Primary Host Plants for Aphis gossypii GLOVER, and its Landing on Secondary Host Plants

Aphids provide a good model system to understand the ecological speciation concept, since the majority of the species are host-specific, and they spend their entire lifecycle on certain groups of host plants. Aphid species that apparently have wide host plant ranges have often turned out to be complexes of host-specialized biotypes. Here we investigated the various host-associated populations of the two recently diverged species, Aphis gossypii and A. rhamnicola, having multiple primary hosts, to understand the complex evolution with host-associated speciation. Using mitochondrial DNA marker and nine microsatellite loci, we reconstructed the haplotype network, and analyzed the genetic structure and relationships. Approximate Bayesian computation was also used to infer the ancestral primary host and host-associated divergence, which resulted in Rhamnus being the most ancestral host for A. gossypii and A. rhamnicola. As a result, Aphis gossypii and A. rhamnicola do not randomly use their primary and secondary host plants; rather, certain biotypes use only some secondary and specific primary hosts. Some biotypes are possibly in a diverging state through specialization to specific primary hosts. Our results also indicate that a new heteroecious race can commonly be derived from the heteroecious ancestor, showing strong evidence of ecological specialization through a primary host shift in both A. gossypii and A. rhamnicola. Interestingly, A. gossypii and A. rhamnicola shared COI haplotypes with each other, thus there is a possibility of introgression by hybridization between them by cross-sharing same primary hosts. Our results contribute to a new perspective in the study of aphid evolution by identifying complex evolutionary trends in the gossypii sensu lato complex.

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Annual Occurrence and Population Dynamics, of Cotton Aphids, Aphis gossypii Glover on Specific Host Plants at Sharkia Governorate, Egypt

Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences A Entomology ◽

10.21608/eajb.2017.11995 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 7-18

Author(s):

Ibrahim A. ◽

H. Megahed

Keyword(s):

Population Dynamics ◽

Host Plants ◽

Aphis Gossypii ◽

Specific Host ◽

Aphis Gossypii Glover

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Variability and genetic basis for migratory behaviour in a spring population of the aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover in the Yangtze River Valley of China

Bulletin of Entomological Research ◽

10.1017/s0007485308005816 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 98 (5) ◽

pp. 491-497 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

X.D. Liu ◽

B.P. Zhai ◽

X.X. Zhang ◽

H.N. Gu

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Maternal Effect ◽

Genetic Basis ◽

Aphis Gossypii ◽

Flight Behaviour ◽

Primary Host ◽

Flight Duration ◽

Selection For ◽

Secondary Host Plants ◽

Takeoff Angle

AbstractThe population dynamics, development of gonads, takeoff and flight behaviour of Aphis gossypii Glover were investigated in order to test whether there was variation of migratory ability in the spring population. Field surveys showed that not all the aphids overwintering on hibiscus migrated to the secondary host plants, and the host-alternating and host-specific life-cycle forms coexisted in Nanjing, China. Substantial variation in flight capacity of winged individuals, development of gonads and takeoff behaviour were found within the spring population. The frequency distribution of flight duration and the number of ovarioles per individual alatae exhibited two peaks, representing the migratory and sedentary genotypes, respectively. Significant response to directional selection on takeoff behaviour demonstrated the additive genetic component of this variation. Selection for ‘takeoff’ individuals caused a significant increase in takeoff angle from 39.8° in the first selection to 68.7° in the fifth; and, hence, screened out the migratory genotype (M), while selection for the sedentary individuals increased the rate of non-takeoffs significantly, and screened out the sedentary genotype (S). The reciprocal cross, M♀×S♂, produced hybrid offspring performing significantly steeper takeoff angles compared with those from the cross S♀×M♂, suggesting the presence of a maternal effect. On the other hand, takeoff rate was ranked as M♀×S♂=S♀×M♂>M>S, involving no sex-linkage and maternal effect. The coexistence of host-alternating and host-specific life-cycle forms of A. gossypii on the primary host has, as deduced from the present studies, a genetic basis.

