scholarly journals Phase Development of Barium Bismuth Titanate by Modified Solid State Route

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-135
Author(s):  
Soumya Mukherjee ◽  
Mohammed Shahnawaz ◽  
Sathi Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Surface Engineering ◽  
Bismuth Titanate ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Fixed Temperature ◽  
Spectra Analysis ◽  
Solid State Route ◽  
State Process ◽  
Phase Development ◽  
Barium Bismuth

Barium bismuth titanate materials are noted for ferroelectric behavior, competitor to lead based relaxor dielectrics and even for coating having wear resistance, toughness for improving surface engineering applications. In the present context, a modified solid state process aided by agate-mortar activation for milling is carried in compare to mechanochemical milling, melt-quench method to generate the complex ceramic structure. Molar ratio of BaO:Bi2O3:TiO2 1:2:4 ratio have been taken with fixed soaking temperature to develop the material. Activation milling period is varied for 20 hours, 25 hours and 30 hours while soaking period descends in the order 10 hours, 8 hours and 6 hours keeping fixed temperature of about 700°C. XRD confirms the presence of peaks for all cases. Crystallite size is estimated by Scherrers formula with proper planes of index corresponding to JCPDS data. FTIR confirmed the phases developed by XRD while indicating the proper M-O bond formation from analysis in the required spectral range. EDX spectra analysis given the presence of required elements present in the sample.

scholarly journals EVOLUTION AND CHARACTERIZATIONS OF AURIVILLIUS BISMUTH TITANATE BY MODIFIED SOLID STATE PROCESSING

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Mohammed Shahnawaz ◽  
Suman Khan ◽  
Soumya Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Crystallite Size ◽  
Bismuth Titanate ◽  
Visible Region ◽  
Annealing Treatment ◽  
Material System ◽  
Size Estimation ◽  
State Process ◽  
Tauc Plot

Mild agate mortar activation followed by sintering of precursors, in resemblance to modified solid state process, was studied for synthesis of the aurivillius bismuth titanate. Hand on mill activation was carried out for eight hours followed by annealing treatment at 1000°C for 12 hours in presence of air atmosphere to obtain the proper phase. Scherrer’s formula was utilized to estimate crystallite size along with planes of orientation. Crystallite size was about 65nm while prominent peaks of orientations were (-117), (006), (111), (200) and others. FESEM and TEM studies were carried to obtain the morphology and estimated grain size of the synthesized aurivillius compound. Morphological features execute the material system to be nanocrystalline in nature as estimated from grain size measurement in correspondence with XRD crystallite size estimation. FTIR analysis confirms M-O coordinations of synthesized modified perovskite (aurivillius) sample. Optical property was evaluated from UV-VIS analysis with prominent absorption spectra in the visible region. Tauc plot was used to estimate the band gap to be about 2.86eV & 2eV for both direct and indirect transitions.

scholarly journals Phase Formation and Morphological Features of Calcium Copper Titanate by Modified Solid State Process

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
ASHNARAYAN SAH ◽  
SOUMYA MUKHERJEE ◽  
MOHAMMED SHAHNAWAZ ◽  
SATH BANERJEE
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Fixed Temperature ◽  
Chemical Route ◽  
State Process ◽  
Calcium Copper Titanate ◽  
Giant Dielectric ◽  
Size Growth

Perovskite calcium copper titanate posses giant dielectric constant making it a suitable candidate for possible applications in microelectronic components, advanced transistors, energy storage capacitors. Generally, this grade of material is synthesized by the chemical route to improving homogeneity, controlled size growth for enhanced properties. In the present research, a simple synthesis process was adopted using precursors of high purity oxides like Calcium carbonate, titania, Copper oxide without any use of complicated synthesis routes and costly chemical precursors. The molar ratio of oxides used was about 1:3:4 with mechano-chemical activation in an agate mortar for 20, 25 and 30 hours respectively in dry condition. After milling, powders obtained were made to undergo annealing at a fixed temperature of 900°C for 26 hours soaking period. Phase analysis was carried to determine the phase along with crystallite size calculation. Bonding information of the synthesized sample was analyzed to obtain the M-O coordination and vibration-stretching analysis of the bonds. Morphological features were also noted using FESEM (Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy) for understanding grains and granular boundaries. Both FTIR (Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy) and XRD (X-Ray Diffractogram) analyses confirm the compound formation in terms of molecular structure responsible to obtain the proper phase.

scholarly journals Synthesis of green and pure copper oxide nanoparticles using two plant resources via solid-state route and their phytotoxicity assessment

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 3346-3353
Author(s):  
Iman Khaldari ◽  
Mohammad Reza Naghavi ◽  
Elaheh Motamedi
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Copper Oxide ◽  
Pure Copper ◽  
Copper Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
Stabilizing Agents ◽  
Biological Resources ◽  
Solid State Route ◽  
Conventional Methods

Among the conventional methods in synthesizing nanoparticles, the methods that use biological resources, as reducing and stabilizing agents, can be considered eco-friendly methods.

