Parasitic control at housing in cattle: a modern rationale

Livestock ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 270-273
Author(s):  
Jennifer Allan
Keyword(s):  
Infection Risk ◽  
Anthelmintic Treatment ◽  
Parasitic Disease ◽  
Grazing Season ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Disease Complexes

Anthelmintic treatment at housing remains the cornerstone of common nematode and trematode management in the UK, taking advantage of the low re-infection risk once away from pasture. Treatment removes any endoparasite burdens acquired during the grazing season and reduces effects on productivity through the winter, as well as levels of larvae and eggs shed onto the pasture at spring turnout. This article covers the four most common parasitic disease complexes encountered in the UK that benefit from treatment at housing.

scholarly journals Carpal tunnel decompression in primary care: what is the infection risk and is it safe and effective?

2019 ◽  
Vol 101 (5) ◽  
pp. 353-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Palial ◽  
A Kheiran ◽  
S Siddiqui
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Carpal Tunnel ◽  
Hand Surgery ◽  
Infection Risk ◽  
Standards Of Care ◽  
Safe Alternative ◽  
Treatment Room ◽  
Alternative Setting ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Patient Outcome Measures

Introduction The demand for elective hand surgery in England is predicted to double by 2030 compared with 2011. With such increase in demand, the UK must seek strategies to reduce costs of treatment while still maintaining standards of care. Carpal tunnel decompression performed in a treatment room rather than in theatre may provide a safe alternative setting. As yet, there are no UK-based studies that identify the risk of infection following surgery performed in a treatment room and there are no studies whatsoever assessing the qualitative outcomes of patients undergoing hand surgery outside a theatre environment. Our aim was to assess whether carpal tunnel decompression performed in the community is safe, in terms of infection risk, and effective. Materials and methods Patient outcome measures were prospectively recorded following carpal tunnel decompression in one single primary care centre performed by one surgeon from 2012 to 2017. Infection following surgery was evaluated for retrospectively. Results A total of 460 patients underwent carpal tunnel decompression within the study time period. There were three superficial infections identified, giving an infection rate of 0.65%. There were no deep infections identified. There was a statistically significant improvement in both symptom and functional outcomes following surgery, with results comparable to other studies where surgery was performed in theatre. Discussion We believe that carpal tunnel decompressions performed in a treatment room is both safe, in terms of infection risk, and effective. Surgeons should consider this location as an alternative setting to the main operating theatre.

scholarly journals Covid-19 and the ‘new normal’: are remote video consultations here to stay?

2020 ◽  
Vol 135 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
Elaine Bidmead ◽  
Alison Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Work Satisfaction ◽  
Infection Risk ◽  
Organizational Readiness ◽  
New Normal ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Robust Evidence

Abstract Introduction During the UK Covid-19 lockdown, video consultations (telemedicine) were encouraged. The extent of usage, and to which concerns to earlier implementation were set aside, is unknown; this is worthy of exploration as data becomes available. Sources of data Sources of data are as follows: published case studies, editorials, news articles and government guidance. Areas of agreement Video can be clinically effective, especially where patients cannot attend due to illness or infection risk. Patients are positive, and they can benefit from savings in time and money. Adoption of telemedicine is hindered by a range of known barriers including clinician resistance due to technological problems, disrupted routines, increased workload, decreased work satisfaction and organizational readiness. Areas of controversy Despite policy impetus and successful pilots, telemedicine has not been adopted at scale. Growing points Increased use of telemedicine during the Covid-19 crisis presents opportunities to obtain robust evidence of issues and create service transformation effectively. Areas timely for developing research Examination of telemedicine use during the Covid-19 crisis to ensure that the benefits and usage continue into the post-lockdown, ‘new normal’ world.

scholarly journals A new perspective from time use research on the effects of lockdown on COVID-19 behavioral infection risk

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Gershuny ◽  
Oriel Sullivan ◽  
Almudena Sevilla ◽  
Marga Vega-Rapun ◽  
Francesca Foliano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Time Use ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Infection Risk ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Daily Behavior ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Time Use Research ◽  
Activity Location

