scholarly journals Empirically Observed Iconicity Levels of English Phonaesthemes

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahyun Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Choice ◽  
Choice Task ◽  
The Other ◽  
Language Group ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Korean Speakers

This paper aims to reveal to what extent the diagrammatic iconicity (i.e., form-meaning correspondences which are created by relating similar sets of forms with similar sets of meanings [Peirce, 1955, p. 104]) of English phonaesthemes (e.g., gl- in glitter, glisten, and glow) could manifest primary iconicity (i.e., iconicity that involves a sufficient similarity between sign and referent to allow the understanding that the former stands for the latter [Sonesson, 1997]). To serve the aim, the current research conducts a test, using a multiple-choice task in which groups of native English and Korean speakers choose the meanings of phonaesthemes in sets of aurally-presented nonsense English phonaesthemic words. If primary iconicity is carried by a phonaestheme, then both native and non-native listeners should be able to report with some consistency the putative meaning of the nonsense phonaesthemic words. If, on the other hand, a form-meaning correspondence is carried by secondary iconicity (where the existence of the sign-relation, given by convention or by being explicitly pointed out, is the precondition for noticing the similarity between sign and referent [Sonesson, 1997]), then neither language group is expected to deliver high correct guessing rates. The result showed that the purported meanings of sk- and tw- were correctly guessed by the Korean-speaking participants only, and those of cl-, gl-, sw-, gr-, sn-, and sq- were correctly guessed by the English-speaking participants only. The purported meanings of sp- and tr- were correctly guessed by neither language group. These findings show that individual phonaesthemes possess varying degrees of (primary) iconicity.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN MEDIA GAMBAR TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN BERBICARA BAHASA INGGRIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-194
Author(s):  
Doni Anggoro Ari Santoso ◽  
Zumrotul Muniroh ◽  
Nurul Akmaliah
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
The Other ◽  
Total Variance ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Flash Cards ◽  
Experiment Method ◽  
English Speaking

ABSTRACT The purpose of this research is to find out the effect of the using of flash cards towards student’s speaking ability in STBA Pertiwi, Cileungsi. The researchers hope that this research can give advantages to all of lecturers and students in doing the learning process, especially in English speaking ability. The method used in this research is experiment method using two groups of classes. One class as experiment class, where the researchers are giving the materials using flash cards. While the other class is control class, where the materials are given with lecturing method. Based on the result of the data analysis, it can be concluded that the average score for English speaking ability in control class is 64,7. The median is 61.5. The modus is 57,5. The variance is 258, 6256. And the standard deviation is 16,082. In the other hand, the average score for English speaking ability in experiment class is 70,5. The median is 71,21. The modus is 85,056. The variance is 229, 128. And the standard deviation is 15,14. It is also obtained that the equation of Total Variance is 15,62. And the TObserved is 1,69 and the T table is 1,667. So that Tobserved >Ttable; 1,69>1,667 that is significant. It can be concluded that there is positive and significant effect of using of flash cards towards student’s speaking ability in STBA Pertiwi, Cileungsi.

scholarly journals The Use of Conversation Diary in Enhancing Students’ English Speaking Skill

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 208
Author(s):  
Ria Anugrah Prasanti ◽  
Lasim Muzammil ◽  
Oktavia Widiastuti
Keyword(s):  
Action Research ◽  
Score Test ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Verbal Information ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Minimum Score ◽  
Speaking Skill ◽  
Verbal Data ◽  
English Speaking

This research describes the use of Conversation Diary as a strategy in increasing students’ English speaking skill and discovers the decreasing of students’ anxiety in performing English speaking. This research is done in Classroom Action Research (CAR) within 2 cycles. Each of the cycle is started by assessing classroom problems, and continues with planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. Each cycle has four meetings to accomplish. The participants of this study were 30 students. They got Conversation Diary treatment during eight weeks. Test 1 and test 2 were conducted to get numerical data while interview, observation checklist, and questionnaire were used to get verbal data needed. The finding informed that cycle 1 failed. It was because most of students’ vocabulary and grammar understanding were still low, caused by length and frequency of time which was too short. On the other hand, from verbal information data, it is found that the students’ behaviour has changed. However, cycle 2 is still needed. Cycle 2 showed students’ behaviour were increased. The students’ score test 3 reached minimum score. In conclusion, this study proved that Conversation Diary could improve the students’ speaking skill better and help decreasing the students’ anxiety. With enough length of time, it would gain better result.

