Fibrous Dysplasia: Dental and Orthodontic Implications

Dental Update ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 409-416
Author(s):  
Hesham Ali ◽  
Awais Ali ◽  
Ovais Malik
Keyword(s):  
Fibrous Dysplasia ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Perspective ◽  
Benign Condition ◽  
Dental Management ◽  
Diagnosis And Classification ◽  
Dental Setting ◽  
Possible Cause

Fibrous dysplasia is a benign condition characterized by replacement of bone by a fibro-osseous tissue. This article describes the aetiology, diagnosis and classification of the condition. We discuss the clinical presentation of fibrous dysplasia along with its craniofacial effects. The presentation of fibrous dysplasia in the dental setting is described, along with specific implications for dental and orthodontic management of these patients. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Given the wide array of conditions that can present to GDPs, it is important to be aware of fibrous dysplasia as a possible cause of some signs and symptoms. The presentation, diagnosis and dental management of this group of patients is presented from a clinical perspective.

scholarly journals Panniculitis in Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-336
Author(s):  
Isabelle Moulonguet ◽  
Sylvie Fraitag
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Secondary Process ◽  
Immune Disorders ◽  
Lesion Site ◽  
Heterogenous Group ◽  
Systemic Disorder ◽  
Diagnosis And Classification ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Panniculitides form a heterogenous group of inflammatory diseases that involve the subcutaneous adipose tissue. These disorders are rare in children and have many aetiologies. As in adults, the panniculitis can be the primary process in a systemic disorder or a secondary process that results from infection, trauma or exposure to medication. Some types of panniculitis are seen more commonly or exclusively in children, and several new entities have been described in recent years. Most types of panniculitis have the same clinical presentation (regardless of the aetiology), with tender, erythematous subcutaneous nodules. Although the patient’s age and the lesion site provide information, a histopathological assessment is sometimes required for a definitive diagnosis and classification of the disorder. In children, most panniculitides are lobular. At present, autoimmune inflammatory diseases and primary immunodeficiencies have been better characterised; panniculitis can be the presenting symptom in some of these settings. Unexplained panniculitis in a young child should prompt a detailed screen for monogenic immune disorders because the latter usually manifest themselves early in life. Here, we review forms of panniculitis that occur primarily in children, with a focus on newly described entities.

Diagnosis and classification criteria

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura C. Coates ◽  
William J. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Classification Criteria ◽  
Design Function ◽  
Diagnosis And Classification ◽  
Axial Disease ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Over Time

This chapter covers diagnosis and classification of psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Firstly the difference between diagnosis and classification criteria in terms of their design, function, and performance is discussed. The diagnostic clues of PsA are summarized: risk factors for development of arthritis amongst patients with psoriasis, signs, and symptoms of articular, entheseal and axial disease, and relevant investigations. Older classification criteria for PsA are discussed along with later modifications. The development of the CASPAR criteria is described and subsequent studies assessing the accuracy of the CASPAR criteria in different populations are then summarized. How PsA fits within the broader family of spondyloarthritides (SpA) and the performance of CASPAR compared to SpA criteria is outlined. Different subtypes of PsA, as well as the evolution of individual patients through subtypes over time, are described. Finally future proposals to develop the ‘stem’ of CASPAR to define ‘inflammatory articular, entheseal or axial disease’ are summarized.

scholarly journals Molecular Basis of Human Enamel Defects

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-16
Author(s):  
Georgios Chatzopoulos ◽  
Dimitrios Tziafas
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Disease Classification ◽  
Amelogenesis Imperfecta ◽  
Gene Products ◽  
Enamel Defects ◽  
Human Enamel ◽  
Diagnosis And Classification

Abstract During eruption of teeth in the oral cavity, the effect of gene variations and environmental factors can result in morphological and structural changes in teeth. Amelogenesis imperfecta is a failure which is detected on the enamel of the teeth and clinical picture varies by the severity and type of the disease. Classification of the types of amelogenesis imperfecta is determined by histological, genetic, clinical and radiographic criteria. Specifically, there are 4 types of amelogenesis imperfecta (according to Witkop): hypoplastic form, hypo-maturation form, hypo-calcified form, and hypo-maturation/hypoplasia form with taurodontism and 14 subcategories. The diagnosis and classification of amelogenesis imperfecta has traditionally been based on clinical presentation or phenotype and the inheritance pattern. Several genes can be mutated and cause the disease. Millions of genes, possibly more than 10,000 genes produce proteins that regulate synthesis of enamel. Some of the genes and gene products that are likely associated with amelogenesis imperfecta are: amelogenin (AMELX, AMELY genes), ameloblastin (AMBN gene), enamelin (ENAM gene), enamelysin (MMP20 gene), kalikryn 4 (KLK 4 gene), tuftelins (Tuftelin gene), FAM83H (FAM83H gene) and WDR72 (WDR72 gene). Particular attention should be given by the dentist in recognition and correlation of phenotypes with genotypes, in order to diagnose quickly and accurately such a possible disease and to prevent or treat it easily and quickly. Modern dentistry should restore these lesions in order to guarantee aesthetics and functionality, usually in collaboration with a group of dentists.

