The Revolution of 1258

Henry III ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 675-699
Author(s):  
David Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
The Future ◽  
Papal Court ◽  
Louis Ix ◽  
The Revolution

This chapter discusses the revolution of 1258. Between the parliaments of October 1257 and April 1258, Henry III spent all his time at Westminster apart from visits to Merton, Guildford, and Windsor. The king was anxiously awaiting the return of his envoys from both the papal court and the court of Louis IX. On both depended the future of the Sicilian enterprise. If that were not enough, Henry was also facing the prospect of war on two fronts in Britain. With the king denying justice to John FitzGeoffrey while asking for a monstrous tax to pursue his Sicilian dreams, seven magnates decided to take action. The aim of the seven was to bring down the Lusignans and force through a general reform of the realm. On April 30, 1258, Roger Bigod demanded action against the ‘intolerable’ Lusignans and the reform of the realm by twenty-four men chosen by the baronage. No tax was to be imposed without the consent of the twenty-four and they were to appoint someone to keep the king's seal. Henry had resisted such demands for fourteen years. Now confronted by men in armour and fearing imprisonment, he gave way.

“Escola Nova”: The New Secondary School in Mozambique

1978 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-34
Author(s):  
Chris Searle
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
The Future ◽  
Deep Significance ◽  
The Revolution

Our schools, our syllabuses, our independence—without which we would not be here—are the fruit of scarifice, of the struggle of generations of our ancestors, of our grandparents, of our parents. They are the fruit of Revolution.To the students we say: you are those who continue the Revolution. We leave in you all our hopes, the hopes of the future of our country. But in order that you can continue the Revolution, you must assume the deep significance of your mission as students. You must understand that the school where you study is the fruit of the blood of sacrifice of our People.

The Conseil Constitutionnel and Judicial Review

1991 ◽  
Vol 12 (x) ◽  
pp. 61-82
Author(s):  
Richard Cicchillo
Keyword(s):  
Judicial Review ◽  
Ancien Regime ◽  
Similar System ◽  
Modern France ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Law ◽  
Ancien Régime ◽  
The Revolution

For Americans, long accustomed to judicial review of the law, the traditional absence of a similar system of constitutional control in France comes as a surprise. Closer examination however, reveals that the French politico-historico-judicial tradition inherited from the Ancien Régime and the Revolution of 1789 is deeply opposed to the development of "government by the judges." Why did the Revolution react against the judiciary? How has the idea of constitutional control evolved in modern France? What are the possible sources of legitimacy for an institution (the Conseil constitutionnel) and a concept (judicial review) cut off from the sanction of tradition? What is the future of the Conseil?

Japan and the Revolution in Military Affairs

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-196
Author(s):  
Tom Le
Keyword(s):  
Armed Forces ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Future ◽  
Revolution In Military Affairs ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Self Defence ◽  
The Revolution

The Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA) has not only changed how the USA engages in warfare but also how it maintains its military supremacy and how other nations budget and strategize. The very idea of the RMA has impacted how nations manage their technological advantages and raises the questions of can the RMA be monopolized and if not, which nations can adopt their own RMA? In September 2000, the Japan Defence Agency (now the Ministry of Defence [MOD]) produced a report titled ‘“Info-RMA”: Study on Info-RMA and the Future of the Self-Defence Forces’ to explore the prospects of implementing RMA principles in the Japan Self-Defence Forces. In this article, I explore to what extent can RMA principles be implemented in the Self-Defence Forces? I argue that although several significant changes have been implemented in technology, doctrine, operations and organization, various normative and technical constraints have directed the MOD to craft an RMA with Japanese characteristics, emphasizing defence and interconnectedness with the US armed forces. These findings suggest that current efforts to ‘normalize’ the Self-Defence Forces can succeed if crafted to appeal to the sensibilities of the Japanese public.

Historical Heroes of modern Ukrainian Students

2020 ◽  
pp. 54-59
Author(s):  
M. Kamionka
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Contemporary History ◽  
Historical Knowledge ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Orange Revolution ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
The Revolution

Ukrainian youth from the beginning of the country’s independence was a catalyst for democratic changes. From the Revolution on Granite, through the Sumy’s Revolution on Grass and Orange Revolution to the Revolution of Dignity and the war in the East, undeniably it was the youth who fought for the future of Ukraine. While appreciating the contribution of young people to the contemporary history of Ukraine, it is essential to ask which national heroes and what historical events are important to the young generation. Thanks to the research conducted in 2017-2018 on a representative group of Ukrainian youth (1043 respondents), the author can answer that question. The results show that there are no surprises; the research confirms the all-Ukrainian results and shares knowledge on this subject. However, it is worth emphasizing some surprises, as well as the frequent selection of the answer “neutral attitude” to historical events, which may indicate the lack of historical knowledge among the surveyed youth.

