scholarly journals Studies on the Feeding Habits of Lygus disponsi LINNAVUORI(Hemiptera : Miridae) and the Injury to its Host Plants : I. Histological Observations of the Injury

1971 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koji HORI
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Feeding Habits

scholarly journals Assortments of Digestive Enzymes Induced in First Instar Larvae of Busseola fusca Feeding on Different Plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 117954331984352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gérald Juma ◽  
Bruno Le Ru ◽  
Paul-André Calatayud
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Busseola Fusca ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Host Acceptance ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Sub Saharan

The stem borer Busseola fusca (Fuller) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is an important pest of maize and sorghum in sub-Saharan Africa. This insect has oligophagous feeding habits, feeding mostly on maize and sorghum with a narrow range of wild Poaceous plant species. We hypothesised that first instar B. fusca larvae, the critical stage for successful establishment on a host plant, can establish and then grow on a particular plant as a result of induction of a complement of digestive enzymes that mediates host acceptance at first instars. A fast semi-quantitative analysis of potentially digestive enzymatic activities present in the first larvae previously fed for 4 days on leaves of host and non-host plants was performed using the API-ZYM kit system able to detect a multiplex of enzyme activities. Regardless of the plant species, the larvae exhibited higher activities of the carbohydrate metabolising enzymes than of aminopeptidases and proteases. In addition, highest activities of carbohydrates degrading enzymes were exhibited by larvae that consumed leaves of the most preferred plant species of B. fusca. Conversely, esterases were only detected in neonate larvae that consumed leaves of the less preferred and non-host plants. No alkaline phosphatase and lipase activities were detected. The significance of these results was discussed in terms of food requirements of first instar larvae when settling on a plant.

Phylogeny of the Oxycoryninae sensu lato (Coleoptera:Belidae) and evolution of host-plant associations

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 447 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Marvaldi ◽  
R. G. Oberprieler ◽  
C. H. C. Lyal ◽  
T. Bradbury ◽  
R. S. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Plant Associations ◽  
New Information

Phylogenetic relationships among the genera of the subfamily Oxycoryninae and other belids (Curculionoidea) were reconstructed by cladistic analysis using 21 terminals and 98 characters: 62 from imaginal morphology, 33 from larval morphology and three biological characters relating to host plants and larval feeding habits. Terminal taxa represent all extant genera of Oxycoryninae, two genera of each of the three tribes of Belinae plus two outgroup taxa used to root the tree. New information on the larvae and biology of the metrioxenines is used in phylogenetic reconstruction. In accord with the single optimal cladogram obtained, a revised classification of the Oxycoryninae is proposed. The subfamily is classified into three tribes (Oxycorynini, Metrioxenini and Aglycyderini), with the tribe Oxycorynini further classified into three subtribes (Oxycraspedina Marvaldi & Oberprieler, subtr. nov., Oxycorynina and Allocorynina) and the tribe Metrioxenini into two subtribes (Metrioxenina and Afrocorynina ( = Hispodini, syn. nov.)). Larval and adult unambiguous synapomorphies defining each clade are identified. Tracing the evolution of biological traits from the phylogenetic estimate indicates that drastic shifts to phylogenetically distant host plants occurred from the ancestral belid association with conifers. Structural, chemical and/or ecological similarities of the plant organs consumed apparently had a major influence in the colonisation of different plant taxa by this group of weevils.

Host Plant Records and Biology of Aphids on Cereal Grains and Grasses in Manitoba (Homoptera: Aphididae)

1963 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Robinson ◽  
Sze-Jih Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Senior Author ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Economic Injury ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus

Collections of aphids on cereal grains and grasses in Manitoba were made during the years 1958-62. The species collected are important because of their possible economic injury to cereal crops and also because several of the species are known vectors of the barley yellow dwarf virus of barley, oats and other Gramineae. Bruehl (1961) listed all known hosts of the virus, mostly determined in greenhouse inoculation trials. He emphasized the importance oi the feeding habits of aphids under natural conditions in the field. In 1962 most species of aphids on Gramineae were present in unusually large numbers in Manitoba, and an excellent opportunity was afforded to obtain records of breeding colonies on 38 host plants, many of them in the Forage Plots of the Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba. The host plants and aphids are listed in Table I. The aphid species were determined by W. R. Richards, Entomology Research Institute, Ottawa, or by the senior author.