scholarly journals The Wobbly Cat

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 349-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Penderis
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Differential Diagnoses ◽  
Clinical Perspective ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
World Region ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common

Practical relevance Generalised ataxia is one of the most common neurological presentations identified in cats in practice. The causes can be subdivided into three forms on the basis of the neuroanatomical diagnosis: cerebellar, vestibular and sensory (spinal or general proprioceptive) ataxia. The type of ataxia will determine the diagnostic procedures and select the differential diagnoses, and an accurate neuroanatomical diagnosis is therefore essential. The differential diagnosis list can then be further tailored on the basis of patient signalment, clinical presentation and progression. Global importance Irrespective of the world region, most of the causes of generalised ataxia in the cat are similar and many have been identified for a number of years (cerebellar hypoplasia has been recognised since the late 19th century). However, it is the advent of new technology, in particular veterinary access to magnetic resonance imaging, which has resulted in particularly rapid advances in our understanding, investigation and management of these different forms of ataxia. Audience This article introduces the classification of patients with ataxia on the basis of their clinical presentation, discusses the common differential diagnoses associated with each form, and briefly reviews the more important diseases from a clinical perspective. It is aimed at all veterinarians who treat cats.

scholarly journals Infection after fracture osteosynthesis – Part II

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 230949901769271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Fang ◽  
Tak-Man Wong ◽  
Kelvin KW To ◽  
Samson SY Wong ◽  
Tak-Wing Lau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Healing ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Treatment Pathway ◽  
Implant Retention ◽  
Host Status ◽  
Diagnosis And Classification ◽  
Fracture Osteosynthesis ◽  
Fracture Stability

In the first part of this article, we have discussed the pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis and classification of infection after fracture osteosynthesis with implants, termed here as osteosynthesis-associated infection (OAI). Prolonged antibiotic treatment is usually necessary. Implant retention and maintenance of fracture stability to allow for fracture healing in spite of infection are allowed for OAI. Depending on the severity of infection, status of fracture healing and host status, the treatment follows five common pathways. These are non-operative treatment, debridement with implant retention, conversion of fixation, implant removal and suppression therapy. The decision-making process leading to each treatment pathway and challenging scenarios is discussed in detail.

scholarly journals Hip Pain: Relation to Anatomical Location and Underlying Pathology

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Michelle J Lespasio ◽  
Michelle J Lespasio
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Current Medical ◽  
Hip Pain ◽  
Anatomical Location ◽  
Diagnosis And Classification ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Underlying Pathology

The purpose of this article is to provide a synopsis of the current medical understanding of hip pain highlighting its relation to anatomical location and underlying pathology. We describe the i) mechanism of the hip joint, ii) classification of hip pain, iii) prevalence of hip pain, iv) purported causes, v) associated risk factors, vi) clinical presentation, vii) diagnosis and classification, and viii) treatment options. A quiz serves to assist readers in their understanding of the presented material.

scholarly journals Delayed pubarche

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Baldo ◽  
Egidio Barbi ◽  
Gianluca Tornese
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Pubic Hair ◽  
Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Benign Condition ◽  
Blood Tests ◽  
Hair Development ◽  
Clinical Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Possible Cause

AbstractIn healthy adolescents, delayed pubarche is generally a benign condition that is caused by a physiological discrepancy between gonadarche and adrenarche. In presence of other clinical signs and symptoms, delayed pubarche can be caused by single or multiple hormones deficiency (such as adrenal insufficiency, panhypopituitarism and hypothyroidism) and/or genetic conditions (Turner syndrome, androgen insensitivity syndrome). Exposition to endocrine disruptors has also been described as a possible cause of delay of pubic hair development. Basic blood tests, karyotype and first level imaging studies are helpful in the differential diagnosis.

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