scholarly journals Risk factors associated with delayed and aseptic nonunion following tibial diaphyseal fractures managed with intramedullary nailing

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 227-235
Author(s):  
Navnit S. Makaram ◽  
Jun Min Leow ◽  
Nicholas D. Clement ◽  
William M. Oliver ◽  
Zhan H. Ng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intramedullary Nailing ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Delayed Union ◽  
Open Fractures ◽  
Consecutive Series ◽  
Superficial Infection ◽  
Energy Mechanism ◽  
Diaphyseal Fractures

Aims The primary aim of this study was to identify independent predictors associated with nonunion and delayed union of tibial diaphyseal fractures treated with intramedullary nailing. The secondary aim was to assess the Radiological Union Scale for Tibial fractures (RUST) score as an early predictor of tibial fracture nonunion. Methods A consecutive series of 647 patients who underwent intramedullary nailing for tibial diaphyseal fractures were identified from a trauma database. Demographic data, comorbidities, smoking status, alcohol consumption, use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and steroid use were documented. Details regarding mechanism of injury, fracture classification, complications, and further surgery were recorded. Nonunion was defined as the requirement for revision surgery to achieve union. Delayed union was defined as a RUST score < 10 at six months postoperatively. Results There were 41 nonunions (6.3%), of which 13 were infected (31.7%), and 77 delayed unions (11.9%). There were 127 open fractures (19.6%). Adjusting for confounding variables, NSAID use (odds ratio (OR) 3.50; p = 0.042), superficial infection (OR 3.00; p = 0.026), open fractures (OR 5.44; p < 0.001), and high-energy mechanism (OR 2.51; p = 0.040) were independently associated with nonunion. Smoking (OR 1.76; p = 0.034), open fracture (OR 2.82; p = 0.001), and high-energy mechanism (OR 1.81; p = 0.030) were independent predictors associated with delayed union. The RUST score at six-week follow-up was highly predictive of nonunion (sensitivity and specificity of 75%). Conclusion NSAID use, high-energy mechanisms, open fractures, and superficial infection were independently associated with nonunion in patients with tibial diaphyseal fractures treated with intramedullary nailing. The six-week RUST score may be useful in identifying patients at risk of nonunion. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2021;2(4):227–235.

scholarly journals Management of paediatric humeral shaft fractures and associated nerve palsy

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 508-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. O’Shaughnessy ◽  
J. A. Parry ◽  
H. Liu ◽  
A. A. Stans ◽  
A. N. Larson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Palsy ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Open Fractures ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Fracture Displacement ◽  
Shaft Fractures ◽  
Diaphyseal Fractures ◽  
Full Neurological Recovery ◽  
Humerus Shaft

Purpose The aim of this study is to review the management of all paediatric humerus diaphyseal fractures treated at a single institution over a 20-year period. Methods Retrospective review from between 1996 and 2016 identified 96 humerus shaft fractures in paediatric patients (0 to 17 years). After excluding those deceased from inciting trauma, pathological and perinatal fractures, 80 patients remained for analysis. Data collected included age, fracture type, displacement, nerve palsy, treatment, complications and time to union. Radiographs were reviewed at the time of injury and at latest follow-up. Results Of 80 paediatric humeral diaphyseal fractures, 65 (81%) were treated with immobilization. In all, 15 (19%) fractures were treated with surgical stabilization. Most common indications were fracture displacement, open fractures and to improve mobilization in patients with multiple injuries. Fractures were stabilized with a plate (eight), flexible nails (five), external fixation (one) and percutaneous pinning (one). The operative group, compared with the nonoperative group, was older, had more high-energy mechanisms, more open fractures and increased fracture displacement. All patients in the nonoperative and operative groups went on to union with minimal complications. A nerve palsy was present in five patients (6%)with three of the five involving the radial nerve (4%). All nerve palsies were observed and had full neurological recovery. Conclusion Over a 20-year period nonoperative management of paediatric humerus shaft fractures was successful in the majority of patients. Operative stabilization, when rarely indicated, had a low complication rate and improved radiographic alignment. All nerve injuries fully recovered without surgical intervention. Level of evidence IV

Predictors of Time to Union After Operative Fixation of Closed Ankle Fractures

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 308-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew P. Matson ◽  
Kamran S. Hamid ◽  
Samuel B. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Internal Fixation ◽  
Open Reduction ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Delayed Union ◽  
Ankle Fractures ◽  
Patient Counseling ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Energy Mechanism

