Solvent Diffusion Method: An Effective Approach to Formulate Nanosponges Loaded with Naproxen Sodium

Objective: Solubility of naproxen sodium is limited. In conventional dosage form it causes different gastro intestinal problems. To overcome these difficulties naproxen sodium loaded nano sponges were designed. Methodology: Nanosponges were formulated by using emulsion solvent evaporation technique. To obtain dispersion of nanosponges, homogenization of active drug, with specified quantities of polyvinyl alcohol, dichloromethane, ethyl cellulose and distilled, water was done. Compatibility among excipients and active drug was checked by FTIR and results didn’t show any interaction between them. 11 trial formulations were tested for poly dispersity, zeta potential, particle size and viscosity. Results: Results showed all formulations except NS9, NS10 and NS11 were in nano range. Formulation NS1 to NS6 fall in category of “mid poly dispersity” and formulation NS7 to NS11 were in the category of “very poly dispersity”. Values of Zeta potential of all formulations were in negative range -0.106 to -9.75 mV. The value of viscosity of all formulations were 0.8872. NS2 and NS3 were selected for further testing like Franz cell diffusion study, stability testing and drug loading efficiency. In Franz cell diffusion study, drug release for NS2= 89.62%, for NS3= 89.10% at 50 minutes’ time. Stability studies performed for the 21 days, NS2 and NS3 revealed slight change in percentage drug content at 4°C and 25°C, and major changes were observed at 45°C temperature. Drug loading efficiency was found in NS2= 97.659 % and for NS3= 98.901%. Conclusion: Nanosponges formulations loaded with naproxen sodium have successfully been prepared.

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Human Hair Keratin Microspheres Prepared by the Water-In-Oil Emulsion Solvent Diffusion Method for Hydrophilic Drug Carrier

Oriental Journal Of Chemistry ◽

10.13005/ojc/350326 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 1112-1116

Author(s):

Yaowalak Srisuwan ◽

Prasong Srihanam

Keyword(s):

Human Hair ◽

Drug Carrier ◽

Drug Loading ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Solvent Diffusion ◽

Blue Dextran ◽

Hair Keratin ◽

Loading Efficiency ◽

Drug Loading Efficiency ◽

Emulsion Solvent Diffusion Method

Human hair keratin (HK) was prepared with reducing agent and used in solution to construct microspheres by the simple emulsion solvent diffusion method. The obtained microspheres were observing under scanning electron microscope (SEM). The shape, size distribution and content of microspheres were influenced by W:O ratios. A and 1% w/v keratin solution and 100 mL of oil phase were optimal conditions for fabrication of HK microspheres. The authors studied drug loading efficiency of the HK microspheres by using blue-dextran a model drug and found that the drug loading efficiency as well as releasing profile of blue-dextran were gradually increased by increasing keratin concentration. In conclusion, HK microspheres could be used as hydrophilic carrier molecules for drug delivery system application.

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Synthesis and Characterization of Folate-Targeted Dextran/Retinoic Acid Micelles for Doxorubicin Delivery in Acute Leukemia

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2014/525684 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

J. Varshosaz ◽

F. Hassanzadeh ◽

H. Sadeghi Aliabadi ◽

M. Nayebsadrian ◽

M. Banitalebi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Retinoic Acid ◽

Zeta Potential ◽

Targeted Delivery ◽

Drug Loading ◽

Myelogenous Leukemia ◽

Xps Spectra ◽

H Nmr ◽

Loading Efficiency ◽

Drug Loading Efficiency

Folate and retinoic acid grafted/dextran (FA-RA/DEX) copolymers with different molecular weight of DEX were synthesized using carbonyldiimidazole and dimethylaminopyridine for targeted delivery of doxorubicin (DOX) in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). The copolymers structure was confirmed by1H NMR and FTIR. Critical micelle concentration (CMC) of each copolymer was determined using pyrene as a fluorescent probe. DOX was loaded in micelles by the direct dissolution method. Physical properties of micelles, including particle size, zeta potential, drug loading efficiency, and drug release profiles, were examined. The orientation of the folate ligand on the surface of the micelles was studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) technique. The cytotoxicity of micelles loaded with DOX at different concentrations was studied in KG1 cells using MTT assay and their cellular uptake by flow cytometry technique. FTIR and1H NMR spectra confirmed successful production of the targeted micelles and XPS spectra showed the surface orientation of folate. R15D10F7copolymer produced micelles with particle size of 82.86 nm, polydispersity index of 0.3, zeta potential of −4.68 mV, drug loading efficiency of 96%, and release efficiency of 63%. DOX loaded in folate-targeted micelles of RA/DEX was more toxic than that in nontargeted micelles and free drug and seems promising in reducing drug resistance in AML.

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