Host Plants and Illustrations of the Feeding Habits, Last Instar Larva, and Pupa of Anoncia mosa Hodges (Gelechioidea: Cosmopterigidae), with Notes on Larval and Pupal Characters of Potential Taxonomic Significance in the Cosmopterigidae

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeriu Albu ◽  
Steven Passoa ◽  
Sebastian Albu
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Instar Larva ◽  
Taxonomic Significance

scholarly journals Assortments of Digestive Enzymes Induced in First Instar Larvae of Busseola fusca Feeding on Different Plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 117954331984352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gérald Juma ◽  
Bruno Le Ru ◽  
Paul-André Calatayud
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Busseola Fusca ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Host Acceptance ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Sub Saharan

The stem borer Busseola fusca (Fuller) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is an important pest of maize and sorghum in sub-Saharan Africa. This insect has oligophagous feeding habits, feeding mostly on maize and sorghum with a narrow range of wild Poaceous plant species. We hypothesised that first instar B. fusca larvae, the critical stage for successful establishment on a host plant, can establish and then grow on a particular plant as a result of induction of a complement of digestive enzymes that mediates host acceptance at first instars. A fast semi-quantitative analysis of potentially digestive enzymatic activities present in the first larvae previously fed for 4 days on leaves of host and non-host plants was performed using the API-ZYM kit system able to detect a multiplex of enzyme activities. Regardless of the plant species, the larvae exhibited higher activities of the carbohydrate metabolising enzymes than of aminopeptidases and proteases. In addition, highest activities of carbohydrates degrading enzymes were exhibited by larvae that consumed leaves of the most preferred plant species of B. fusca. Conversely, esterases were only detected in neonate larvae that consumed leaves of the less preferred and non-host plants. No alkaline phosphatase and lipase activities were detected. The significance of these results was discussed in terms of food requirements of first instar larvae when settling on a plant.

Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) crocodyliforms from north-eastern Iberia: a first attempt to explain the crocodyliform diversity based on tooth qualitative traits

2019 ◽  
Vol 189 (2) ◽  
pp. 584-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Blanco ◽  
Eduardo Puértolas-Pascual ◽  
Josep Marmi ◽  
Blanca Moncunill-Solé ◽  
Sergio Llácer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Taxonomic Significance ◽  
Environmental Preferences ◽  
Qualitative Traits ◽  
North Eastern

Abstract During recent years, knowledge about crocodyliform diversity of the uppermost Cretaceous from Europe has been substantially improved. Palaeontological efforts have also been focused on microvertebrate diversity and its palaeoecological implications. Isolated crocodylomorph teeth are, by far, one of the most frequently recovered elements in microvertebrate samples. In the present paper, morphological features of crocodylomorph teeth collected throughout the complete Maastrichtian series of the southern Pyrenean basin (north-eastern Spain), together with several mandibular remains, are described and analysed. Teeth were grouped in morphotypes and their taxonomic significance is discussed. The results highlight a diverse crocodylomorph assemblage in this area throughout the Maastrichtian. In addition, feeding habits and environmental preferences are inferred for the identified taxa according to dental features, occurrences and taphonomy.

STUDY OF MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TAXONOMICALLY SIGNIFICANT AQUATIC AND SEMIAQUATIC FAMILIES IN HETEROPTERA

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
MAMTA KUMARI ◽  
SUSHIL KUMAR
Keyword(s):  
Brackish Water ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
The Other ◽  
Taxonomic Significance ◽  
Taxonomic Importance ◽  
Copulatory Complex ◽  
Shape And Size

The heteroptera is an important suborder of order hemiptera and includes a large number of aquatic and semiaquatic forms, which are of a taxonomic importance. The study recorded 14 families namely Napidae, Notonectidae Pleidae, Belostomatidae, Naucoridae, Corixidae, Gelastocoreidae, Ochtaridae, Hydrometridae, Velidae Mesoveliidae, Gerridae, Saldidae and Herbridae. Aquatic and semiaquatic heteropteran insects are of variable sizes from 1.5 mm. to 110 mm long living mainly in lentic and lotic fresh water. Some even live in brackish water, only a few species are marine. These are different in morphology and feeding habits from their terrestrial forms. Some are truly aquatic, provided with effective swimming respiratory structure along with modification of body shape and size. Besides the genitalia and copulatory complex of all the species studied has been dealt. The other morphological features of taxonomic significance were also studied. This study finds various morphological features in the members of different aquatic and semiaquatic families of heteroptera.