Background. Ankle fractures are common and represent a significant burden to society. We aim to report the rate of union as determined by clinical and radiographic data, and to identify factors that predict time to union. Methods. A cohort of 112 consecutive patients with isolated, closed, operative malleolar ankle fractures treated with open reduction and internal fixation was retrospectively reviewed for time to clinical union. Clinical union was defined based on radiographic and clinical parameters, and delayed union was defined by time to union >12 weeks. Injury characteristics, patient factors and treatment variables were recorded, and statistical techniques employed included the Chi-square test, the Student’s T-test, and multivariate linear regression modeling. Results. Forty-two (37.5%) of patients who achieved union did so in less than 12 weeks, and 69 (61.6%) of these patients demonstrated delayed union at a mean of 16.7 weeks (range, 12.1-26.7 weeks), and the remaining patient required revision surgery. Factors associated with higher rates of delayed union or increased time to union included tobacco use, bimalleolar fixation, and high energy mechanism (all p<0.05). In regression analysis, statistically significant negative predictors of time to union were BMI, dislocation of the tibiotalar joint, external fixation for initial stabilization and delay of definitive management (all p<0.05). Conclusion. Patient characteristics, injury factors and treatment variables are predictive of time to union following open reduction and internal fixation of closed ankle fractures. These findings should assist with patient counseling, and help guide the provider when considering adjunctive therapies that promote bone healing. Levels of Evidence: Prognostic, Level IV: Case series

Unstable Ankle Fractures in Older Patients: A Consecutive Series with Modern Internal Fixation Techniques

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
Samuel B Adams ◽  
Nicholas A Viens ◽  
E Grant Sutter ◽  
Daniel S Mangiapani
Keyword(s):  
Internal Fixation ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Ankle Fractures ◽  
Consecutive Series ◽  
Energy Mechanism ◽  
Fracture Dislocations ◽  
Fixation Techniques

ABSTRACT Background Ankle fractures are among the most common injuries sustained by older patients. Management of these fractures remains both controversial and challenging. Clinical outcomes from a series of older patients treated surgically for unstable ankle fractures were reviewed to determine the effects of patient, injury and fixation factors on postoperative outcomes. Materials and methods A retrospective series of 58 consecutive patients age 60 years and older with 63 unstable ankle fractures treated surgically by a single surgeon over a 5- year period was reviewed. Forty-seven females (81.0%) and 11 males (19.0%) with a mean age of 72.6 (range, 60 to 88.4) years made up the sample. Results The most common injuries were OTA type 44-B2 (66.7%) or Lauge-Hansen supination-external rotation type-4 (76.2%) fractures. Forty-seven (74.6%) fractures were due to a low energy mechanism. Nineteen (30.6%) injuries were fracturedislocations and seven (11.1%) fractures were open. Augmented techniques were used in 31 (49.2%) cases overall. Ten (17.2%) patients experienced postoperative complications. Males, patients with fracture dislocations, high energy fractures, and open fractures experienced significantly worse outcomes (p < 0.05). Age, fracture type and the use of augmented technique were not predictive of clinical outcomes. Conclusion Overall in this series, older patients treated surgically for ankle fractures experienced good clinical outcomes. Further investigations are required in order to find patient and injury factors that can assist preoperative planning and predict outcomes. Viens NA, Sutter EG, Mangiapani DS, Adams SB, Zura RD. Unstable Ankle Fractures in Older Patients: A Consecutive Series with Modern Internal Fixation Techniques. The Duke Orthop J 2013;3(1):25-31.

scholarly journals Incidence and Demographics of Cervical Spine Fractures over a 10 Year Period at a Level I Trauma Center

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Christopher P Miller ◽  
Sonya T Blizzard ◽  
Jonathan N Grauer
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Trauma Center ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Consecutive Series ◽  
Spine Fractures ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Cervical Fractures ◽  
Level I ◽  
Cervical Spine Fractures

ABSTRACT Background In an effort to capture all cervical fractures in the trauma setting, many institutions have implemented protocols for urgent cervical computed tomographic (CT) imaging for any patient with traumatic neck pain. This has led to a high frequency of negative imaging studies. Objectives The objective is to characterize a consecutive series of cervical spine fractures diagnosed at a single Level I trauma center over a 10-year period. It is expected that a greater awareness of the associations between age, injury mechanism, and fracture type may facilitate the diagnosis and management of patients with cervical spine trauma. Methods In this study, every cervical CT scan ordered in the Emergency Department (ED) at our institution was reviewed and evaluated for fractures. The relevant demographic data and mechanism of injury for patients with fractures were recorded. Results Of 763,099 ED visits, 13,896 cervical CT scans were ordered (1.8% of visits) and 492 scans (3.5% of scans, 0.06% of visits) were found to have cervical fractures resulting from blunt trauma. There was a bimodal distribution of fractures with respect to age, with peaks at 20 to 24 and >85 years of age. These age ranges were also found to have higher incidence of fracture than would be predicted by population alone. Fractures in younger patients resulted from high-energy trauma and fractures in older patients resulted primarily from falls. Conclusion This elucidation of epidemiology and mechanism of cervical fractures can be used to improve the rapidity of diagnosis and management of these potentially devastating injuries. Blizzard DJ, Miller CP, Blizzard ST, Grauer JN. Incidence and Demographics of Cervical Spine Fractures over a 10 Year Period at a Level I Trauma Center. The Duke Orthop J 2016;6(1):21-25.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CLOSED REDUCTION AND EXPERT TIBIA NAILING WITH OPEN REDUCTION AND PLATE & SCREW FIXATION IN THE TREATMENT OF PROXIMAL TIBIA EXTRAARTICULAR FRACTURES

