scholarly journals Human Hair Keratin Microspheres Prepared by the Water-In-Oil Emulsion Solvent Diffusion Method for Hydrophilic Drug Carrier

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 1112-1116
Author(s):  
Yaowalak Srisuwan ◽  
Prasong Srihanam
Keyword(s):  
Human Hair ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Solvent Diffusion ◽  
Blue Dextran ◽  
Hair Keratin ◽  
Loading Efficiency ◽  
Drug Loading Efficiency ◽  
Emulsion Solvent Diffusion Method

Human hair keratin (HK) was prepared with reducing agent and used in solution to construct microspheres by the simple emulsion solvent diffusion method. The obtained microspheres were observing under scanning electron microscope (SEM). The shape, size distribution and content of microspheres were influenced by W:O ratios. A and 1% w/v keratin solution and 100 mL of oil phase were optimal conditions for fabrication of HK microspheres. The authors studied drug loading efficiency of the HK microspheres by using blue-dextran a model drug and found that the drug loading efficiency as well as releasing profile of blue-dextran were gradually increased by increasing keratin concentration. In conclusion, HK microspheres could be used as hydrophilic carrier molecules for drug delivery system application.

scholarly journals Studying the effect of variables on Acyclovir microsponge

2018 ◽  
pp. 66-76
Author(s):  
Noor Yousif Fareed ◽  
Hanan Jalal Kassab
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Production Yield ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
In Vitro Drug Release ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Solvent Diffusion ◽  
Loading Efficiency ◽  
Internal Phase ◽  
Emulsion Solvent Diffusion Method

The aim of the present investigation was to develop a microsponge delivery system of acyclovir to control its release when applied topically thereby reducing dosing frequency and enhancement patient compliance. The microsponges were produced by the oil in oil emulsion solvent diffusion method. The effect of different formulation and process variables such as internal phase volume, polymer type, drug-polymer ratio, stirring speed and stirring duration on microsponge production yield, loading efficiency, particle size and in-vitro drug release was evaluated. The result showed that the microsponge F2 prepared from Eudrajet RS polymer had optimum physical properties regarding the loading efficiency of 99.71_+ 0.7% and production yield which was 85%. Also, F2 showed 66% drug release within 8 hours. Accordingly, the oil in oil emulsion solvent diffusion method is an effective technique to formulate microsponges with maximum production yield and loading efficiency for acyclovir.

scholarly journals Solvent Diffusion Method: An Effective Approach to Formulate Nanosponges Loaded with Naproxen Sodium

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-80
Author(s):  
Fizza Ilyas ◽  
Muhammad Jamsahid ◽  
Irfan Bashir ◽  
Rabia Aslam ◽  
Tooba Mehboob ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Naproxen Sodium ◽  
Active Drug ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Study Drug ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Diffusion Study ◽  
Franz Cell ◽  
Loading Efficiency ◽  
Drug Loading Efficiency

Objective: Solubility of naproxen sodium is limited. In conventional dosage form it causes different gastro intestinal problems. To overcome these difficulties naproxen sodium loaded nano sponges were designed. Methodology: Nanosponges were formulated by using emulsion solvent evaporation technique. To obtain dispersion of nanosponges, homogenization of active drug, with specified quantities of polyvinyl alcohol, dichloromethane, ethyl cellulose and distilled, water was done. Compatibility among excipients and active drug was checked by FTIR and results didn’t show any interaction between them. 11 trial formulations were tested for poly dispersity, zeta potential, particle size and viscosity. Results: Results showed all formulations except NS9, NS10 and NS11 were in nano range. Formulation NS1 to NS6 fall in category of “mid poly dispersity” and formulation NS7 to NS11 were in the category of “very poly dispersity”. Values of Zeta potential of all formulations were in negative range -0.106 to -9.75 mV. The value of viscosity of all formulations were 0.8872. NS2 and NS3 were selected for further testing like Franz cell diffusion study, stability testing and drug loading efficiency. In Franz cell diffusion study, drug release for NS2= 89.62%, for NS3= 89.10% at 50 minutes’ time. Stability studies performed for the 21 days, NS2 and NS3 revealed slight change in percentage drug content at 4°C and 25°C, and major changes were observed at 45°C temperature. Drug loading efficiency was found in NS2= 97.659 % and for NS3= 98.901%. Conclusion: Nanosponges formulations loaded with naproxen sodium have successfully been prepared.

scholarly journals Preparation of Polysaccharide-Based Microspheres by a Water-in-Oil Emulsion Solvent Diffusion Method for Drug Carriers

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yodthong Baimark ◽  
Yaowalak Srisuwan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Solvent Diffusion ◽  
Water In Oil Emulsion ◽  
Emulsion Solvent Diffusion Method ◽  
Scanning Electron