The ‘Continental’ Tradition?

2014 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 27-43
Author(s):  
Alan Montefiore
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
English Speaking World ◽  
Continental Tradition ◽  
The One

AbstractThere is – of course – no one such thing as the continental tradition in philosophy, but rather a whole discordant family of notably distinct traditions. They are, nevertheless, broadly recognisable to each other. For much of the last century, however, most of those engaged in or with philosophy in continental Europe, on the one hand, and in the English-speaking world, on the other hand, had surprisingly little knowledge of, interest in or even respect for what was going on in the other. Happily, the situation today is vastly improved on each side of the philosophical channel. What follows is an attempt to gain some understanding of the background to this long-standing (and still to some diminishing extent persistent) mutual incomprehension from the standpoint of one who came to philosophy as a PPE student in the Oxford of the late 1940s.

Reply

1992 ◽  
Vol 13 (01) ◽  
pp. 34-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen W Wood
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Theory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Major Obstacle ◽  
Intended Audience ◽  
Ethical Thought ◽  
History Of Ethics ◽  
Direct Relevance ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
History Of ◽  
English Speaking

It is not surprising that a book entitled Hegel's Ethical Thought (hereafter, “HET”) should attract the attention of Hegelians. But I hope the Hegelians who read HET will forgive me for the fact that they were not its intended audience. My principal aim in the book was to contribute to contemporary discussions of the history of ethics and ethical theory by showing the direct relevance of Hegel's thought to issues that still interest moral philosophers. This aim does not presuppose (as Pinkard would have it) that philosophy consists of a “menu” of positions from which we are to choose arbitrarily. On the other hand, you can't expect a hearing from an audience of non-Hegelians if you arrogantly assume beforehand that Hegel's philosophy encompasses what is true in all others. (HET does include some attempts to argue that Hegel's ethical theory has such advantages, especially over eudaimonistic and Kantian theories. See HET, Chapter 3, §§ 7-8 and Chapters 8-9.) Hegel's thought is now taken more seriously among English speaking philosophers than at any time during my life, but a major obstacle to this welcome change has been the narrowminded sectarian arrogance often found among his admirers. The same aim also dictated that I not read Hegel's ethical thought so as to make it dependent on his speculative logic. Here Hegelians must descend from the mists of speculation long enough to face up to some cold, hard facts. First, there is no generally accepted interpretation even of what Hegelian logic is about, not to mention matters of finer detail. Second, on no interpretation does Hegelian speculative logic have any credibility at all for philosophers today.

Towards a Teaching of French to English-speaking Learners by Cognate Comprehension

1998 ◽  
Vol 121-122 ◽  
pp. 39-50
Author(s):  
Jean-Michel Robert
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
The Other ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Teaching System ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
English Speaking

Abstract Acquiring a foreign or a second language differs strongly according to the proximity of the target language and the mother tongue. In the case of distant languages, the learner tends to simplify the structure of his/her mother tongue and use semantax. On the other hand, the learner of a cognate language could consider the target language as a dialectal variant of his/her own mother tongue. The resulting adaptation would be an innate adaptation, a linguistic superposition. The didactic strategy would then consist in supervising this process of superposition and devising a teaching system based on 'cognate comprehension' of the closely related languages. Such a strategy could be used in the teaching of French to English-speaking learners, though English and French are not commonly considered closely related languages.

scholarly journals QA-Frame as Media in Learning “Selling and Buying” E xpressions of Traders in Kawasan Wisata Kota Lama Semarang

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dian Puji Lestari ◽  
Rizza Fijriatur Rohmah ◽  
Ulfiana Koerunisa
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Limited English Speaking ◽  
Speaking Skill ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Discourse Competence ◽  
Basic Vocabulary ◽  
Small Traders

