scholarly journals TEORIA DO APEGO E MEDITAÇÃO DA (AUTO)COMPAIXÃO: COMO A SUA PRÁTICA PODE AFETAR A FORMA DE SE RELACIONAR COM O OUTRO?

polemica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Bruzzi Herkenhoff ◽  
Luciana Fontes Pessôa
Keyword(s):  
Attachment Theory ◽  
Attachment Style ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Attachment Security ◽  
Secure Attachment ◽  
Loving Kindness ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
Compassion Meditation ◽  
De Se ◽  
The Subject

Resumo: O presente artigo procura, por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica, entender se a prática da meditação da compaixão pode ser uma ferramenta útil para alcançar um estilo de apego seguro. A busca pelo último se justifica por corroborar com um indivíduo mais resiliente, explorador do mundo exterior, autoconfiante, complacente e prestativo em situações aflitivas, cooperativo e possuidor de ligações relacionais mais fortes. Em paralelo, têm-se os benefícios da prática da meditação da compaixão, que incluem o aumento da conexão social, a geração de diversas emoções positivas e a redução da evitação de pensamentos e/ou sentimentos difíceis. Vale ressaltar que lidar com as vivências subjetivamente classificadas como negativas impede seu acúmulo e, portanto, a multiplicação dessas sensações postas como indesejadas. Foram consultadas, nas plataformas Google Acadêmico, Portal do CAPES e Portal da Biblioteca PUC-Rio, em português e inglês, as expressões “meditação bondade amorosa e teoria do apego”, “meditação da compaixão e teoria do apego”, “compassion meditation and attachment theory” e “attachment security and meditation”. Não foram identificadas pesquisas associando, especificamente, meditação da compaixão e teoria do apego. Contudo, a hipótese de a primeira influenciar a última não foi refutada, tendo indícios de confirmação ainda insuficientes. A meditação é cientificamente respaldada e estudada, porém possui pesquisas iniciadas recentemente, que não exploraram integralmente o assunto, sendo recomendáveis estudos experimentais e nos moldes científicos, para maior validação da prática e seus benefícios. Dentre eles, incluem-se as interseções e interferências entre meditação da compaixão e estilo de apego seguro.Palavras-chave: Meditação. Compaixão. Autocompaixão. Teoria do apego. Abstract: This paper seeks, through a bibliographic review, to understand whether the practice of compassion meditation can be a useful tool to achieve a secure attachment style. The search for the latter is justified by corroborating with a more resilient individual, explorer of the outside world, self-confident, complacent and helpful in distressing situations, cooperative and possessing stronger relational connections. In parallel, there are the benefits of practicing compassion meditation, which include increasing social connection, generating several positive emotions and reducing avoidance of difficult thoughts and/or feelings. The Google Scholar platforms, CAPES Portal and PUC-Rio Library Portal were consulted, in Portuguese and English, the expressions “loving kindness meditation and attachment theory”, “compassion meditation and attachment theory”, “compassion meditation and attachment theory” and “attachment security and meditation”. No research has been identified specifically associating compassion meditation and attachment theory. However, the hypothesis of the former influencing the latter has not been refuted, and there is still insufficient evidence of confirmation. The practice of meditation is scientifically supported and studied, but it has recently started research, which has not fully explored the subject, being interesting experimental and scientific studies to further validate the practice and its benefits. These studies include the intersections and interferences between compassionate meditation and secure attachment style.Keywords: Meditation. Compassion. Self-compassion. Attachment theory. 

Attachment Security Priming and Domestic Violence: Augmenting Biopsychosocial Treatment of Perpetrators

Partner Abuse ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Corvo ◽  
Daniel Sonkin ◽  
Morgan Cooney
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Attachment Theory ◽  
Attachment Style ◽  
Attachment Security ◽  
Theory Development ◽  
Attachment Anxiety ◽  
Secure Attachment ◽  
Psychological Pain ◽  
Relationship Expectations ◽  
Funding Environment

In spite of an inhospitable policy and funding environment for domestic violence perpetrator treatment, efforts in theory development and practice innovation have persisted. Among them are efforts to understand and treat domestic violence using attachment theory. General principles of attachment theory, as well as concepts more directly connected to violence between intimates and other family members, suggest approaches to working with perpetrators that show promise for emotional growth and behavioral change. One such approach is attachment security priming involving the clinical or experimental activation or evocation of secure attachment style through the use of various prompts or stimuli. Evidence supporting positive results from attachment security priming with potential for addressing domestic violence includes: diminished fear reactions, improved creative problem-solving, reduced psychological pain, persistence in managing uncomfortable feelings, more positive relationship expectations, less attachment anxiety, and modulation of threat-related amygdala reactivity.