FEEDING HABITS AND FOOD PREFERENCES OF MELANOPLUS BIVITTATUS AND M. FEMURRUBRUM (ORTHOPTERA: ACRIDIDAE)

1976 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 1207-1212 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. Bailey ◽  
M. K. Mukerji
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Differential Growth ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractThe feeding habits of Melanoplus bivittatus (Say) and M. femurrubrum (DeGeer) in an Ontario grassland were investigated by analyzing crop contents. The study revealed that both species are mixed feeders which prefer forbs over grasses. Both species ingested a wide range of host plants in the field, showing preferences for some species over others. Differential growth and mortality resulted when grasshoppers were reared on different host plants.

The Biology of Some Lygaeidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) of South-East Queensland.

1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 231 ◽  
Author(s):  
MB Malipatil
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Ecological Information ◽  
Recorded Data

Life-history and host-plant (where recorded) data are given for 24 species of Lygaeidae from south-east Queensland, belonging to the subfamilies Rhyparochrominae, Lygaeinae, Orsillinae, Oxycareninae and Geocorinae. Records of host plants are provided for six more species. Some field and laboratory bio- logical and ecological information, including protective adaptation and coloration, predators and para- sites, food plants, feeding habits, behaviour, oviposition and fecundity, is provided for several of these species.

Yellow Brazilian Pepper-tree Leaf Galler (suggested common name) Calophya latiforceps Burckhardt (Insecta: Hemiptera: Calophyidae: Calophyinae)

EDIS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. Cuda ◽  
Patricia Prade ◽  
Carey R. Minteer-Killian
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
North America ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Classical Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Pepper Tree ◽  
Brazilian Pepper ◽  
Close Relatives ◽  
Tree Leaf

In the late 1970s, Brazilian peppertree, Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi (Sapindales: Anacardiaceae), was targeted for classical biological control in Florida because its invasive properties (see Host Plants) are consistent with escape from natural enemies (Williams 1954), and there are no native Schinus spp. in North America. The lack of native close relatives should minimize the risk of damage to non-target plants from introduced biological control agents (Pemberton 2000). [...]

Utilizing next-generation sequencing to identify prey DNA in western North Atlantic grey seal Halichoerus grypus diet

2020 ◽  
Vol 655 ◽  
pp. 227-240
Author(s):  
KR Flanders ◽  
ZH Olson ◽  
KA Ono
Keyword(s):  
Next Generation Sequencing ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Atlantic Menhaden ◽  
Halichoerus Grypus ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Grey Seal ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Generation Sequencing ◽  
Seal Diet

Increasing grey seal Halichoerus grypus abundance in coastal New England is leading to social, political, economic, and ecological controversies. Central to these issues is the foraging ecology and diet composition of the seals. We studied grey seal feeding habits through next-generation sequencing of prey DNA using 16S amplicons from seal scat (n = 74) collected from a breeding colony on Monomoy Island in Massachusetts, USA, and report frequency of occurrence and relative read abundance. We also assigned seal sex to scat samples using a revised PCR assay. In contrast to current understanding of grey seal diet from hard parts and fatty acid analysis, we found no significant difference between male and female diet measured by alpha and beta diversity. Overall, we detected 24 prey groups, 18 of which resolved to species. Sand lance Ammodytes spp. were the most frequently consumed prey group, with a frequency of occurrence (FO) of 97.3%, consistent with previous studies, but Atlantic menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus, the second most frequently consumed species (FO = 60.8%), has not previously been documented in US grey seal diet. Our results suggest that a metabarcoding approach to seal food habits can yield important new ecological insights, but that traditional hard parts analysis does not underestimate consumption of Atlantic cod Gadus morhua (FO = 6.7%, Gadidae spp.) and salmon Salmo salar (FO = 0%), 2 particularly valuable species of concern.

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