We present findings from the first two waves of an innovative, population-representative, UK time-use diary survey conducted both pre- and mid-lockdown, using an online diary instrument that proved both reliable and quick-to-field. Combining diary information on activity, location, and co-presence to estimate infection risks associated with daily behavior, we show clear changes in such behavior related to infection risk between the pre and mid-lockdown periods: a substantial reduction of time spent in those behaviors with the highest levels of risk, accompanied by an equivalent increase in low-risk behavior. Because, in general, a populations’ time use changes relatively slowly, the behavioral changes revealed may be interpreted directly as a consequence of the UK COVID-19 ‘lockdown’ regulations. Subsequent waves will reveal the behavioral consequences of future changes in regulation

Carcass compositional changes in beef cattle during the grazing season

1986 ◽  
Vol 1986 ◽  
pp. 22-22
Author(s):  
C E Hinks ◽  
E A Hunter ◽  
B G Lowman ◽  
D R Neilson
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Compositional Data ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Grazing Season ◽  
Statistical Confidence ◽  
Compositional Changes ◽  
Quantitative Changes ◽  
The Uk

Information relating to the carcass composition of grass-fattened beef cattle in the UK is not only limited in extent, but is also frequently uni-dimensional, in that the quantitative changes in carcass composition with time cannot be readily assessed. Furthermore, the methods used in selecting animals for slaughter (the visual appraisal of condition) introduces a source of non-random variation that cannot be removed with statistical confidence.The primary objective of the analysis reported here, therefore, was to evaluate the effects of time on carcass composition and thereby provide information upon which objective production strategies could be based.48 fattening steers and heifers (16-19 months old and 355 kg liveweight) of two contrasting breed types (Charolais x Hereford x Friesian and Hereford x Friesian) were summer grazed at a stocking rate of 5 animals per hectare. The animals were randomly allocated (at the start of the grazing season) to three slaughter points covering a 12 week period from early July to early October. The commercial saleable meat yield of the left side of each animal was measured together with compositional data from rib sample joints.

Autumn de-worming

UK-Vet Equine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 238-240
Author(s):  
David Rendle
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Clinical Disease ◽  
Parasitic Disease ◽  
Grazing Season ◽  
Time Of Year ◽  
The Individual

Autumn is traditionally a time when most horses are de-wormed with one or more products that are effective against tapeworms and both adult and larval roundworms. However, the increasing prevalence of resistance and availability of diagnostics should prompt scrutiny of whether blanket de-worming at this time of year is appropriate. If management is good and horses are at low-risk of clinical disease, then there may be no need to use anthelmintics. Serology provides a means of assessing exposure to both cyathostomins and tapeworms, but it has its limitations and does not provide a validated means of assessing the risk of parasitic disease. The results of serology, results of faecal worm egg counts performed in the population through the preceding grazing season, and knowledge of management practices in the population should all be considered when assessing whether the risk of the disease to the individual is such that it must take priority over the ever-increasing threat of resistance in the equine population.

scholarly journals Prospective, multicentre study of external ventricular drainage-related infections in the UK and Ireland

2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aimun A B Jamjoom ◽  
Alexis J Joannides ◽  
Michael Tin-Chung Poon ◽  
Aswin Chari ◽  
Malik Zaben ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cox Regression ◽  
External Ventricular Drain ◽  
Major Complication ◽  
External Ventricular Drainage ◽  
Primary Outcome Measure ◽  
Infection Risk ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Uk