Notes upon the biology and morphology of the immature stages of Neottiophilum praeustum (Meigen, 1926)(Diptera: Neottiophilidae) parasitic on birds

Parasitology ◽  
1954 ◽  
Vol 44 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 111-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Tate
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Instar Larva ◽  
Rhagoletis Pomonella ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Primitive Character ◽  
Prepupal Stage ◽  
Calliphora Erythrocephala ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Instar Larvae

1. The feeding habits of second- and third-instar larvae of Neottiophilum praeustum have been observed and show that this species is a true parasite of birds and feeds by sucking the blood of nestlings.2. If they are too numerous the larvae may kill the nestlings. Although they will continue to feed upon dead birds, and even penetrate into the viscera, such food is unsuitable for the development of the larvae and they become greatly distended and die within a few days.3. The morphology of the hitherto unknown second-instar larva is described and is compared with that of the third instar.4. Within the puparium of Neottiophilum praeustum there is a fourth moult resulting in the formation of a cast prepupal cuticle which resembles that described by Snodgrass in Rhagoletis pomonella and is much better developed than the prepupal cuticle in Calliphora erythrocephala.5. The better development of the prepupal cuticle in the acalypterates than in calypterates indicates that the presence of a prepupal stage in the cyclorrhaphous Diptera is a primitive character and is progressively reduced until in the higher families it is almost vestigial.

Phylogeny of the Oxycoryninae sensu lato (Coleoptera:Belidae) and evolution of host-plant associations

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 447 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Marvaldi ◽  
R. G. Oberprieler ◽  
C. H. C. Lyal ◽  
T. Bradbury ◽  
R. S. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Plant Associations ◽  
New Information

Phylogenetic relationships among the genera of the subfamily Oxycoryninae and other belids (Curculionoidea) were reconstructed by cladistic analysis using 21 terminals and 98 characters: 62 from imaginal morphology, 33 from larval morphology and three biological characters relating to host plants and larval feeding habits. Terminal taxa represent all extant genera of Oxycoryninae, two genera of each of the three tribes of Belinae plus two outgroup taxa used to root the tree. New information on the larvae and biology of the metrioxenines is used in phylogenetic reconstruction. In accord with the single optimal cladogram obtained, a revised classification of the Oxycoryninae is proposed. The subfamily is classified into three tribes (Oxycorynini, Metrioxenini and Aglycyderini), with the tribe Oxycorynini further classified into three subtribes (Oxycraspedina Marvaldi & Oberprieler, subtr. nov., Oxycorynina and Allocorynina) and the tribe Metrioxenini into two subtribes (Metrioxenina and Afrocorynina ( = Hispodini, syn. nov.)). Larval and adult unambiguous synapomorphies defining each clade are identified. Tracing the evolution of biological traits from the phylogenetic estimate indicates that drastic shifts to phylogenetically distant host plants occurred from the ancestral belid association with conifers. Structural, chemical and/or ecological similarities of the plant organs consumed apparently had a major influence in the colonisation of different plant taxa by this group of weevils.

Description of the egg and larva of Euphranta connexa (Fabricius) (Diptera: Tephritidae) and of the egg of its parasitoid Scambus brevicornis (Gravenhorst) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea)

1982 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars-Åke Janzon
Keyword(s):  
Instar Larva ◽  
Taxonomic Significance ◽  
Respiratory Organ ◽  
Tephritid Species ◽  
First Time ◽  
Euphranta Connexa ◽  
Sem Studies

AbstractThe eggs of Euphranta connexa (Fabricius) and Scambus brevicornis (Gravenhorst) are described for the first time. Although the 3rd instar larva of E. connexa has briefly been described from Czechoslovakia, Swedish specimens are shorter, have fewer tubules in the anterior respiratory organ and the interspiracular bristles of the posterior respiratory organ look different. SEM studies of the 3rd instar larva also revealed ultrastructural characters of taxonomic significance. This is clearly shown in comparisons made with other tephritid species.

