Adoption of Rice Field Preparation Practices to Manage Soil Sediment in Surface Water

2002 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. Salassi ◽  
Marisa L. Zansler ◽  
G. Grant Giesler
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Rice Field ◽  
Soil Sediment

Effects of acute triclosan exposure on gill and liver tissues of zebrafish (Danio rerio)

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Sezgi Arman
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Antimicrobial Agent ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase ◽  
Adult Zebrafish ◽  
Soil Sediment ◽  
Apoptotic Effect ◽  
Parenchymal Cells ◽  
Sublethal Concentrations ◽  
Liver Tissues

Triclosan (TCS) is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent found in personal care, household, veterinary, medical, and industrial products. TCS has been detected in soil, sediment, and surface water. In the current work, the effects of acute exposure to TCS on gill and liver tissues of zebrafish were evaluated. Adult zebrafish were treated with sublethal concentrations of TCS (34, 85, and 170 μg/L) for 120 h. Gill and liver samples were removed and embedded in paraffin for histopathological investigations. TCS induced aneurysm, capillary dilation, lamellar disorganization, hyperplasia, epithelial lifting, and desquamation in the gills. Liver specimens showed sinusoidal dilation, congestion, vacuolization, hepatocellular degeneration, and necrosis. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay was performed to observe the apoptotic effect of TCS. Accordingly, no apoptotic cells were detected in the specimens of 34 μg/L of TCS exposed gills, while the slides of 85 and 170 μg/L of TCS treated gills showed a high number of TUNEL-positive cells. In the liver, no TUNEL-positive cells were identified in 34 μg/L of TCS treated samples of zebrafish. 85 and 170 μg/L of TCS exposed livers showed few hepatic parenchymal cells undergoing apoptosis.

Biochemistry of water-logged soils: Part II. The presence of a deaminase in water-logged soils and its rôle in the production of ammonia

1927 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Subrahmanyan
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Biological Action ◽  
Plant Food ◽  
Soil Sediment ◽  
Dry Out ◽  
Active Preparation ◽  
Production Of Ammonia

(1) The ammonia formed in water-logged soils was present mostly in the soil sediment. The surface water contained only a very small portion of the total amount produced.(2) Added ammonia was in a similar manner retained mostly in the soil itself. It could not be leached out by extraction with water nor volatilised with increase of temperature. There is evidence to show that the ammonia exists in the soil as an exchangeable base.(3) On allowing the soils to dry out the ammonia disappeared rapidly and corresponding amounts of nitrates were formed. Very little ammonia was lost by volatilisation.(4) The production of ammonia took place even in presence of volatile antiseptics. The reaction was shown to be brought about by a deaminase.(5) Studies with a number of proteins and ammo acids showed that only very simple amino compounds (glycine aspartic acid and asparagine) were deaminised. Witte's peptone, which contains amino acids, was also attacked.(6) An active preparation of enzyme was extracted from the soil with an aqueous solution of glycerin saturated with toluene.(7) Significant deaminising action was shown by the enzymes from cultures of the mixed microflora of the soils.(8) By acting on amino bodies that are otherwise resistant to biological action the deaminase probably helps to release readily available plant food. Its action should be of great importance in tropical swamp soils.

scholarly journals The impact of pesticides used at the agricultural land of the Puck commune on the environment of the Puck Bay

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e8789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grażyna Pazikowska-Sapota ◽  
Katarzyna Galer-Tatarowicz ◽  
Grażyna Dembska ◽  
Marta Wojtkiewicz ◽  
Ewelina Duljas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Environmental Matrices ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Soil Sediment ◽  
Agricultural Regions ◽  
Chlorpyrifos Ethyl ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Puck Bay

Background The Puck commune is one of the largest agricultural regions in the Pomeranian Voivodship that due to the pollution of the coastal zone negatively affects the functioning of the Puck Bay, including health of its inhabitants, and causes decrease in tourism as well as in overall economic value of the region. The objective of the undertaken study was to assess the extent of risk to the environment posed by the pesticides used in agricultural production in the coastal area of the Puck commune. Methods The study focused on organochlorine insecticides (DDT and its metabolites: α, β, ϒ, δ-HCH, aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, isodrine), glyphosate and its metabolite AMPA, and 309 active substances used as pesticides. Analyses were carried out using GC-MS, GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS techniques. The undertaken novel approach included “tracking” of a large number of substances in multiple environmental matrices (surface water, groundwater, seawater, soil, sediment and fish), along with examination of their transport routes from the pesticides application locality to the Puck Bay. Results Glyphosate and its metabolite AMPA, anthraquinone, boscalid, chlorpyrifos-ethyl, dimethachlor, diflufenican, difenoconazole, epoxiconazole, fluopicolide and metazachlor were found in soil samples and surface water samples collected from drainage ditches surrounding the studied agricultural plots. In the samples of seawater and fish taken from the Puck Bay no studied pesticides were found.

scholarly journals THE AMOUNT AND SPECIATION OF TRACE ELEMENTS TRANSPORTED FROM RICE FIELD TO CANAL DURING A FLOODING EVENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 594
Author(s):  
Ha Thu Trinh ◽  
Hanh Thi Duong ◽  
Minh Thi Tue Hoang ◽  
Ann Christin Struwe Struwe-Voscul ◽  
Bjarne W Strobel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Rice Field ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Who Guidelines ◽  
Water Quality Standards ◽  
Flooding Event

Trace element pollution of soils, sediments and surface water can pose a risk for the local population and the environment of Vietnam. Rice fields can be affected by storm events, which cause the release of trace elements into surface water and transport them into drinking wells. The aim of this study was to investigate if dissolved and suspended As, Pb and Zn concentrations in surface water of a paddy rice fields and an irrigation canals increased during a flooding event and exceed the Vietnamese Surface Water Quality Standards and WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality. The study site is a rice field area in the Thanh Hoa province in Central Vietnam, which experiences an average of 2.4 storms every year causing overflow of streams and low-order canals. Concentrations of As increased during the flooding event with dissolved As being the prevailing fraction, which followed a late flush behavior. Lead showed no significant difference in concentration over time. Zn concentrations only increased significantly in the canal upstream the field in the morning of the first day. Suspended Zn dominated at that time, following the first flush behavior of TSS concentrations. Concentrations of As, Pb and Zn did not exceed the Vietnamese Surface Water Quality Standards or WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality at any time and they are therefore of no concern for the health of the local population

Application of a Simple Cold Stub to the Direct Observation of Frozen Hydrated Sand

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 212-213
Author(s):  
John M. Wehrung ◽  
Richard J. Harniman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Direct Observation ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Clay Particles ◽  
Organic Debris ◽  
Rock Formations ◽  
Water Tables ◽  
Permeable Rock ◽  
Natural Means

Water tables in aquifer regions of the southwest United States are dropping off at a rate which is greater than can be replaced by natural means. It is estimated that by 1985 wells will run dry in this region unless adequate artificial recharging can be accomplished. Recharging with surface water is limited by the plugging of permeable rock formations underground by clay particles and organic debris.A controlled study was initiated in which sand grains were used as the rock formation and water with known clay concentrations as the recharge media. The plugging mechanism was investigated by direct observation in the SEM of frozen hydrated sand samples from selected depths.

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