Polysaccharide-based microspheres of chitosan, starch, and alginate were prepared by the water-in-oil emulsion solvent diffusion method for use as drug carriers. Blue dextran was used as a water-soluble biomacromolecular drug model. Scanning electron microscopy showed sizes of the resultant microspheres that were approximately 100 μm or less. They were spherical in shape with a rough surface and good dispersibility. Microsphere matrices were shown as a sponge. Drug loading efficiencies of all the microspheres were higher than 80%, which suggested that this method has potential to prepare polysaccharide-based microspheres containing a biomacromolecular drug model for drug delivery applications.

scholarly journals In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Desogestrel-Loaded Poly(D,L-lactic Acid) Nanoparticles

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Lin ◽  
Guoyong Jia ◽  
Peng Sun ◽  
Liqiao Zhu ◽  
Jinna Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Loading ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Particle Diameter ◽  
Phase Ratio ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Solvent Diffusion ◽  
Emulsion Solvent Diffusion Method

The aim of this study was to explore the synthesis parameters of desogestrel-polylactic acid nanoparticles (DG-PLA-NPs), optimise the preparation technology, and elucidate the in vitro release characteristics. Considering encapsulation efficiency (EE) and drug loading as the main evaluation indexes, DG-PLA-NPs were prepared using the modified emulsion solvent diffusion method and single factor and orthogonal design tests were performed to investigate the influencing factors and optimise the preparation method. Morphology of the nanoparticles was observed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), average particle diameter and distribution were determined using dynamic laser particle size analysis, and the EE and drug loading were measured using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Among the eight factors, the drug-to-material ratio, water-to-organic phase ratio, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) concentration significantly affected the NP EE. In the optimised formulation, the PLA/DG ratio, PVA concentration, and oil-to-water phase ratio were 5, 0.5%, and 5, respectively. The DG-PLA-NPs prepared with the optimised formulation were round or spherical with an average diameter of 209 nm, 79.60% EE, and 6.81% drug loading capacity. The polydispersity index was 0.181, and the zeta potential was −27.37 mV. The in vitro releases of both DG and DG-PLA-NPs conformed to the Weibull equation. The DG-PLA-NPs released desogestrel rapidly in the early stages but slowly at later stages, indicating that compared to DG, the DG-PLA-NPs had obvious sustained-release effects. The DG-PLA-NPs prepared by the modified emulsion solvent diffusion method were small, simple to prepare, and had high drug loading with promising application prospects.

Improving drug loading efficiency and delivery performance of micro- and nanoparticle preparations through optimising formulation variables

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (10/11) ◽  
pp. 996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiao Hsi Chiang ◽  
Hossein Hosseinkhani ◽  
Wen Sheng Cheng ◽  
g Wei Chen ◽  
Chun Hsiang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Loading ◽  
Delivery Performance ◽  
Loading Efficiency ◽  
Drug Loading Efficiency ◽  
Formulation Variables

scholarly journals PREPARATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND EVALUATION OF POLY (LACTIDE –CO –GLYCOLIDE) MICROSPHERES FOR THE CONTROLLED RELEASE OF ZIDOVUDINE

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seema Kohli ◽  
Abhisek Pal ◽  
Suchit Jain
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Controlled Release ◽  
Double Emulsion ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Plga Microspheres ◽  
Good Reproducibility ◽  
Solvent Diffusion ◽  
Emulsion Solvent Diffusion Method

Objective: The purpose of this research work was to develop and evaluate microspheres appropriate for controlled release of zidovudine (AZT).Methods: The AZT loaded polylactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) microspheres were prepared by W/O/O double emulsion solvent diffusion method. Compatibility of drug and polymer was studied by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The influence of formulation factors (drug: polymer ratio, stirring speed, the concentration of surfactant) on particle size encapsulation efficiency and in vitro release characteristics of the microspheres was investigated. Release kinetics was studied and stability study was performed as per ICH guidelines.Results: Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images show good reproducibility of microspheres from different batches. The average particle size was in the range of 216-306 μm. The drug-loaded microspheres showed 74.42±5.08% entrapment efficiency. The cumulative percentage released in phosphate Buffer solution (PBS) buffer was found to be 55.32±5.89 to 74.42±5.08 %. The highest regressions (0.981) were obtained for zero order kinetics followed by Higuchi (0.968) and first order (0.803).Conclusion: Microsphere prepared by double emulsion solvent diffusion method was investigated and the results revealed that 216-306 μm microsphere was successfully encapsulated in a polymer. FT-IR analysis, entrapment efficiency and SEM Studies revealed the good reproducibility from batch to batch. The microspheres were of an appropriate size and suitable for oral administration. Thus the current investigation show promising results of PLGA microspheres as a matrix for drug delivery and merit for In vivo studies for scale up the technology.

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