scholarly journals Improvement of Growth Retardation and Related Immunodeficiency by Dietary Intervention with Crackers Containing Animal Source Ingredients in Malnourished Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 875-889
Author(s):  
Ahmed M. S. Hussein ◽  
Karem Fouda ◽  
Safaa S. Abozed ◽  
Rasha S. Mohamed ◽  
Manal F. Salama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Animal Source Foods ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Animal Source ◽  
Protein Deficient Diet ◽  
Cluster Of Differentiation

Hidden hunger is a risk factor for many health problems, including stunting, which is one of the globally prevalent signs of malnutrition. Stunting can be reduced through feeding on animal source foods. In our study, some animal source foods (egg, butter, yoghurt, and white cheese) in addition to other nutritious ingredients (wheat flour, minced fresh carrot, wheat germ, yeast, and iodine salt) were used to prepare four samples of crackers, with different taste (cumin, paprika, tomato, and cheese). The dough from all ingredients was prepared, flattened, cut then baked to prepare the crackers. These crackers were organoleptically and physically evaluated. Antioxidant activity, total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid contents of the crackers’ samples were determined. The cumin-flavored crackers (the highest in TPC, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity) was evaluated for its macro-and micronutrients and studied in malnourished rats. Two groups of rats (each of 12) were fed on a balanced diet and a protein-deficient diet, respectively for 3 weeks. Six rats from each group were sacrificed and the remaining rats were fed on a balanced diet and diet supplemented with the cumin-flavored crackers, respectively for 5 weeks. The cumin-flavored crackers (100 g) contained 15.64 g protein, 231.00 mg calcium, 4.00 mg zinc, 83.75 µg iodine, arginine (16.53 mg/g protein), and lysine (19.30 mg/g protein). Malnutrition, immunodeficiency (as evidenced by a drop in cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4), cluster of differentiation 8 (CD8) and CD4/CD8 ratio), and stunting (as evidenced by a decrease in rat length, femur length, and insulin growth factor-1) were all observed in rats fed a protein-deficient diet for 3 weeks. Also, femur calcium and magnesium decreased in the malnourished rats. The dietary intervention with the cumin-flavored crackers reversed the reduction in aforementioned parameters in the malnourished rats. The cumin-flavored crackers may improve growth retardation and related immunodeficiency in previously malnourished rats.

scholarly journals The effect of protein-deficient isoenergetic diets on the growth of rat jejunal mucosa

1982 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabrielle Syme
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Protein Deficiency ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Jejunal Mucosa ◽  
Metaphase Arrest ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Protein Deficient Diet ◽  
Delayed Maturation

1. Newly weaned 21-d-old male rats were given isoenergetic diets containing 200, 100 and 50 g protein/kg for 7, 14, 28 or 70 d. The mid-jejunum was removed from the rats and a micrometric analysis of the mucosa was made. The following measurements were made: number of villi/mm2, vilius dimensions, villus surface area, crypt depth, crypt: villus, the number of cells/crypt in metaphase arrest per h.2. Comparisons were made between animals of the same age but on different diets, and animals on the same diet but of different ages. The latter comparison gave information on the effect of protein deficiency on the pattern of maturation of each feature of The villus or crypt studied.3. The effect of protein deficiency was not consistent at each stage of maturation. For instance villus height was decreased when compared with the controls following 28 d on a protein-deficient diet but not after 7 or 70 d.4. The only measurement to be unaffected by protein deficiency was the number of villi per unit area.5. In general the 50 g protein/kg diet had a more pronounced effect than the 100 g protein/kg diet. Protein deficiency delayed maturation by either slowing or inhibiting changes seen in normal maturation.6. In rats given 50 g protein/kg diet, although the villus surface area did not increase as the rats matured there were increases in epithelial cell production rate and number of crypts per villus.

scholarly journals Growth retardation in a New Guinea boarding school and its response to supplementary feeding

1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 297-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Malcolm
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Boarding School ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
Supplementary Feeding ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Protein Deficient Diet ◽  
Protein Feeding

1. Children attending a boarding school in the New Guinea highlands, and receiving a protein-deficient diet of sweet potato and taro showed, when compared with village children, a progressive retardation of growth which was related to the number of years at school.2. Feeding of supplementary protein resulted in a dramatic acceleration of growth in both height and weight, whereas the feeding of extra calories produced an increase in only weight and skinfold thickness.3. This response to protein feeding appears to be greater than previously reported in the literature.

scholarly journals Experiences of a Community-Based Dietary Intervention to Enhance Micronutrient Adequacy of Diets Low in Animal Source Foods and High in Phytate: A Case Study in Rural Malawian Children