Effects of Attachment Styles on the Experience of Equity in Heterosexual Couples Relationships

2003 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 298-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ina Grau ◽  
Jörg Doll
Keyword(s):  
Attachment Theory ◽  
Attachment Style ◽  
Intimate Relationships ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Heterosexual Couples ◽  
Secure Attachment ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Equity Ratio

Abstract. Employing one correlational and two experimental studies, this paper examines the influence of attachment styles (secure, anxious, avoidant) on a person’s experience of equity in intimate relationships. While one experimental study employed a priming technique to stimulate the different attachment styles, the other involved vignettes describing fictitious characters with typical attachment styles. As the specific hypotheses about the single equity components have been developed on the basis of the attachment theory, the equity ratio itself and the four equity components (own outcome, own input, partner’s outcome, partner’s input) are analyzed as dependent variables. While partners with a secure attachment style tend to describe their relationship as equitable (i.e., they give and take extensively), partners who feel anxious about their relationship generally see themselves as being in an inequitable, disadvantaged position (i.e., they receive little from their partner). The hypothesis that avoidant partners would feel advantaged as they were less committed was only supported by the correlational study. Against expectations, the results of both experiments indicate that avoidant partners generally see themselves (or see avoidant vignettes) as being treated equitably, but that there is less emotional exchange than is the case with secure partners. Avoidant partners give and take less than secure ones.

scholarly journals Online Training in Specific Meditation Practices Improves Gratitude, Well-Being, Self-Compassion, and Confidence in Providing Compassionate Care Among Health Professionals

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nisha Rao ◽  
Kathi J. Kemper
Keyword(s):  
Health Professionals ◽  
Online Training ◽  
Well Being ◽  
World Health ◽  
Compassionate Care ◽  
Clinician Training ◽  
Loving Kindness ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
Compassion Meditation ◽  
Health Organization

Mind-body practices that intentionally generate positive emotion could improve health professionals’ well-being and compassion. However, the feasibility and impact of clinician training in these practices is unknown. Data were analyzed from 3 online modules offered to health professionals: ( a) Gratitude, ( b) Positive Word, and ( c) Loving-kindness/Compassion meditation. Paired t tests were used to assess pre- to posttraining changes in gratitude (Gratitude Questionnaire), well-being (World Health Organization Well-Being Index), self-compassion (Neff’s Self-Compassion Scale), and confidence in providing compassionate care (Confidence in Providing Calm, Compassionate Care Scale). The 177 enrollees included diverse practitioners (nurses, physicians, social workers, and others). Training was associated with statistically significant improvements in gratitude (38.3 ± 4.6 to 39.5 ± 3.3), well-being (16.4 ± 4.0 to 17.9 ± 4.2), self-compassion (39.5 ± 8.1 to 43.1 ± 7.6), and confidence in providing compassionate care (73.3 ± 16.4 to 80.9 ± 13.8; P < .001 for all comparisons). Brief, online training appeals to diverse health professionals and improves their gratitude, well-being, self-compassion, and confidence in providing compassionate care.

scholarly journals Secure human attachment can promote support for climate change mitigation

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (37) ◽  
pp. e2101046118
Author(s):  
Claudia F. Nisa ◽  
Jocelyn J. Bélanger ◽  
Birga M. Schumpe ◽  
Edyta M. Sasin
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Attachment Theory ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Behavioral Change ◽  
Climate Change Mitigation ◽  
Attachment Security ◽  
Secure Attachment ◽  
National Geographic ◽  
Change Mitigation

Attachment theory is an ethological approach to the development of durable, affective ties between humans. We propose that secure attachment is crucial for understanding climate change mitigation, because the latter is inherently a communal phenomenon resulting from joint action and requiring collective behavioral change. Here, we show that priming attachment security increases acceptance (Study 1: n = 173) and perceived responsibility toward anthropogenic climate change (Study 2: n = 209) via increased empathy for others. Next, we demonstrate that priming attachment security, compared to a standard National Geographic video about climate change, increases monetary donations to a proenvironmental group in politically moderate and conservative individuals (Study 3: n = 196). Finally, through a preregistered field study conducted in the United Arab Emirates (Study 4: n = 143,558 food transactions), we show that, compared to a message related to carbon emissions, an attachment security–based message is associated with a reduction in food waste. Taken together, our work suggests that an avenue to promote climate change mitigation could be grounded in core ethological mechanisms associated with secure attachment.

scholarly journals Mind the Gap: Perceived Partner Responsiveness as a Bridge between General and Partner-Specific Attachment Security

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (19) ◽  
pp. 7178
Author(s):  
TeKisha M. Rice ◽  
Madoka Kumashiro ◽  
Ximena B. Arriaga
Keyword(s):  
Romantic Relationships ◽  
Attachment Theory ◽  
Attachment Security ◽  
Attachment Anxiety ◽  
Secure Attachment ◽  
Specific Attachment ◽  
Perceived Partner Responsiveness ◽  
Core Idea ◽  
Partner Responsiveness ◽  
A Current

A core idea of attachment theory is that security develops when attachment figures are responsive to a person’s connection needs. Individuals may be more or less secure in different relationships. We hypothesized that individuals who perceive a current relationship partner as being responsive to their needs will feel more secure in that specific relationship, and that the benefits of perceived partner responsiveness would be more pronounced for individuals who generally feel insecure. The current study included 472 individuals (236 couples) in romantic relationships. Consistent with our predictions, individuals who perceived more responsiveness from their partner displayed lower partner-specific attachment anxiety and partner-specific avoidance, especially when they were generally insecure. These findings are discussed in terms of the conditions that promote secure attachment bonds.