ObjectivesExternal ventricular drain (EVD) insertion is a common neurosurgical procedure. EVD-related infection (ERI) is a major complication that can lead to morbidity and mortality. In this study, we aimed to establish a national ERI rate in the UK and Ireland and determine key factors influencing the infection risk.MethodsA prospective multicentre cohort study of EVD insertions in 21 neurosurgical units was performed over 6 months. The primary outcome measure was 30-day ERI. A Cox regression model was used for multivariate analysis to calculate HR.ResultsA total of 495 EVD catheters were inserted into 452 patients with EVDs remaining in situ for 4700 days (median 8 days; IQR 4–13). Of the catheters inserted, 188 (38%) were antibiotic-impregnated, 161 (32.5%) were plain and 146 (29.5%) were silver-bearing. A total of 46 ERIs occurred giving an infection risk of 9.3%. Cox regression analysis demonstrated that factors independently associated with increased infection risk included duration of EVD placement for ≥8 days (HR=2.47 (1.12–5.45); p=0.03), regular sampling (daily sampling (HR=4.73 (1.28–17.42), p=0.02) and alternate day sampling (HR=5.28 (2.25–12.38); p<0.01). There was no association between catheter type or tunnelling distance and ERI.ConclusionsIn the UK and Ireland, the ERI rate was 9.3% during the study period. The study demonstrated that EVDs left in situ for ≥8 days and those sampled more frequently were associated with a higher risk of infection. Importantly, the study showed no significant difference in ERI risk between different catheter types.

scholarly journals Fascioliasis: una causa infrecuente de obstrucción de vía biliar. Reporte de un caso

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amada Belén Geldres Molina ◽  
Juan Luis Romero García ◽  
Laura Isabel García Honores ◽  
Christian Eduardo Alcántara Figueroa
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Jaundice ◽  
Biliary Tract ◽  
Bile Ducts ◽  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Anthelmintic Treatment ◽  
Parasitic Disease ◽  
Endoscopic Retrograde ◽  
Adult Form ◽  
The Ideal

Hepatic fascioliasis is a parasitic disease caused by the fluke Fasciola hepatica. In the chronic phase of the disease, the adult form of the parasite adopts the bile ducts as the ideal environment to develop, causing them to dilate and simulating an obstructive jaundice process. The case of a 48-year-old woman is presented, who was admitted for jaundice, choluria and eight loss. After the corresponding complementary studies had been carried out, an endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERCP) was performed and an adult Fasciola hepatica parasite was extracted from the biliary tract. Subsequently, anthelmintic treatment with triclabendazole was started, resulting in a favorable evolution and resolution of the condition.

scholarly journals Haematological abnormalities in new-onset rheumatoid arthritis and risk of common infections: a population-based study

Rheumatology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 997-1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Nikiphorou ◽  
Simon de Lusignan ◽  
Christian Mallen ◽  
Kaivan Khavandi ◽  
Jacqueline Roberts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Infection Risk ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Models ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Common Infections

Abstract Objectives To describe the prevalence of haematological abnormalities in individuals with RA at the point of diagnosis in primary care and the associations between haematological abnormalities, vaccinations and subsequent risk of common infections. Methods We studied 6591 individuals with newly diagnosed RA between 2004 and 2016 inclusive using the UK Royal College of General Practitioners Research and Surveillance Centre primary care database. The prevalence of haematological abnormalities at diagnosis (anaemia, neutropenia and lymphopenia) was established. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the association between each haematological abnormality and time to common infections and the influence of vaccination status (influenza and pneumococcal vaccine) on time to common infections in individuals with RA compared with a matched cohort of individuals without RA. Results Anaemia was common at RA diagnosis (16.1% of individuals), with neutropenia (0.6%) and lymphopenia (1.4%) less so. Lymphopenia and anaemia were associated with increased infection risk [hazard ratio (HR) 1.18 (95% CI 1.08, 1.29) and HR 1.37 (95% CI 1.08, 1.73), respectively]. There was no evidence of an association between neutropenia and infection risk [HR 0.94 (95% CI 0.60, 1.47)]. Pneumonia was much more common in individuals with early RA compared with controls. Influenza vaccination was associated with reduced risk of influenza-like illness only for individuals with RA [HR 0.58 (95% CI 0.37, 0.90)]. Conclusion At diagnosis, anaemia and lymphopenia, but not neutropenia, increase the risk of common infections in individuals with RA. Our data support the effectiveness of the influenza vaccination in individuals with RA.

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