SUSCEPTIBILITY AND VULNERABILITY OF THIRD-INSTAR LARVAE OF THE SPRUCE BUDWORM (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) TO BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS SUBSP. KURSTAKI

2000 ◽  
Vol 132 (5) ◽  
pp. 573-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurélie Massé ◽  
Kees van Frankenhuyzen ◽  
John Dedes
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Larval Density ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Instar Larva ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Spray Chamber ◽  
Third Instar Larvae

AbstractA droplet-imbibing assay was used to assess the susceptibility of third-instar larvae of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana Clemens, to Foray 48B, a commercial formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki containing 12.7 billion international units (IU) per litre. We observed an LD50 of 1.17 IU/larva for third instars, as compared with 3.96 IU/larva for fifth instars. Comparison with previously published data on susceptibility of later instars revealed that third instars were two-to three-fold more susceptible to Foray 48B than fourth and fifth instars and about eightfold more susceptible than sixth instars. Vulnerability of third instars to simulated aerial spray deposits was investigated by using potted balsam firs, Abies balsamea L. Potted trees were infested in the greenhouse when the buds were starting to swell, using a density of about one newly emerged second-instar larva per bud. When 90% of the larvae had reached the third instar and 52% of the buds were breaking (4 d after infesting), infested twigs were harvested and sprayed with undiluted Foray 48B in a spray chamber. Spray droplets on the buds measured between 25 and 125 μm in diameter, with 80% having a diameter of 80 μm or less. A density of 4.2 ± 1.0 droplets per bud resulted in spruce budworm mortality of 83.4 ± 4.0% and a corresponding reduction in larval density of 86.5 ± 3.9% (means ± SD, n = 6) after 5 d at 25 °C. Results of the spray chamber test suggest that third-instar spruce budworms were able to acquire a lethal dose, despite their concealed feeding habits.

Host Plant Records and Biology of Aphids on Cereal Grains and Grasses in Manitoba (Homoptera: Aphididae)

1963 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Robinson ◽  
Sze-Jih Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Senior Author ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Economic Injury ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus

Collections of aphids on cereal grains and grasses in Manitoba were made during the years 1958-62. The species collected are important because of their possible economic injury to cereal crops and also because several of the species are known vectors of the barley yellow dwarf virus of barley, oats and other Gramineae. Bruehl (1961) listed all known hosts of the virus, mostly determined in greenhouse inoculation trials. He emphasized the importance oi the feeding habits of aphids under natural conditions in the field. In 1962 most species of aphids on Gramineae were present in unusually large numbers in Manitoba, and an excellent opportunity was afforded to obtain records of breeding colonies on 38 host plants, many of them in the Forage Plots of the Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba. The host plants and aphids are listed in Table I. The aphid species were determined by W. R. Richards, Entomology Research Institute, Ottawa, or by the senior author.

Field studies on the biology and economic importance of Pachnoda interrupta (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Mali, west africa

1992 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.P. Grunshaw
Keyword(s):  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Instar Larva ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
North West ◽  
The Third ◽  
Pachnoda Interrupta ◽  
Economic Injury ◽  
Third Instar Larva

AbstractA description is given of the life history, biology and feeding habits of the cetoniine beetle Pachnoda interrupta (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) studied in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) fields in north-west Mali. The third instar larva of this beetle, reared from the progeny of field captured adults, is also described and figured. Yield losses to a range of beetle densities (1–5 and 10 beetles/head) on millet heads have been estimated to range from 9 to 48% in caged trial experiments. The regression equation generated from these data may be used to establish economic injury thresholds and predict losses resulting from varying beetle densities.

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