Autumn de-worming

UK-Vet Equine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 238-240
Author(s):  
David Rendle
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Clinical Disease ◽  
Parasitic Disease ◽  
Grazing Season ◽  
Time Of Year ◽  
The Individual

Autumn is traditionally a time when most horses are de-wormed with one or more products that are effective against tapeworms and both adult and larval roundworms. However, the increasing prevalence of resistance and availability of diagnostics should prompt scrutiny of whether blanket de-worming at this time of year is appropriate. If management is good and horses are at low-risk of clinical disease, then there may be no need to use anthelmintics. Serology provides a means of assessing exposure to both cyathostomins and tapeworms, but it has its limitations and does not provide a validated means of assessing the risk of parasitic disease. The results of serology, results of faecal worm egg counts performed in the population through the preceding grazing season, and knowledge of management practices in the population should all be considered when assessing whether the risk of the disease to the individual is such that it must take priority over the ever-increasing threat of resistance in the equine population.

Monitoring Effects of Catchment Management Practices on Phosphorus Loads into the Eutrophic Peel-Harvey Estuary, Western Australia

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 53-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. B. Birch ◽  
G. G. Forbes ◽  
N. J. Schofield
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Major Change ◽  
High Flow ◽  
Catchment Management ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Early Results ◽  
Phosphorus Loads ◽  
Time Of Year ◽  
High Runoff

Early results from monitoring runoff suggest that the programme to reduce application of superphosphate to farmlands in surrounding catchments has been successful in reducing input of phosphorus to the eutrophic Peel-Harvey estuary. In the estuary this phosphorus fertilizes algae which grow in abundance and accumulate and pollute once clean beaches. The success of the programme has been judged from application of an empirical statistical model, which was derived from 6 years of data from the Harvey Estuary catchment prior to a major change in fertilizer practices in 1984. The model relates concentration of phosphorus with rate of flow and time of year. High phosphorus concentrations were associated with high flow rates and with flows early in the high runoff season (May-July). The model predicted that the distribution of flows in 1984 should have resulted in a flow-weighted concentration of phosphorus near the long-term average; the observed concentration was 25% below the long-term average. This means that the amount of phosphorus discharged into the Harvey Estuary could have been about 2 5% less than expected from the volume of runoff which occurred. However several more years of data are required to confirm this trend.

Reduce Disease Burden of Human Schistosomiasis in Asia Through Biological Control

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 1118-1132
Author(s):  
Sidra Saleem ◽  
Haroon Ahmed ◽  
Tooba Siddiqui ◽  
Seyma Gunyakti Kilinc ◽  
Aisha Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Parasitic Disease ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Neglected Disease ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Near Future

Schistosomiasis is a chronic parasitic disease caused by a trematode blood fluke of the genus Schistosoma that belongs to the Schistosomatidae family. It is a neglected disease in different regions of Asia. In this review, 218 articles (between 2000 and 2017) related to the topic were collected from PubMed and Google scholar and reviewed. After thoroughly reading collected articles, due to irrelevant topic requirements, 94 articles were excluded. Articles that have data associated with Asian regions are considered. In Asia, the disease is prevalent in China, Philippines, Indonesia, Yemen, Nepal and Laos, etc. While in Pakistan, India and Bangladesh, the disease is not endemic and very few cases were reported. The disease was eliminated from Japan and Iran. The current review highlights the geographical distribution among Asian countries, transmission patterns, diagnosis, control strategies based on the use of anthelmintic plants and management practices implemented in Asia for the control of schistosomiasis. However, new implementations to treat schistosomiasis in humans should be proved to eliminate the disease finally in the future. This review emphasizes the biological control of schistosomiasis for the eradication of the disease from Asia in the near future.