Screening the New (Wo)Man of the Revolution

Mulata Nation ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 150-174
Author(s):  
Alison Fraunhar
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Race ◽  
The Future ◽  
Cuban History ◽  
The Revolution

Images of mulatas and the performance of mulataje (the quality of being or performing like a mulata) have been woven through Cuban culture since European slavery introduced Africans onto the island and Europeans and Africans produced mixed-race offspring. As the island reached toward and eventually achieved independence, tropic characters helped the nation to define its identity. The so-called triumph of the revolution in 1959 sought to overturn the negative aspects of these stereotypes of identity and replace them with a pedagogy of citizenship. The mulata, as characterized in revolutionary cinema, protagonized this process. One of the first achievements of the revolution was the establishment of a national film institute, and it was through this institution, films that reframed Cuban history, and films that revised the future were produced. These films, along with other ambitious revolutionary campaigns, sought to recuperate marginalized people, especially women and Afro-Cubans, and integrate them into the new society.

“Murder, Robbery, Rape, Adultery, and Incest”

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duncan Faherty
Keyword(s):  
National Development ◽  
Haitian Revolution ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Future ◽  
Before And After ◽  
True Source ◽  
Cultural Mores ◽  
The Haitian Revolution ◽  
The Revolution

This essay considers how and why Federalist writers turned to the medium of fiction after the Revolution of 1800 in order to continue to express their concerns about the dangers of a Jeffersonian ascendency and the future of national development. By exploring the connections between rhetorical practices before and after Jefferson’s election, I argue that Federalist writers deployed the same tropes and metaphors to reflect on the loss of their authority despite the shift in genre from newspaper editorial to the novel form. Central to this practice was the use of reflections on the Haitian Revolution which served to represent the instabilities of plantation culture and its capacity to erode cultural mores. The essay focuses on Martha Meredith Read’s Margaretta (1807) as an emblematic example of the ways in which Federalist writers sought to deploy representations of planter decadence as a means of critiquing Jeffersonian power. Yet more than simply critiquing Jeffersonianism, Read also seeks to reframe the tenets of Federalism by advocating that properly ordered domestic spheres are the true source of cultural stability.

Surviving the revolution? The voluntary sector under Transforming Rehabilitation in England and Wales

2020 ◽  
pp. 221-238
Author(s):  
Kevin Wong ◽  
Rob Macmillan
Keyword(s):  
Turning Point ◽  
Voluntary Sector ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Future ◽  
Probation Service ◽  
Open Question ◽  
The Revolution

Regarded by commentators as an emollient to soothe critics of the part privatisation of the public probation service, the Transforming Rehabilitation (TR) reforms in England and Wales promised an enlarged role for the voluntary sector in the resettlement and rehabilitation of offenders. Whether such changes mark a decisive turning point or in the fullness of time represent just another twist in the long and messy narrative of voluntary sector provision of offender services remains an open question. This chapter will examine the role and fortunes of the sector during the tumultuous period between 2014 and 2019 and identify what lessons can be learnt for the future.

François-René de Chateaubriand

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Marie Roulin
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
French Revolution ◽  
Literary History ◽  
Modern Literature ◽  
The Future ◽  
Benjamin Constant ◽  
New Literature ◽  
The French Revolution ◽  
The Revolution

Chateaubriand’s seminal debate with de Staël at the dawn of the nineteenth century around perceptions of literary history and the orientations of modern literature was largely focused on what aspects of this Enlightenment legacy should be retained or rejected. A contemporary of Germaine de Staël and Benjamin Constant, Chateaubriand was marked, like them, by the experience of the French Revolution. This sets him apart from the Romantics of the ‘battle ofHernani’ (1830), for whom the Revolution was a pre-existing narrative. For Chateaubriand’s generation the Revolution was crucial, posing ontological, political, and metaphysical questions—how could that ‘river of blood’ be crossed, to borrow one of his recurrent metaphors? What should the new literature be like, and for what type of society in revolutionized France? Chateaubriand’s Romanticism was first of all an answer to these questions, an elegiac adieu to a past forever lost and an uneasy questioning of the future.

Democracy before Tocqueville: Michel Chevalier's America

2006 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 398-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Jennings
Keyword(s):  
American Culture ◽  
Alexis De Tocqueville ◽  
Scholarly Literature ◽  
The Future ◽  
Revolution Of 1848 ◽  
The Revolution

This article explores the writings of Michel Chevalier, a contemporary of Alexis de Tocqueville, on America. Despite widespread praise, Chevalier's text Lettres sur l'Amérique du Nord has been largely ignored in the scholarly literature. This article, therefore, reveals the nature of the account of America provided by Chevalier and, thereby, compares and contrasts his account with the more famous account penned by Tocqueville. In particular, it shows that Chevalier, viewing America from a Saint-Simonian background, was more aware of the economic dimensions of American culture and society than was Tocqueville. However, both recognized the differences that separated a democratic America from an aristocratic Europe and that the future lay with the former. The article concludes by examining the views of both Tocqueville and Chevalier on America in the wake of the Revolution of 1848, showing how America now figured as the model of a moderate republic for both authors.

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