Trade-off between dispersal and reproduction in Aphelenchoides besseyi (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) harbored in Oryza sativa seeds in paddy fields

AbstractThis study aimed to determine the spatial distribution patterns of Aphelenchoides besseyi among Oryza sativa seeds on panicle, plant hill, and paddy field spatial scales and to present a three-stage sampling method for estimating the mean density per seed in paddy fields. Living and dead nematodes were extracted individually from 20 seeds sampled from each of five panicles, which were sampled from each of six rice plant hills in each of eight paddy fields, where all plants had leaves exhibiting the 'white tip' symptom. Nested ANOVA indicated that A. besseyi density per seed was significantly different among the eight paddy fields, among rice plant hills in paddy fields, and among panicles in rice plant hills. The proportion of nematode-infested seeds (prevalence) increased and reached an upper limit as the mean density per seed on the panicle scale increased, whereas linear relationships were observed between nematode prevalence and the mean density on plant hill and paddy field scales. Relationships between mean density and mean crowding of nematodes per seed indicated that the nematodes exhibited clumped distribution on each of panicle, plant hill and field scales. Using these relationships, a three-stage sampling plan for estimating nematode density per seed at a specified precision level is presented.

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Trade-off between dispersal and reproduction of a seed-borne nematode, Aphelenchoides besseyi, parasitic on rice plants

Nematology ◽

10.1163/156854103773040727 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 5 (6) ◽

pp. 821-829 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Katsumi Togashi ◽

Shigeru Hoshino

Keyword(s):

Oryza Sativa ◽

Parasitic Nematode ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Rice Seed ◽

Trade Off ◽

Rice Plants ◽

Aphelenchoides Besseyi ◽

Seminal Roots ◽

The Mean ◽

Nematode Mortality

AbstractThe effect of nematode infestation on dispersal and survival of both host plant and parasitic nematode was investigated experimentally using rice plants, Oryza sativa L. and Aphelenchoides besseyi Christie, a seed-borne ectoparasite. Nematode-inoculated plants produced a greater proportion of light seeds floating on water than non-inoculated plants. Nematode mortality was greater in light seeds than in heavy seeds. In the case of light seeds, the mean degree of seed swelling increased as the number of nematodes harboured increased, whereas it was constant with increasing numbers of nematodes for the intermediate and heavy seed groups. A smaller proportion of light seeds germinated and these took longer for seminal roots to protrude than from heavy seeds, irrespective of whether they derived from nematode-inoculated or non-inoculated plants. These results indicate a trade-off for rice seed specific gravity between dispersal and competition of rice seeds and another trade-off between dispersal and reproduction of nematodes harboured in the seed.

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Selenium (Se) Does Not Reduce Cadmium (Cd) Uptake and Translocation in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Naturally Occurred Se-Rich Paddy Fields with a High Geological Background of Cd

Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology ◽

10.1007/s00128-019-02551-y ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 103 (1) ◽

pp. 127-132 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Bei-Bei Yang ◽

Cheng Yang ◽

Zong-Yuan Shao ◽

Hao Wang ◽

Shu-Ting Zan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oryza Sativa ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Paddy Fields ◽

Cd Uptake ◽

Geological Background

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Trade-off with different establishment methods in terms of irrigation water requirement and weed pressure of rice (Oryza sativa L.)

International Journal of Chemical Studies ◽

10.22271/chemi.2020.v8.i5o.10437 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 1060-1068

Author(s):

Santhosh UN ◽

Desai BK ◽

Satyanarayana Rao ◽

Masthana Reddy BG ◽

Vinay Krishnamurthy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oryza Sativa ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Water Requirement ◽

Irrigation Water Requirement ◽

Trade Off

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Studies on the efficiency of different inoculation methods of rice white-tip nematode, Aphelenchoides besseyi

Nematology ◽

10.1163/15685411-00003244 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (7) ◽

pp. 673-678

Author(s):

Jialian Xie ◽

Fang Yang ◽

Yanping Wang ◽

Yunliang Peng ◽

Hongli Ji

Keyword(s):

Oryza Sativa ◽

Success Rate ◽

Success Rates ◽

Flowering Stage ◽

Recovery Rates ◽

Inoculation Methods ◽

Seed Soaking ◽

Aphelenchoides Besseyi ◽

Flotation Method ◽

Rice White Tip Nematode

Summary To fulfil different research purposes, five methods to inoculate Aphelenchoides besseyi onto seedlings and panicles of rice, Oryza sativa, were evaluated in this study and the efficiency of the inoculation methods assessed by success rates and recovery rates. Among the three methods leading to the infection of young seedlings without obvious mechanical wounds, i.e., water flotation, seed soaking and leaf spraying, the inoculation of 125 nematodes plant−1 by the water flotation method gave rise to the highest success rate and recovery rate, 95.6 and 8.3%, respectively, in growth chamber experiments. When conducted in the plastic house, seed soaking and leaf spraying of 125 nematodes plant−1 resulted in 75.6 and 66.7% success rate, respectively, and 155.7 and 178.1% recovery rates, respectively. The injection or spraying of 2000 nematodes panicle−1 at the booting or flowering stage gave 100% infection.

