentences that expressed a failure of fulfilment of a state-change (e.g. Zhangsan sha le ji, ke shi ji mei si ‘Zhangsan killed a chicken, but it didn’t die’) and a multiple-choice task that probed the preferred interpretation of monomorphemic state-change verbs. The results of both studies reveal a significant effect of verb types and post hoc comparisons show a cline of state-change implicature in the target verbs.

scholarly journals Empirically Observed Iconicity Levels of English Phonaesthemes

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahyun Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Choice ◽  
Choice Task ◽  
The Other ◽  
Language Group ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Korean Speakers

This paper aims to reveal to what extent the diagrammatic iconicity (i.e., form-meaning correspondences which are created by relating similar sets of forms with similar sets of meanings [Peirce, 1955, p. 104]) of English phonaesthemes (e.g., gl- in glitter, glisten, and glow) could manifest primary iconicity (i.e., iconicity that involves a sufficient similarity between sign and referent to allow the understanding that the former stands for the latter [Sonesson, 1997]). To serve the aim, the current research conducts a test, using a multiple-choice task in which groups of native English and Korean speakers choose the meanings of phonaesthemes in sets of aurally-presented nonsense English phonaesthemic words. If primary iconicity is carried by a phonaestheme, then both native and non-native listeners should be able to report with some consistency the putative meaning of the nonsense phonaesthemic words. If, on the other hand, a form-meaning correspondence is carried by secondary iconicity (where the existence of the sign-relation, given by convention or by being explicitly pointed out, is the precondition for noticing the similarity between sign and referent [Sonesson, 1997]), then neither language group is expected to deliver high correct guessing rates. The result showed that the purported meanings of sk- and tw- were correctly guessed by the Korean-speaking participants only, and those of cl-, gl-, sw-, gr-, sn-, and sq- were correctly guessed by the English-speaking participants only. The purported meanings of sp- and tr- were correctly guessed by neither language group. These findings show that individual phonaesthemes possess varying degrees of (primary) iconicity.

scholarly journals Assessing children’s understanding of complex syntax: a comparison of two methods

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline Frizelle ◽  
Paul Andrew Thompson ◽  
Mihaela Duta ◽  
Dorothy Vera Margaret Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Relative Clauses ◽  
Multiple Choice ◽  
Choice Task ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Complex Sentences ◽  
Testing Method ◽  
Complex Syntax ◽  
Natural Discourse ◽  
Value Judgement

We examined the effect of two methods of assessment, multiple-choice sentence-picture matching and an animated truth-value judgement task, on typically developing children’s understanding of relative clauses. Children between the ages of 3;06 and 4;11 took part in the study (n = 103). Results indicated that (i) children performed better on the animation than on the multiple-choice task independently of age (ii) each testing method revealed a different hierarchy of constructions (iii) and the testing method had a greater impact on children’s performance with some constructions more than others. Our results suggest that young children have a greater understanding of complex sentences than previously reported, when assessed in a manner more reflective of how we process language in natural discourse.

scholarly journals Examining the Role of Familiarity in the Perception of Depth

Vision ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Elizaveta Mischenko ◽  
Ippei Negishi ◽  
Elena S. Gorbunova ◽  
Tadamasa Sawada
Keyword(s):  
Depth Perception ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Multiple Choice ◽  
Image Features ◽  
Choice Task ◽  
Cognitive Factors ◽  
Familiarity Effect ◽  
Depth Order

Bishop Berkeley suggested that the distance of an object can be estimated if the object’s size is familiar to the observer. It has been suggested that humans can perceive the distance of the object by using such “familiarity” information, but most or many of the prior experiments that found an effect of familiarity were not designed to minimize or eliminate potential influences of: higher cognitive factors on the observers’ responses, or the influences of low-level image features in the visual stimuli used. We looked for the familiarity effect in two experiments conducted both in Russia and Japan. The visual stimuli used were images of three coins used in Russia and Japan. The participants’ depth perception was measured with a multiple-choice task testing the perceived depth-order of the coins. Our expectation was that any effect of “familiarity” on depth perception would only be observed with the coins of the participant’s country. We expected a substantial familiarity effect based on our meta-analysis of the “familiarity” effects observed in prior experiments. But, our results in both experiments showed that the familiarity effect was virtually zero. These findings suggest that the importance of a familiarity effect in depth perception should be reconsidered.

Effect of textual enhancement on idioms

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 258-272
Author(s):  
Patricia Salazar Campillo
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Multiple Choice ◽  
Choice Task ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intermediate Students ◽  
Textual Enhancement ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Experimental Group

The present study aimed at investigating the impact of textual enhancement on the comprehension of transparent and opaque English idioms among Spanish lower-intermediate students studying English as a foreign language. Two short texts including visually enhanced idioms (i.e., they were underlined) were designed for the Experimental Group, and the Control Group received an unenhanced version of the texts. The results reveal that textual enhancement made transparent idioms salient enough for them to have an impact on comprehension; however, underlining had a poorer effect on comprehension as far as opaque idioms are concerned. In addition, we aimed at examining the effect of textual enhancement on the noticing of idioms. Findings show that it did not have a positive effect on recognition of idioms, since the Control Group outperformed the Experimental Group in the multiple-choice task.

High confidence in falsely recognizing prototypical faces

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 1348-1356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Sampaio ◽  
Victoria Reinke ◽  
Jeffrey Mathews ◽  
Alexandra Swart ◽  
Stephen Wallinger
Keyword(s):  
Face Recognition ◽  
Multiple Choice ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Choice Task ◽  
High Rate ◽  
False Alarms ◽  
High Confidence ◽  
Accuracy Relationship

We applied a metacognitive approach to investigate confidence in recognition of prototypical faces. Participants were presented with sets of faces constructed digitally as deviations from prototype/base faces. Participants were then tested with a simple recognition task (Experiment 1) or a multiple-choice task (Experiment 2) for old and new items plus new prototypes, and they showed a high rate of confident false alarms to the prototypes. Confidence and accuracy relationship in this face recognition paradigm was found to be positive for standard items but negative for the prototypes; thus, it was contingent on the nature of the items used. The data have implications for lineups that employ match-to-suspect strategies.

Effects of frontal lobotomy in man on the performance of a multiple choice task

1965 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.L. Poppen ◽  
K.H. Pribram ◽  
R.S. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Choice ◽  
Choice Task ◽  
Frontal Lobotomy

scholarly journals Using Sentence-Level Neural Network Models for Multiple-Choice Reading Comprehension Tasks

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanlong Wang ◽  
Ru Li ◽  
Hu Zhang ◽  
Hongyan Tan ◽  
Qinghua Chai
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Sentence Comprehension ◽  
Multiple Choice ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Choice Task ◽  
Chinese Reading ◽  
Neural Network Models ◽  
Attention Model ◽  
Sentence Level

Comprehending unstructured text is a challenging task for machines because it involves understanding texts and answering questions. In this paper, we study the multiple-choice task for reading comprehension based on MC Test datasets and Chinese reading comprehension datasets, among which Chinese reading comprehension datasets which are built by ourselves. Observing the above-mentioned training sets, we find that “sentence comprehension” is more important than “word comprehension” in multiple-choice task, and therefore we propose sentence-level neural network models. Our model firstly uses LSTM network and a composition model to learn compositional vector representation for sentences and then trains a sentence-level attention model for obtaining the sentence-level attention between the sentence embedding in documents and the optional sentences embedding by dot product. Finally, a consensus attention is gained by merging individual attention with the merging function. Experimental results show that our model outperforms various state-of-the-art baselines significantly for both the multiple-choice reading comprehension datasets.

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