Comparable Outcomes of Short-Course and Prolonged-Course Therapy in Selected Cases of Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia: A Pooled Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Thorlacius-Ussing ◽  
Håkon Sandholdt ◽  
Jette Nissen ◽  
Jon Rasmussen ◽  
Robert Skov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Treatment Duration ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus Bacteremia ◽  
Short Course ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Background The recommended duration of antimicrobial treatment for Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) is a minimum of 14 days. We compared the clinical outcomes of patients receiving short-course (SC; 6–10 days), or prolonged-course (PC; 11–16 days) antibiotic therapy for low-risk methicillin-susceptible SAB (MS-SAB). Methods Adults with MS-SAB in 1995–2018 were included from 3 independent retrospective cohorts. Logistic regression models fitted with inverse probability of treatment weighting were used to assess the association between the primary outcome of 90-day mortality and treatment duration for the individual cohorts as well as a pooled cohort analysis. Results A total of 645, 219, and 141 patients with low-risk MS-SAB were included from cohorts I, II, and III. Median treatment duration in the 3 SC groups was 8 days (interquartile range [IQR], 7–10), 9 days (IQR, 8–10), and 8 days (IQR, 7–10). In the PC groups, patients received a median therapy of 14 days (IQR, 13–15), 14 days (IQR, 13–15), and 13 days (IQR, 12–15). No significant differences in 90-day mortality were observed between the SC and PC group in cohort I (odds ratio [OR], 0.85 [95% confidence interval {CI}, .49–1.41]), cohort II (OR, 1.24 [95% CI, .60–2.62]), or cohort III (OR, 1.15 [95% CI, .24–4.01]). This result was consistent in the pooled cohort analysis (OR, 1.05 [95% CI, .71–1.51]). Furthermore, duration of therapy was not associated with the risk of relapse. Conclusions In patients with low-risk MS-SAB, shorter courses of antimicrobial therapy yielded similar clinical outcomes as longer courses of therapy.

scholarly journals Leptospirosis in Ruminants in Yogyakarta, Indonesia: A Serological Survey with Mixed Methods to Identify Risk Factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Dyah Ayu Widiasih ◽  
Johanna Frida Lindahl ◽  
Wayan T. Artama ◽  
Adi Heru Sutomo ◽  
Pande Made Kutanegara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Behavior

Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease occurring worldwide with reproductive symptoms and production losses in livestock, while humans can suffer fatal renal failure. In Yogyakarta Special Province, Indonesia, there have been several outbreaks with high case fatality, demonstrating the public health importance, but there is limited understanding of the epidemiology. This study used an EcoHealth approach to ensure transdisciplinarity and community participation. Seroprevalence of Leptospira in animals was studied between October 2011 and May 2013 in 15 villages. Serum samples from 1404 cattle and 60 small ruminants were screened by a Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT), first in pools, and then the individual positive samples were identified. Focus group discussions including farmers, village officials, and official stakeholders were used to explore knowledge and behavior of zoonotic diseases, particularly leptospirosis. Two small ruminants were seropositive for Leptospira icterohemorrhagiae. From the cattle, 3.7% were seropositive, and the most common serovars were Leptospira hardjo, followed by L. icterohemorrhagiae. Out of all farms, 5.6% had at least one positive cattle. Risk factor analyses showed that the risk of the farm being seropositive increased if the farmer used water from an open source, or if farming was not the main occupation. This study showed the presence of Leptospira spp. in ruminants in Yogyakarta and identified use of open water as a risk factor for the livestock. We also observed that the knowledge related to leptospirosis was low, and risky farm management practices were commonly employed.

scholarly journals Research on the Relationship between Shared Leadership and Individual Creativity-Qualitative Comparative Analysis on the Basis of Clear Set

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5445
Author(s):  
Muyun Sun ◽  
Jigan Wang ◽  
Ting Wen
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Shared Leadership ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Qualitative Comparative Analysis ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Sufficient And Necessary Condition

Creativity is the key to obtaining and maintaining competitiveness of modern organizations, and it has attracted much attention from academic circles and management practices. Shared leadership is believed to effectively influence team output. However, research on the impact of individual creativity is still in its infancy. This study adopts the qualitative comparative analysis method, taking 1584 individuals as the research objects, underpinned by a questionnaire-based survey. It investigates the influence of the team’s shared leadership network elements and organizational environmental factors on the individual creativity. We have found that there are six combination of conditions of shared leadership and organizational environmental factors constituting sufficient combination of conditions to increase or decrease individual creativity. Moreover, we have noticed that the low network density of shared leadership is a sufficient and necessary condition of reducing individual creativity. Our results also provide management suggestions for practical activities during the team management.