The background of this research is based on phenomenon that traders’ of Kawasan Wisata Kota Lama Semarang in speaking needs to be improved. Some of them were still lazy to speak English because they do not have enough idea of what to speak. QA-Frame is a speaking learning media that contains selling and buying expressions with the meaning. The purpose of this research can be stated as follow: (1) To find out how is the implementation of QA-Frame as learning media for traders in Kawasan Wisata Kota Lama Semarang. (2) To find out what are the problems faced by traders through QA-Frame as media in Kawasan Wisata Kota Lama Semarang.This research is qualitative method. The subject of this research was traders in Kawasan Wisata Kota Lama Semarang. The researchers took three traders for our sample. They are Mr. Nanang; Mr. Riki; and Mrs. Desi. They were traders in Pasar Klitikan. In collecting the data, the researchers used observation and interview. The result of this research showed thatthe implementation of QA-Frame media accepted for the traders to improve their selling and buying expression. In the other hand, the implementation of QA-Frame media have some problems, such as: possessed limited English speaking skill, the traders only knew some basic vocabulary about the price, the small traders did not “have the necessary vocabulary to give directions to tourists”, the traders cant not memorization and repetition, production and communicationstrategies to process the language input from various sources for their spoken output, the traders have limited  grammatical, sociolinguistic and discourse competence.

A study of cometary eruptions through OH radio-lines

1999 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 249-254
Author(s):  
A.M. Silva ◽  
R.D. Miró
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
The Other ◽  
Initial Mass ◽  
Radio Lines ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Sudden Rise

AbstractWe have developed a model for theH2OandOHevolution in a comet outburst, assuming that together with the gas, a distribution of icy grains is ejected. With an initial mass of icy grains of 108kg released, theH2OandOHproductions are increased up to a factor two, and the growth curves change drastically in the first two days. The model is applied to eruptions detected in theOHradio monitorings and fits well with the slow variations in the flux. On the other hand, several events of short duration appear, consisting of a sudden rise ofOHflux, followed by a sudden decay on the second day. These apparent short bursts are frequently found as precursors of a more durable eruption. We suggest that both of them are part of a unique eruption, and that the sudden decay is due to collisions that de-excite theOHmaser, when it reaches the Cometopause region located at 1.35 × 105kmfrom the nucleus.

Closing the GAP—A 5Å Scanning Microscope

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 6-7
Author(s):  
A. V. Crewe
Keyword(s):  
Normal Form ◽  
The Other ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Scanning Microscope ◽  
Conventional Microscope ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Closing The Gap ◽  
Thermal Sources ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Transmission Microscope

We have become accustomed to differentiating between the scanning microscope and the conventional transmission microscope according to the resolving power which the two instruments offer. The conventional microscope is capable of a point resolution of a few angstroms and line resolutions of periodic objects of about 1Å. On the other hand, the scanning microscope, in its normal form, is not ordinarily capable of a point resolution better than 100Å. Upon examining reasons for the 100Å limitation, it becomes clear that this is based more on tradition than reason, and in particular, it is a condition imposed upon the microscope by adherence to thermal sources of electrons.

Life Beyond 1MeV

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
K.H. Westmacott
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Past Experience ◽  
The Other ◽  
Good Case ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The U.S

Life beyond 1MeV – like life after 40 – is not too different unless one takes advantage of past experience and is receptive to new opportunities. At first glance, the returns on performing electron microscopy at voltages greater than 1MeV diminish rather rapidly as the curves which describe the well-known advantages of HVEM often tend towards saturation. However, in a country with a significant HVEM capability, a good case can be made for investing in instruments with a range of maximum accelerating voltages. In this regard, the 1.5MeV KRATOS HVEM being installed in Berkeley will complement the other 650KeV, 1MeV, and 1.2MeV instruments currently operating in the U.S. One other consideration suggests that 1.5MeV is an optimum voltage machine – Its additional advantages may be purchased for not much more than a 1MeV instrument. On the other hand, the 3MeV HVEM's which seem to be operated at 2MeV maximum, are much more expensive.

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