scholarly journals Age-Related Differences in Word Recognition Task according to the Interference Types: Evidence from Eye-Tracking

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 186-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hye Lyun Jo ◽  
Jee Eun Sung
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Age Related

Identifying Subclinical Hearing Loss: Extended Audiometry and Word Recognition in Noise

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Ward R. Drennan
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Closed Set ◽  
Age Related ◽  
High Frequency Audiometry ◽  
Hearing Problems

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Normal-hearing people often have complaints about the ability to recognize speech in noise. Such disabilities are not typically assessed with conventional audiometry. Suprathreshold temporal deficits might contribute to reduced word recognition in noise as well as reduced temporally based binaural release of masking for speech. Extended high-frequency audibility (&#x3e;8 kHz) has also been shown to contribute to speech perception in noise. The primary aim of this study was to compare conventional audiometric measures with measures that could reveal subclinical deficits. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Conventional and extended high-frequency audiometry was done with 119 normal-hearing people ranging in age from 18 to 72. The ability to recognize words in noise was evaluated with and without differences in temporally based spatial cues. A low-uncertainty, closed-set word recognition task was used to limit cognitive influences. <b><i>Results:</i></b> In normal-hearing listeners, word recognition in noise ability decreases significantly with increasing pure-tone average (PTA). On average, signal-to-noise ratios worsened by 5.7 and 6.0 dB over the normal range, for the diotic and dichotic conditions, respectively. When controlling for age, a significant relationship remained in the diotic condition. Measurement error was estimated at 1.4 and 1.6 dB for the diotic and dichotic conditions, respectively. Controlling for both PTA and age, EHF-PTAs showed significant partial correlations with SNR50 in both conditions (<i>ρ</i> = 0.30 and 0.23). Temporally based binaural release of masking worsened with age by 1.94 dB from 18 to 72 years old but showed no significant relationship with either PTA. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> All three assessments in this study demonstrated hearing problems independently of those observed in conventional audiometry. Considerable degradations in word recognition in noise abilities were observed as PTAs increased within the normal range. The use of an efficient words-in-noise measure might help identify functional hearing problems for individuals that are traditionally normal hearing. Extended audiometry provided additional predictive power for word recognition in noise independent of both the PTA and age. Temporally based binaural release of masking for word recognition decreased with age independent of PTAs within the normal range, indicating multiple mechanisms of age-related decline with potential clinical impact.

scholarly journals Visual recognition of words learned with gestures induces motor resonance in the forearm muscles

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Repetto ◽  
Brian Mathias ◽  
Otto Weichselbaum ◽  
Manuela Macedonia
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Embodied Cognition ◽  
Visual Recognition ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Baseline Condition ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Motor Resonance ◽  
New Evidence

AbstractAccording to theories of Embodied Cognition, memory for words is related to sensorimotor experiences collected during learning. At a neural level, words encoded with self-performed gestures are represented in distributed sensorimotor networks that resonate during word recognition. Here, we ask whether muscles involved in gesture execution also resonate during word recognition. Native German speakers encoded words by reading them (baseline condition) or by reading them in tandem with picture observation, gesture observation, or gesture observation and execution. Surface electromyogram (EMG) activity from both arms was recorded during the word recognition task and responses were detected using eye-tracking. The recognition of words encoded with self-performed gestures coincided with an increase in arm muscle EMG activity compared to the recognition of words learned under other conditions. This finding suggests that sensorimotor networks resonate into the periphery and provides new evidence for a strongly embodied view of recognition memory.

scholarly journals Peekbank: Exploring children's word recognition through an open, large-scale repository for developmental eye-tracking data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Zettersten ◽  
Claire Bergey ◽  
Naiti Sanjiv Bhatt ◽  
Veronica Boyce ◽  
Mika Braginsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Vocabulary Development ◽  
Target Object ◽  
Tracking Data ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Item Level ◽  
Current Database

The ability to rapidly recognize words and link them to referents in context is central to children's early language development. This ability, often called word recognition in the developmental literature, is typically studied in the looking-while-listening paradigm, which measures infants' fixation on a target object (vs. a distractor) after hearing a target label. We present a large-scale, open database of infant and toddler eye-tracking data from looking-while-listening tasks. The goal of this effort is to address theoretical and methodological challenges in measuring vocabulary development. We present two analyses of the current database (N=1,320): (1) capturing age-related changes in infants' word recognition while generalizing across item-level variability and (2) assessing how a central methodological decision -- selecting the time window of analysis -- impacts the reliability of measurement. Future efforts will expand the scope of the current database to advance our understanding of participant-level and item-level variation in children's vocabulary development.

Early occipito-parietal activity in a word recognition task: an EEG and MEG study

1999 ◽  
Vol 110 (8) ◽  
pp. 1378-1387 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Walla ◽  
W Endl ◽  
G Lindinger ◽  
W Lalouschek ◽  
L Deecke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Recognition Task

Classroom Noise and Children Learning Through a Second Language

2005 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peggy Nelson ◽  
Kathryn Kohnert ◽  
Sabina Sabur ◽  
Daniel Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Word Recognition ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Recognition Performance ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
English Word ◽  
Noise Condition ◽  
English Only ◽  
Task Behavior ◽  
The Impact

Purpose: Two studies were conducted to investigate the effects of classroom noise on attention and speech perception in native Spanish-speaking second graders learning English as their second language (L2) as compared to English-only-speaking (EO) peers. Method: Study 1 measured children’s on-task behavior during instructional activities with and without soundfield amplification. Study 2 measured the effects of noise (+10 dB signal-to-noise ratio) using an experimental English word recognition task. Results: Findings from Study 1 revealed no significant condition (pre/postamplification) or group differences in observations in on-task performance. Main findings from Study 2 were that word recognition performance declined significantly for both L2 and EO groups in the noise condition; however, the impact was disproportionately greater for the L2 group. Clinical Implications: Children learning in their L2 appear to be at a distinct disadvantage when listening in rooms with typical noise and reverberation. Speech-language pathologists and audiologists should collaborate to inform teachers, help reduce classroom noise, increase signal levels, and improve access to spoken language for L2 learners.

Visual Word Recognition in Multilinguals

2018 ◽  
pp. 117-143
Author(s):  
Ton Dijkstra ◽  
Walter J. B. van Heuven
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Word Recognition ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Sentence Context ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Word Retrieval ◽  
Context Sensitive ◽  
Temporal Properties ◽  
Interlingual Homographs

This chapter on the reading of words by multilinguals considers how retrieving words in two or more languages is affected by the lexical properties of the words, the sentence context in which they occur, and the language to which they belong. Reaction time and event-related potential (ERP) studies are discussed that investigate the processing of cognates, interlingual homographs, and words with different numbers of neighbors, both in isolation and in sentence context. After reviewing different models for multilingual word retrieval, it is concluded that multilingual word recognition involves a language-independent, context-sensitive, and interactive pattern recognition routine, with temporal properties that can be determined not only by “classical” reaction time techniques, but even better by up-to-date research techniques such as eye-tracking and ERP recordings.

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