Evaluation of the sensitivity of faecal sampling for detection of monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium and other Salmonella in cattle and pigs

2014 ◽  
Vol 143 (8) ◽  
pp. 1681-1691 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. ARNOLD ◽  
R. J. GOSLING ◽  
F. MARTELLI ◽  
D. MUELLER-DOBLIES ◽  
R. H. DAVIES
Keyword(s):  
Faecal Sample ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Sample Type ◽  
Sample Data ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Positive Groups

SUMMARYThere has been a rapid rise in the prevalence of cases of monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium (mST) in both humans and farm animals, and it has been found in pigs, cattle and poultry. It is therefore vital to have a good understanding of how to efficiently detect infected farms. The objective of this project was to determine sample type sensitivity in the detection of Salmonella to detect infected groups of animals on both pig (breeder, grower and finisher sites) and cattle (beef and dairy) farms, using data collected from a study investigating farms that were positive for mST, and to explore any variation between different age groups and management practices. A Bayesian approach in the absence of a gold standard was adopted to analyse the individual and pooled faecal sample data collected from each epidemiological group on each of the farms. The sensitivity of pooled sampling depended on the prevalence of infection in the group being sampled, with a higher prevalence leading to higher sensitivity. Pooled sampling was found to be more efficient at detecting positive groups of animals than individual sampling, with the probability of a random sample from a group of animals with 5% prevalence testing positive being equal to 15·5% for immature pigs (3·6% for an individual faecal sample, taking into account the sensitivity and infection prevalence), 7·1% for adult pigs (1·2% for individual sampling), 30% for outdoor cattle (2% for individual sampling) and 34% for indoor cattle (1% for individual sampling). The mean prevalence of each epidemiological group was higher in outdoor farms than indoor for both pigs and cattle (mean within-farm prevalence of 29·4% and 38·7% for outdoor pigs and cattle, respectively, compared to 19·8% and 22·1% for indoor pigs and cattle)

Parasitic control at housing in cattle: a modern rationale

Livestock ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 270-273
Author(s):  
Jennifer Allan
Keyword(s):  
Infection Risk ◽  
Anthelmintic Treatment ◽  
Parasitic Disease ◽  
Grazing Season ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Disease Complexes

Anthelmintic treatment at housing remains the cornerstone of common nematode and trematode management in the UK, taking advantage of the low re-infection risk once away from pasture. Treatment removes any endoparasite burdens acquired during the grazing season and reduces effects on productivity through the winter, as well as levels of larvae and eggs shed onto the pasture at spring turnout. This article covers the four most common parasitic disease complexes encountered in the UK that benefit from treatment at housing.

‘Persistence and Silence: A Narrative Analysis of Employee Responses to Organisational Change’

2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 73-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Bryant
Keyword(s):  
Narrative Analysis ◽  
Workplace Violence ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Resistance To Change ◽  
Organisational Change ◽  
Original Intent ◽  
Career Opportunities ◽  
Response To Change ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Employee Responses