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Innovative Approach for the Use of Huwa-San TR50 in Controlling Cotton Aphids (Aphis gossypii Glover)

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v9n4p77 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 77

Author(s):

Saleh S. Alhewairini

Keyword(s):

Host Plants ◽

Aphis Gossypii ◽

Coccinella Septempunctata ◽

Aphid Species ◽

Observable Effect ◽

Cotton Aphid ◽

Main Method ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Aphis Gossypii Glover ◽

And Behavior

Chemical control remains the main method of controlling the cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii Glover). Millions of dollars have been lost due to plant damage which resulted in reduced quality and yield of cotton. Nevertheless, A. gossypii can rapidly develop resistance to different groups of insecticides such as organophosphates, carbamates and pyrethroids. The potential of Huwa-San TR50 in controlling A. gossypii is yet to be tested. Huwa-San TR50 is a formula of hydrogen peroxide which has been stabilized by the addition of a small quantity of silver and has extensively used as a disinfectant. In this study, it was found to be very potent in killing A. gossypii and produced 93.5, 96.5, 97 and 95.5% mortality at 1000, 2000, 3000 and 4000 ppm, respectively, after 48 h of exposure. Furthermore, there was no significant difference between four Huwa-San TR50 concentrations after 48 h of exposure, on the mortality of A. gossypii. Huwa-San TR50 of up to 4000 ppm had no observable effects on the mortality and behavior of adult honeybee workers (Apis mellifera lamarckii) as compared with the control. Also, Huwa-San TR50 concentration of up to 3000 ppm had no observable effect on seven-spot ladybird beetles (Coccinella septempunctata) whereas a concentration of 4000 ppm produced 100% mortality after 24 h of exposure. Huwa-San TR50 concentrations of up to 2000 ppm failed to produce any symptoms on cucumber leaves. The differential effects of Huwa-San TR50 on aphids and beneficial insects, suggest the need for further investigation to understand the effects of Huwa-San TR50 on other host plants of aphids and aphid species.

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Insecticide resistance of the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Homoptera: Aphididae). II. Variation of esterase activity by host plants.

Japanese Journal of Applied Entomology and Zoology ◽

10.1303/jjaez.34.37 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 37-41 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Tsutomu SAITO

Keyword(s):

Insecticide Resistance ◽

Esterase Activity ◽

Host Plants ◽

Aphis Gossypii ◽

Cotton Aphid ◽

Aphis Gossypii Glover

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Susceptibility of Aphis gossypii (Glover) to Insecticides as Affected by Host Plant Using a Rapid Bioassay

Journal of Entomological Science ◽

10.18474/0749-8004-29.3.289 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 289-301 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

C. L. McKenzie ◽

B. Cartwright

Keyword(s):

Host Plant ◽

Host Plants ◽

Aphis Gossypii ◽

Petri Dish ◽

Cotton Aphid ◽

Field Bioassay ◽

Wide Range ◽

Aphis Gossypii Glover ◽

Rapid Bioassay ◽

Melon Aphid

The susceptibility of Aphis gossypii (Glover) reared on watermelon or cotton to seven insecticides was determined using a Petri dish bioassay. Baseline susceptibility values to each insecticide for susceptible laboratory A. gossypii colonies varied between host plants, but aphids reared on cotton were generally more tolerant to insecticides than aphids from watermelon. The ratio of relative susceptibility of cotton aphids to melon aphids was as much as 1000 with dimethoate or 415 with bifenthrin, however, no significant differences in susceptibility was observed with chlorpyrifos between aphid populations from the two host plants. Orders of toxicity for the seven insecticides varied between host plant, but on watermelon, the order of toxicity was bifenthrin > oxydemeton-methyl > methomyl > dicrotophos > dimethoate > chlorpyrifos > endosulfan. Because of the wide range of response to insecticide doses observed with bifenthrin on melon aphid and with dimethoate and endosulfan against cotton aphid, use of the Petri dish bioassay method as a discriminating-dose field bioassay for these insecticides may not provide consistent estimations of the resistant nature of field populations. Bioassay data taken at 3 h were generally more consistent and provided a more predictive mortality model than those taken at 2 or 4 h for most insecticides. LC50 values estimated for dimethoate with melon aphids using leaf-spray or leaf residue bioassays differed little from LC50 values estimated with the Petri dish bioassay. Because Petri dish bioassays cost less than half as much as plant-based bioassays, provide comparable results, and require less assay time, this method is more suitable for use in monitoring for insecticide resistance in melon aphid.

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