Live Imaging of Cell Shape During Cell Division

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017.52 (0) ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
Yoshihiro Oda ◽  
Yohsuke Imai ◽  
Keiko Numayama-Tsuruta ◽  
Takuji Ishikawa
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Cell Shape ◽  
Live Imaging

The role of microtubules in chick blastoderm expansion—a quantitative study using colchicine

Development ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 265-277
Author(s):  
J. R. Downie
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Cell Shape ◽  
Shape Change ◽  
Cell Sheet ◽  
Cell Movement ◽  
Vitelline Membrane ◽  
General Context ◽  
Chick Blastoderm ◽  
Cell Shape Change ◽  
Cytoplasmic Microtubules

Since their discovery, cytoplasmic microtubules have been much studied in the context of cell movement and cell shape change. Much of the work has used drugs, particularly colchicine and its relatives, which break down microtubules — the so-called anti-tubulins. Colchicine inhibits the orientated movements of many cell types in vitro, and disrupts cell shape change in several morphogenetic situations. The investigation reported here used chick blastoderm expansion in New culture in an attempt to quantify the colchicine effect on orientated cell movement. However, although colchicine could halt blastoderm expansion entirely, a simple interpretation was not possible. (1) Colchicine at concentrations capable of blocking mitosis, and of disrupting all or most of the cytoplasmic microtubules of the cells studied, inhibited blastoderm expansion, often resulting in an overall retraction of the cell sheet. (2) Though blastoderm expansion does normally involve considerable cell proliferation, the colchicine effect could not be ascribed to a block on cell division since aminopterin, which stops cell division without affecting microtubules, did not inhibit expansion. (3) Blastoderm expansion is effected by the locomotion of a specialized band of edge cells at the blastoderm periphery. These are the only cells normally attached to the vitelline membrane — the substrate for expansion. When most of the blastoderm was excised, leaving the band of edge cells, and the cultures then treated with colchicine, expansion occurred normally. The colchicine effect on blastoderm expansion could not therefore be ascribed to a direct effect on the edge cells. (4) An alternative site of action of the drug is the remaining cells of the blastoderm. These normally become progressively flatter as expansion proceeds. If flattening in these cells is even partially dependent on their cytoplasmic microtubules, disruption of these microtubules might result in the inherent contractility of the cells resisting and eventually halting edge cell migration. That cell shape in these cells is dependent on microtubules was demonstrated by treating flat blastoderm fragments with colchicine. On incubation, the area occupied by these fragments decreased by 25–30 % more than controls. The significance of these results in the general context of orientated cell movements and cell shape determination is discussed, with particular emphasis on the analogous system of Fundulus epiboly.

scholarly journals Cell shape anisotropy and motility constrain self-organised feather pattern fidelity in birds

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camille Curantz ◽  
Richard Bailleul ◽  
Magdalena Hidalgo ◽  
Melina Durande ◽  
François Graner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Motility ◽  
Cell Shape ◽  
Species Differences ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Live Imaging ◽  
Developmental Pattern ◽  
Stochastic Fluctuations ◽  
Dermal Cell ◽  
Self Organisation ◽  
Cell Anisotropy

SummaryCellular self-organisation can emerge from stochastic fluctuations in properties of a developing tissue1–3. This mechanism explains the production of various motifs seen in nature4–7. However, events channelling its outcomes such that patterns are produced with reproducible precision key to fitness remain unexplored. Here, we compared the dynamic emergence of feather primordia arrays in poultry, finch, emu, ostrich and penguin embryos and correlated inter-species differences in pattern fidelity to the amplitude of dermal cell anisotropy in the un-patterned tissue. Using live imaging and ex vivo perturbations in these species, we showed that cell anisotropy optimises cell motility for sharp and precisely located primordia formation, and thus, proper pattern geometry. These results evidence a mechanism through which collective cellular properties of a developmental pattern system ensure stability in its self-organisation and contribute to its evolution.

scholarly journals Apical Constriction Reversal upon Mitotic Entry Underlies Different Morphogenetic Outcomes of Cell Division

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clint S. Ko ◽  
Prateek Kalakuntla ◽  
Adam C. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Cell Shape ◽  
Mitotic Cell ◽  
Signal Interference ◽  
Apical Constriction ◽  
Mitotic Entry ◽  
Cell Divisions ◽  
Cell Shape Changes ◽  
Shape Changes ◽  
Mitotic Cells