Attachment Style

2019 ◽  
pp. 15-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth N. Levy ◽  
Benjamin N. Johnson ◽  
Caroline V. Gooch ◽  
Yogev Kivity
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Attachment Style ◽  
Attachment Security ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Psychotherapy Outcome ◽  
Interpersonal Interactions ◽  
Secure Attachment ◽  
Patterns Of Relating

Attachment style describes characteristic patterns of relating to close others and has important implications for psychotherapy. This chapter provides an original meta-analysis of 36 studies (3,158 patients) to determine the association of patient attachment with psychotherapy outcome. Patients with secure attachment pretreatment show better psychotherapy outcome than insecurely attached patients. Further, improvements in attachment security during therapy coincides with better treatment outcome. Moderator analyses suggest that those who experience low attachment security may find better treatment outcome in therapy that focuses on interpersonal interactions. The chapter closes with research limitations, training implications, diversity considerations, and therapeutic practices.

Attachment representations in a population of elderly subjects

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S188-S188
Author(s):  
M. Moalla ◽  
I. Feki ◽  
A. Ktata ◽  
R. Sellami ◽  
D. Triqui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attachment Theory ◽  
Attachment Style ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Psychological Trauma ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Secure Attachment ◽  
Attachment Representations ◽  
Avoidant Attachment ◽  
The Individual

IntroductionAccording to attachment theory, attachment relationships have a lasting impact on the functioning of the individual. If this impact has been much studied in children, few studies have been conducted in the elderly.ObjectivesExplore the representations of attachment in a population of elderly subjects.MethodsThe sample consists of 90 consultants over the age of 65. Each participant filled out demographic questionnaire, Relationship Scale Questionnaire (RSQ): questionnaire of 13 items, each item rated from 1 to 5, a lower score attests a more secure attachment and Adult Attachment Questionnaire: a categorical scale of 3 statements. Statement 1 corresponds to secure attachment style, 2 to avoidant attachment style and 3 to anxious-ambivalent attachment style.ResultsThe age of participants ranged from 65 to 95 years with an average of 68.14. The sex ratio M:F was 0.8. The RSQ Score ranged from 16 to 56 with an average of 37.27. Of the participants, 72.2% have secure attachment style, 24.4% have an avoidant attachment style and 3.3% have an anxious-ambivalent attachment style. The study of correlations showed strong correlation between the two scales (P = 0.00) and the RSQ score was significantly associated with poor satisfaction of married life (P = 0.025), presence of psychological trauma in childhood (P = 0.016) and a separation experience (P = 0.029).ConclusionOur study highlights the importance of early childhood experiences that may impact late adult life. These finding are in accordance with attachment theory.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Child-Mother Secure Attachment Style and Violence in Adolescent Romantic Relationship

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-91
Author(s):  
Zarra Janna Muhammad ◽  
Yulia Ayriza
Keyword(s):  
Romantic Relationships ◽  
Attachment Style ◽  
Dating Violence ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Romantic Relationship ◽  
Secure Attachment ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Correlational Method ◽  
Questionnaire Method ◽  
Special Region

This study aimed to assess the correlation between the secure attachment style of child-mother and violence in adolescents’ romantic relationships. A quantitative approach with a correlational method is used in this research. The subject in this study were 408 adolescents aged 18-22 years who were in romantic relationships and lives in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. The data collection method used in this study is the questionnaire method with the instrument used are the IPVAS-R scale and IPPA-M scale. Both scales used convergent validity with correlations of 0,18-0,78. Then the two scales were re-validated by expert judgement. Reliability for the IPVAS-R was 0,76, and the IPPA-M was 0,87. The data analysis used a non-parametric correlation test. The research results showed a negative correlation between child-mother secure attachment style and dating violence with r=-0,221 and α= 0,000 (p<0,01). The higher the secure attachment style between child and mother, the lower the violence in romantic relationships.

Attachment Security as a Foundation for Kindness Toward Self and Others

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip R. Shaver ◽  
Mario Mikulincer ◽  
Baljinder Sahdra ◽  
Jacquelyn Gross
Keyword(s):  
Attachment Theory ◽  
Attachment Security ◽  
Supportive Relationships ◽  
Psychological States ◽  
Buddhist Literature ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Self Acceptance ◽  
Negative Sense

Based on attachment theory and decades of research on attachment processes and relationships, this chapter shows that attachment security, experienced in relationships with sensitive and responsive parents and partners across the life span, fosters positive attitudes toward both self and others, and also provides a foundation for desirable psychological states discussed in the Buddhist literature: mindfulness, self-compassion, and nonattachment. We review research involving children, adolescents, and adults showing that the major forms of attachment insecurity—anxiety and avoidance—interfere with healthy self-approval and self-acceptance, and also with kindness and generosity toward others. Self-acceptance and self-compassion are not “egoistic” in the negative sense; far from being psychologically and social destructive, they are foundations of openness and kindness toward others. The usual origin of attachment-related security is supportive relationships in childhood, but security can also be increased by later relationships and by laboratory and clinical interventions.

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