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Aplikasi Kombinasi Bahan Organik Terhadap Ketersediaan dan Serapan Hara K Serta Pertumbuhan Tanaman Padi Hitam (Oryza sativa L.) di Tanah Sawah

Talenta Conference Series Agricultural and Natural Resources (ANR) ◽

10.32734/anr.v1i2.232 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 174-179

Author(s):

Windi Nisa Manurung ◽

Hamidah Hanum ◽

Razali Razali

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Oryza Sativa ◽

Organic Materials ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Paddy Fields ◽

Chicken Manure ◽

Cow Dung ◽

K Uptake ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Goat Manure

Di dalam bahan organik terdapat senyawa-senyawa lain yang bermanfaat bagi tanaman seperti asam humik, asam fulvat, dan senyawa organik lain. Bahan organik itu sendiri dinilai beradasarkan kualitas dan ketersediaannya. Oleh karena itu diperlukan kombinasi bahan organik yang berguna untuk mencukupi kebutuhan tanaman yang dapat meningkatkan ketersediaan dan serapan hara K tanaman padi hitam (Oryza sativa L.) di tanah sawah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh aplikasi kombinasi bahan organik terhadap ketersediaan dan serapan hara K serta pertumbuhan tanaman padi hitam (Oryza sativa L.) di tanah sawah. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) Non Faktorial dengan 7 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan yaitu A (kontrol), B (jerami kompos+kotoran ayam, 50g+50g/pot), C (jerami kompos+kotoran kambing, 50g+50g/pot), D (jerami kompos+kotoran sapi, 50g+50g/pot), E(jerami cacah+kotoran ayam, 50g+50g/pot), F(jerami cacah+kotoran kambing, 50g+50g/pot), G(jerami cacah+kotoran sapi, 50g+50g.pot). Data dianalisis dengan sidik ragam dan uji lanjut Kontras Orthogonal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi kombinasi bahan organik berpengaruh nyata terhadap parameter pH tanah dan jumlah anakan 6 MST namun berpengaruh tidak nyata terhadap K-dd, K-HCl 25%, tinggi tanaman, dan serapan K tanaman. Aplikasi kombinasi bahan organik memiliki potensi yang sama dalam meningkatkan K-dd, K-HCl 25% dan jumlah anakan tanaman. Penambahan jerami kompos + kotoran sapi berpotensi meningkatkan jumlah anakan tanaman. Organic materials contain beneficial compounds to plants such as humic acid and fulvic acid, and they are valued based on its quality and availability. Therefore we need a combination of organic materials to meet the plants’ need and to increase the availability and K uptake on black paddy (Oryza sativa L.) at paddy fields. The purposes of this study was to determine the effect of the organic matter combination application on the availability and K uptake, as well as the growth of black rice plants (Oryza sativa L.) at paddy fields. This study was conducted using Non Factorial Completely Randomized Design (RAL) with 7 treatments and 3 replications namely A (control), B (compost straw + chicken manure, 50g + 50g / pot), C (compost straw + goat manure, 50g + 50g / pot), D (compost straw + cow dung, 50g + 50g / pot), E (chopped straw + chicken manure, 50g + 50g / pot), F (chopped straw + goat manure, 50g + 50g / pot), G (chopped straw + cow dung, 50g + 50g.pot). Data were analyzed by variance and Orthogonal Contrast further test. The results showed that the application of organic matter combination had a significant effect on the parameters of soil pH and 6 MST number of tillers, but had no significant effect on K-dd, 25% K-HCl, plant height, and plant K uptake. The application of organic materials combination has the same potential in increasing K-dd, 25% K-HCl and the number of plant tillers. The addition of compost + cow manure has the potential to increase the number of plant tillers.

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Long-term population dynamics of Aphelenchoides besseyi on Oryza sativa in a paddy field, and changes in the pathological and ecological traits of the two populations

Nematology ◽

10.1163/15685411-bja10139 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-17

Author(s):

Shigeru Hoshino ◽

Katsumi Togashi

Keyword(s):

Population Dynamics ◽

Oryza Sativa ◽

The Other ◽

Ecological Traits ◽

Reproduction Curve ◽

Aphelenchoides Besseyi ◽

The Mean ◽

Two Peaks ◽

Two Populations

Summary An Oryza sativa cultivar inoculated with the white tip nematode, Aphelenchoides besseyi, was cultivated over 18 years to investigate the population dynamics of the nematode and the change in the virulence of nematodes and tolerance/resistance of plants. The mean number of living nematodes per seed (S) showed two peaks, each of which was followed by a 3-year decrease in the S value, during the initial 10 years. The annual reproduction curve between in year and in year t had a peak in a range of of <1.1. The incidence of white tip disease increased with increasing mean number of living nematodes seed−1 in the previous year, whereas the proportion of seeds with living nematodes increased with increasing mean number of living nematodes seed−1 in the current year. Inoculation tests of the nematode cohorts on the seedling cohorts derived from seeds harvested in the same or different years indicated that the initial 6-year interaction between the rice and nematode populations caused the nematodes to increase the incidence of white tip disease and to decrease the degree of seed swelling and the proportion of heavy seeds. On the other hand, the interaction caused the rice plants to prevent the incidence of disease from increasing and the degree of seed swelling and the proportion of heavy seeds from decreasing.

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