AbstractDuring development, coordinated cell shape changes and cell divisions sculpt tissues. While these individual cell behaviors have been extensively studied, how cell shape changes and cell divisions that occur concurrently in epithelia influence tissue shape is less understood. We addressed this question in two contexts of the early Drosophila embryo: premature cell division during mesoderm invagination, and native ectodermal cell divisions with ectopic activation of apical contractility. Using quantitative live-cell imaging, we demonstrated that mitotic entry reverses apical contractility by interfering with medioapical RhoA signaling. While premature mitotic entry inhibits mesoderm invagination, which relies on apical constriction, mitotic entry in an artificially contractile ectoderm induced ectopic tissue invaginations. Ectopic invaginations resulted from medioapical myosin loss in neighboring mitotic cells. This myosin loss enabled non-mitotic cells to apically constrict through mitotic cell stretching. Thus, the spatial pattern of mitotic entry can differentially regulate tissue shape through signal interference between apical contractility and mitosis.

scholarly journals Continuous live imaging of adult neural stem cell division and lineage progression in vitro

Development ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 138 (6) ◽  
pp. 1057-1068 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Costa ◽  
F. Ortega ◽  
M. S. Brill ◽  
R. Beckervordersandforth ◽  
C. Petrone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Neural Stem Cell ◽  
Live Imaging ◽  
Adult Neural Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Division

scholarly journals Cell shape and intercellular adhesion regulate mitotic spindle orientation

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (19) ◽  
pp. 2458-2468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingchen Li ◽  
Longcan Cheng ◽  
Hongyuan Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Cell Shape ◽  
Intercellular Adhesion ◽  
Shape Anisotropy ◽  
Spindle Orientation ◽  
Mitotic Spindles ◽  
Strong Adhesion ◽  
Fate Decision

Cell division orientation plays an essential role in tissue morphogenesis and cell fate decision. Recent studies showed that either cell shape or adhesion geometry can regulate the orientation of mitotic spindles and thereby the cell division orientation. However, how they together regulate the spindle orientation remains largely unclear. In this work, we use a general computational model to investigate the competitive mechanism of determining the spindle orientation between cell shape and intercellular adhesion in epithelial cells. We find the spindle orientation is dominated by the intercellular adhesion when the cell shape anisotropy is small, but dominated by the cell shape when the shape anisotropy is large. A strong adhesion and moderate adhesive size can ensure the planar division of epithelial cells with large apico-basal elongation. We also find the spindle orientation could be perpendicular to the adhesive region when only one side of the cell is adhered to an E-cadherin–coated matrix. But after the cell is compressed, the spindle orientation is governed by the cell shape and the spindle will be parallel to the adhesive region when the cell shape anisotropy is large. Finally, we demonstrate the competition between cell shape and tricellular junctions can also effectively regulate the spindle orientation.

scholarly journals Contribution of Aggregation-Promoting Factor to Maintenance of Cell Shape in Lactobacillusgasseri 4B2

2003 ◽  
Vol 185 (11) ◽  
pp. 3288-3296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Jankovic ◽  
Marco Ventura ◽  
Valerie Meylan ◽  
Martine Rouvet ◽  
Marina Elli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Promoter Region ◽  
Cell Shape ◽  
Down Regulation ◽  
Copy Number Plasmid ◽  
Recombinant Cells ◽  
High Copy Number Plasmid ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACT Aggregation-promoting factor (APF) was originally described as a protein involved in the conjugation and autoaggregation of Lactobacillus gasseri 4B2, whose corresponding apf gene was cloned and sequenced. In this report, we identified and sequenced an additional apf gene located in the region upstream of the previously published one. Inactivation of both apf genes was unsuccessful, indicating that APF function may be essential for the cell. Overproduction of APF proteins caused drastic alteration in the cell shape of this strain. These cells were irregular, twisted, enlarged, and tightly bound in unbreakable clumps of chains. Down-regulation of APF synthesis was achieved by cloning of the apf2 promoter region on a high-copy-number plasmid, which recruited a putative apf activator. As a consequence, the shape of the corresponding recombinant cells was elongated (filamentous) and cell division sites were no longer visible. None of the induced changes in APF production levels was clearly correlated with modifications of the aggregation phenotype. This report shows, for the first time, that APF proteins are mainly critical for L. gasseri 4B2 cell shape maintenance.

scholarly journals Cell Shape and Cell Division in Fission Yeast

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (17) ◽  
pp. R823-R827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthieu Piel ◽  
Phong T. Tran
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Fission Yeast ◽  
Cell Shape

Microtubule Architectural Dynamics Determine Cell Shape and Cell Division Site in Fission Yeast

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (S02) ◽  
pp. 162-163
Author(s):  
Isabelle Loiodice ◽  
Marcel E. Janson ◽  
Jamye Staub ◽  
Thanuja Gangi-Setty ◽  
Nam P. Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Fission Yeast ◽  
Cell Shape ◽  
Division Site

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.

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