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil Pandey ◽  
Setul Shah ◽  
Deepak S Maravi ◽  
S Uikey
Keyword(s):  
Intramedullary Nailing ◽  
Closed Reduction ◽  
Proximal Tibia ◽  
Plate Fixation ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Delayed Union ◽  
Large Sample Size ◽  
Multicentric Study ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Introduction:- Extra-articular proximal tibial fractures account for 5–10 % of all tibial shaft fractures and it result from high-velocity trauma. Closed reduction with minimally invasive plating and locked intramedullary  nailing have been widely used for treatment of proximal tibia extraarticular fractures. Our pupose is to compare the pros and cons of these two methods. Materials and methods:- 22 patients were included in this study for a period of 2 years. Patients treated with IMN were kept in group A patients treated with percutaneus plating were kept in group B. Standard approach of nailing and plating were used and proper follow up were taken for next upcoming 1 year. Results:- Combined average age was 38years. Male were more commonly affected than female (13:8). Majority of fracture were of type A33. Operative time was < 2 hours in both groups. Less blood loss occurred during intramedullary nailing as compared to locking plate fixation. Surgical site infections (SSIs) were seen in two patients in the PTP group. Delayed union occurred in two patients in the IMN group. The average range of motion was 119.7(range 90-150, SD= 19.18) in group A and 115.2(range 80-150, SD = 17.28) in group B. Conclusion:- in treatment of proximal tibia extra articular fracture use of IMN and PTLCP gives comparable results. To validate this issue further a large sample size multicentric study is recommended   Key words: intramedullary nailing (IMN), Extraarticular tibialn fracture, Surgical site infection.

scholarly journals Influence of patient age and colorectal polyp size on histopathology findings

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvana Marques e SILVA ◽  
Viviane Fernandes ROSA ◽  
Antônio Carlos Nóbrega dos SANTOS ◽  
Romulo Medeiros de ALMEIDA ◽  
Paulo Gonçalves de OLIVEIRA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Data ◽  
Colorectal Polyp ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Colorectal Polyps ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Consecutive Series ◽  
Polyp Size ◽  
Patient Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Patient Âgé

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality and can arise through the adenoma-carcinoma sequence. Colonoscopy is considered the method of choice for population-wide cancer screening. AIM: To assess the characteristics of endoscopically resected polyps in a consecutive series of patients who underwent colonoscopy at a university hospital and compare histopathology findings according to patient age and polyp size. METHODS: Retrospective, cross-sectional of 1950 colonoscopy reports from consecutively examined patients. The sample was restricted to reports that mentioned colorectal polyps. A chart review was carried out for collection of demographic data and histopathology results. Data were compared for polyps sized ≤0.5 cm and ≥0.6 cm and then for polyps sized ≤1.0 cm and ≥1.1 cm. Finally, all polyps resected from patients aged 49 years or younger were compared with those resected from patients aged 50 years or older. RESULTS: A total of 272 colorectal polyps were resected in 224 of the 1950 colonoscopies included in the sample (11.5%). Polyps >1 cm tended to be pedunculated (p=0.000) and were more likely to exhibit an adenomatous component (p=0.001), a villous component (p=0.000), and dysplasia (p=0.003). These findings held true when the size cutoff was set at 0.5 cm. Patients aged 50 years or older were more likely to have sessile polyps (p=0.023) and polyps located in the proximal colon (p=0.009). There were no significant differences between groups in histopathology or presence of dysplasia. CONCLUSION: Polyp size is associated with presence of adenomas, a villous component, and dysplasia, whereas patient age is more frequently associated with sessile polyps in the proximal colon.

scholarly journals Functional outcome of diaphyseal fractures of forearm in adolescents treated with TENS

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Divyanshu Goyal ◽  
S. L. Sharma ◽  
Laxmikant Meena ◽  
Ravindra Lamoria ◽  
Mahesh Bansal
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Functional Outcome ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Forearm Fractures ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Superficial Infection ◽  
Fractures In Children ◽  
Case Series Study ◽  
Diaphyseal Fractures

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> A retrospective case series study was done on forearm diaphyseal fracture in adolescents treated with TENS (titanium elastic nailing system). Purpose of the study was analysis of functional outcome of TENS in forearm diaphyseal fractures in children between 12-18 year age group.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> We retrospectively evaluated 30 patients operated by same senior surgeon during the period from March 2014 to February 2015 with closed diaphyseal forearm fractures in age group 12–18 years treated with TENS in whom closed reduction could not be achieved. Nail diameter taken as 33-40% of narrowest diameter of diaphysys were introduced proximally in ulna and distally in radius under image intensifier in closed manner. Postoperatively, patients encouraged for active shoulder, elbow and finger movements and suture removal done after 2 weeks. Patients were followed up for minimum period of one year.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> In terms of union and range of motion using Anderson et al criteria 24 patients had excellent results, 4 patients had satisfactory results and one patient had poor result having non-union of ulna. Two patients had superficial infection at the nail entry site which eventually resolved. One patient lost for follow up.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> We conclude that TENS in both bone forearm fractures in adolescent age group in terms of union and range of motion is a minimally invasive and effective method of fixation.</p>

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