Dielectric and Magnetic Properties of BaTiO3/NiFe2O4 Composites

2007 ◽  
Vol 336-338 ◽  
pp. 377-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Hong Shen ◽  
Ji Zhou ◽  
Xue Min Cui ◽  
Yue Hui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Spinel Structure ◽  
Initial Permeability ◽  
Solid State Route ◽  
Permittivity And Permeability ◽  
Xrd Studies ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Conventional Solid State Route

A series of ferrroelectric-ferromagnetic composites were synthesized from BaTiO3 and NiFe2O4 ferrite by conventional solid-state route. XRD studies indicated that the composites comprised of only two phases, BaTiO3 phase with perovskite structure and NiFe2O4 phase with spinel structure. Frequency dependence of permittivity and permeability were also measured. Experimental results showed that the dielectric constant and initial permeability of these composites could be tunable by varying the composition of composites. Thus, these composites can be used for multilayer chips EMI filters.

Proton Conducting Electrolytes Synthesized with Diammonium Hydrogen Phosphate

2009 ◽  
Vol 421-422 ◽  
pp. 471-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dedy Eka Priyanto ◽  
Hidenobu Shiroishi ◽  
Satoshi Tanimoto ◽  
Shunsuke Hirukawa ◽  
Morihiro Saito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Preparation Process ◽  
Ac Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Hydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Proton Conducting ◽  
Diammonium Hydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Diammonium Hydrogen

Proton conducting ZrO2－yP2O5 (y = 1.0, 1.2, 1.4. 1.6, 1.8) electrolytes based on a shell-core structure were synthesized with diammonium hydrogen phosphate by a solid state reaction, and their conductivities were investigated by ac-impedance spectroscopy. Among the ZrO2-yP2O5 compositions, ZrO2－1.6P2O5 showed the highest proton conductivity of 0.13 Scm-1 at 250°C. The conductivity increased with increasing P2O5 molar ratio and were significantly influenced by heat-treatments in the preparation process. Polytetraflouroethylene (PTFE) was also mixed into these electrolytes in order to improve the mechanical strength and long term durability.

One-Step Simultaneous Differential Scanning Calorimetry-FTIR Microspectroscopy to Quickly Detect Continuous Pathways in the Solid-State Glucose/Asparagine Maillard Reaction

2013 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. 1362-1364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deng-Fwu Hwang ◽  
Tzu-Feng Hsieh ◽  
Shan-Yang Lin
Keyword(s):  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Maillard Reaction ◽  
Reaction Pathway ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Maillard Reaction Products ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Ftir Microspectroscopy ◽  
Amadori Product

Abstract The stepwise reaction pathway of the solid-state Maillard reaction between glucose (Glc) and asparagine (Asn) was investigated using simultaneous differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)-FTIR microspectroscopy. The color change and FTIR spectra of Glc-Asn physical mixtures (molar ratio = 1:1) preheated to different temperatures followed by cooling were also examined. The successive reaction products such as Schiff base intermediate, Amadori product, and decarboxylated Amadori product in the solid-state Glc-Asn Maillard reaction were first simultaneously evidenced by this unique DSC-FTIR microspectroscopy. The color changed from white to yellow-brown to dark brown, and appearance of new IR peaks confirmed the formation of Maillard reaction products. The present study clearly indicates that this unique DSC-FTIR technique not only accelerates but also detects precursors and products of the Maillard reaction in real time.

A stable and thin BaCe0.7Nb0.1Gd0.2O3−δ membrane prepared by simple all-solid-state process for SOFC

2009 ◽  
Vol 187 (2) ◽  
pp. 403-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kui Xie ◽  
Ruiqiang Yan ◽  
Xiaoxiang Xu ◽  
Xingqin Liu ◽  
Guangyao Meng
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
State Process
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