2003 ◽  
Vol 133 (11) ◽  
pp. 3992S-3999S ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosalind S. Gibson ◽  
Fiona Yeudall ◽  
Nancy Drost ◽  
Beatrice M. Mtitimuni ◽  
Timothy R. Cullinan
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Animal Source Foods ◽  
Animal Source

scholarly journals Cash transfers and child nutritional outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. e003621
Author(s):  
James Manley ◽  
Yarlini Balarajan ◽  
Shahira Malm ◽  
Luke Harman ◽  
Jessica Owens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Nutrition ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Animal Source Foods ◽  
Animal Source ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Households With Children ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundCash transfer (CT) programmes are implemented widely to alleviate poverty and provide safety nets to vulnerable households with children. However, evidence on the effects of CTs on child health and nutrition outcomes has been mixed. We systematically reviewed evidence of the impact of CTs on child nutritional status and selected proximate determinants.MethodsWe searched articles published between January 1997 and September 2018 using Agris, Econlit, Eldis, IBSS, IDEAS, IFPRI, Google Scholar, PubMed and World Bank databases. We included studies using quantitative impact evaluation methods of CTs with sample sizes over 300, targeted to households with children under 5 years old conducted in countries with gross domestic product per capita below US$10 000 at baseline. We conducted meta-analysis using random-effects models to assess the impact of CT programmes on selected child nutrition outcomes and meta-regression analysis to examine the association of programme characteristics with effect sizes.ResultsOut of 2862 articles identified, 74 articles were eligible for inclusion. We find that CTs have significant effects of 0.03±0.03 on height-for-age z-scores (p<0.03) and a decrease of 2.1% in stunting (95% CI −3.5% to −0.7%); consumption of animal-source foods (4.5%, 95% CI 2.9% to 6.0%); dietary diversity (0.73, 95% CI 0.28 to 1.19) and diarrhoea incidence (−2.7%, 95% CI −5.4% to −0.0%; p<0.05). The effects of CTs on weight-for-age z-scores and wasting were not significant (0.02, 95% CI −0.03 to 0.08; p<0.42) and (1.2%, 95% CI: −0.1% to 2.5%; p<0.07), respectively. We found that specific programme characteristics differentially modified the effect on the nutrition outcomes studied.ConclusionWe found that CT programmes targeted to households with young children improved linear growth and contributed to reduced stunting. We found that the likely pathways were through increased dietary diversity, including through the increased consumption of animal-source foods and reduced incidence of diarrhoea. With heightened interest in nutrition-responsive social protection programmes to improve child nutrition, we make recommendations to inform the design and implementation of future programmes.

scholarly journals Veterinary needs of dogs in two resource-limited communities in the Gauteng and North West provinces of South Africa

2001 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
W.N. Minnaar ◽  
R.C. Krecek
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Veterinary Services ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Protein Deficient Diet

Information on the socioeconomic aspects and the health status of dogs in 2 resource-limited communities in the North West and Gauteng provinces of South Africa was gathered using semi-structured interviews and a standardised questionnaire. The dogs were examined clinically to determine their health status, and their body condition and age were scored. Most of the dogs (93 % in Jericho and 90 % in Zuurbekom) were infected with hookworm, which poses a threat to animal and human health in the 2 study areas. Many dogs were also being given a protein-deficient diet, which together with hookworm parasites would impact considerably on the dog's health. Dogs were mainly kept for security reasons. The need indicated to be most important by the residents of the 2 commnities was a lack of available and affordable veterinary services.

scholarly journals Iberian pig adaptation to acorn consumption: I. Net portal appearance of metabolites

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignacio Fernández-Fígares ◽  
Jose Miguel Rodríguez-López ◽  
Lucrecia González-Valero ◽  
Manuel Lachica
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Period ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Sampling Session ◽  
Protein Deficient Diet ◽  
Portal Plasma ◽  
Set Up

Most valuable cured products from Iberian pigs come from pure bred animals raised for a final grazing-fattening period where pigs eat mainly acorns, a low protein energy rich fruit. This is a nutritional challenge for animals fed equilibrated diets from weaning. The aim of the study was to determine net portal appearance (NPA) of metabolites in gilts fed acorns and evaluate adaptational changes after one week of feeding. Two sampling periods were carried out (after one day and after one week of acorn feeding) with six gilts (34 kg average BW) set up with three catheters: in carotid artery and portal vein for blood sampling, and ileal vein for para-aminohippuric acid (PAH) infusion to measure portal plasma flow (PPF). Pigs were fed at 2.5 × ME for maintenance a standard diet in two portions, at 09:00 (0.25) and 15:00 h (the remaining 0.75). On the day prior to the first sampling period, pigs were fed 2.4 kg of oak acorns. After feeding 0.25 of ration a 6 h serial blood collection was initiated. Following an identical protocol, a second sampling session was performed 1 week later. Adaptation to acorn consumption decreased NPA of ammonia (47%,P < 0.001). Although there was a transfer of urea from the gastrointestinal tract to the circulation in both sampling periods, no differences in NPA of urea was found (P > 0.05). NPA of glucose was not influenced by sampling period (P > 0.05), but NPA of lactate was greatly increased (231%,P < 0.001). There was a negative NPA of albumin although adaptation to acorn feeding did not alter it. Although NPA of triglycerides and cholesterol were unchanged, a subtle increase in arterial and portal cholesterol was noticed (9.6%,P < 0.01). Pigs fed a protein deficient diet for one week adapted decreasing NPA of ammonia for saving metabolic energy as less ammonia would become available for conversion to urea.

scholarly journals The effects of a tryptophan- and protein-deficient diet upon growth in rats

1989 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela H. Becker ◽  
Stephen F. Davis ◽  
Cathy A. Grover ◽  
Cynthia A. Erickson
Keyword(s):  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Protein Deficient Diet
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document