This article is concerned with how employees talk about organisational change and focuses specifically on how employees discuss reactions and responses to change through the construction of narratives. Employees included in this study suggest that the use of voice as an attempt to inform managers of their discontent, or remaining silent and passive are the most common responses to organisational change. Within sociology and management literature, voice has been considered as a constructive response to change, providing invaluable feedback to managers about declining conditions or performance lapses. Alternatively, remaining silent or passive has been documented as a weak strategy in which the individual renounces control and forms a dependency relationship with powerful groups such as managers. The primary aim of this paper is to challenge the argument that voice is a constructive response to change and suggest that voice is likely to be perceived as destructive, thus leading to the removal of responsibilities and career opportunities. Furthermore, this paper argues that silence is the more constructive response to change, which is documented in this research as leading to the advancement of careers. Relationships between the way employees respond to organisational change and the type of narrative that they construct is also discussed. Those who report remaining silent construct ‘conversion stories’ suggesting that organisational change provided a turning point in which employees could embrace management practices and gain career advancement. Alternatively, those who reported using voice construct ‘atrocity tales’ in which change is associated with stories of workplace bullying, removal of career opportunities and workplace violence. These narratives suggest that the use of voice as a response to change is more complex than its original intent and explanation in the literature, providing challenges for researchers in understanding where voice as a constructive response ends and where resistance to change begins.

Identifying the effect of green human resource management practices on lean-agile (LEAGILE) and prioritizing its practices

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Somaieh Alavi ◽  
Hamid Aghakhani
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Human Resource Management ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Green Human Resource Management

PurposeThe present study attempted to identify, measure and prioritize key green human resource management (GHRM) practices to achieve the lean-agile mindset in the steel industry.Design/methodology/approachFollowing an in-depth review of the literature, this study identifies GHRM practices. Then, the effect of green HRM practices on the lean-agile mindset was evaluated using structural equation modeling (SEM). In the next step, using the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP), prioritization of practices that have significant effects on lean-agile mindset were discussed.FindingsThe present study introduced eight GHRM practices. The results of SEM showed a significant and positive effect of all GHRM practices on lean-agile mindset. Prioritization of GHRM practices by the FAHP was defined as green reward management, green education and development, green performance evaluation, green discipline management, green employment, green safety and health management, green selection and green career design.Research limitations/implicationsThe present study suffers from some limitations. First, the research was conducted at a temporal section. Second, this research has been conducted in a particular industry.Practical implicationsThe present study encourages human resource managers to increase their efforts to achieve green employees and put employee greenery in their strategic goals.Social implicationsSuccessful implementation of GHRM programs has positive consequences at the individual, organizational and community levels. Implementation of the identified actions increases employee vitality at the individual level. At the organizational level, the work environment of environmentally friendly organizations is also more attractive to job seekers. Finally, at the social and extra-organizational level, a green lifestyle is spread in the community, which will lead to a healthy and green environment.Originality/valueEmphasizing environmental principles on the one hand and creating the lean-agile mindset on the other are effective factors on maintaining the competitive advantage of industries. In this regard, the present study presented two innovations in HRM literature: (1) assessing the effect of GHRM practices on lean-agile mindset and (2) prioritizing GHRM practices based on the lean-agile mindset.

Employee Experience Design

2020 ◽  
pp. 110-127
Author(s):  
Nitu Ghosh ◽  
Urmila Itam
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Employee Engagement ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Experience Design ◽  
Qualitative Survey ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Hr Managers ◽  
Employee Experience ◽  
The Relationship

The philosophy of employee experience has been advocated as an effective tool to achieve the highest level of employee engagement in a business environment characterized by increased dynamism in workforce demography, psychography, competencies, and expectations. Employee experience encapsulates the overall journey of an employee in an organization from hire to exit, encompassing their experiences, what they feel, do, and achieve from the company. It is a comprehensive view of the relationship shared and experienced between the individual and the organization right from the application stage to stage they join the alumni group after their exit. The chapter explores this new philosophy in current human capital management practices that aims at revamping the HR practices and policies so as to create an experience that provides the highest level of engagement. Based on content analysis qualitative survey of various HR managers, opinions and new age thoughts in HRM practices has been highlighted in this chapter, giving an innovative dimension to HRM.

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