scholarly journals Complex evolution in Aphis gossypii group (Hemiptera: Aphididae), evidence of primary host shift and hybridization between sympatric species

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0245604
Author(s):  
Yerim Lee ◽  
Thomas Thieme ◽  
Hyojoong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Haplotype Network ◽  
Host Shift ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Ecological Specialization ◽  
Primary Host ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Approximate Bayesian

Aphids provide a good model system to understand the ecological speciation concept, since the majority of the species are host-specific, and they spend their entire lifecycle on certain groups of host plants. Aphid species that apparently have wide host plant ranges have often turned out to be complexes of host-specialized biotypes. Here we investigated the various host-associated populations of the two recently diverged species, Aphis gossypii and A. rhamnicola, having multiple primary hosts, to understand the complex evolution with host-associated speciation. Using mitochondrial DNA marker and nine microsatellite loci, we reconstructed the haplotype network, and analyzed the genetic structure and relationships. Approximate Bayesian computation was also used to infer the ancestral primary host and host-associated divergence, which resulted in Rhamnus being the most ancestral host for A. gossypii and A. rhamnicola. As a result, Aphis gossypii and A. rhamnicola do not randomly use their primary and secondary host plants; rather, certain biotypes use only some secondary and specific primary hosts. Some biotypes are possibly in a diverging state through specialization to specific primary hosts. Our results also indicate that a new heteroecious race can commonly be derived from the heteroecious ancestor, showing strong evidence of ecological specialization through a primary host shift in both A. gossypii and A. rhamnicola. Interestingly, A. gossypii and A. rhamnicola shared COI haplotypes with each other, thus there is a possibility of introgression by hybridization between them by cross-sharing same primary hosts. Our results contribute to a new perspective in the study of aphid evolution by identifying complex evolutionary trends in the gossypii sensu lato complex.

scholarly journals The Bacterial Flora Associated with the Polyphagous Aphid Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Is Strongly Affected by Host Plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 971-984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shifen Xu ◽  
Liyun Jiang ◽  
Gexia Qiao ◽  
Jing Chen
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Ecological Specialization ◽  
Cotton Aphid ◽  
Symbiotic Associations

AbstractAphids live in symbiosis with a variety of bacteria, including the obligate symbiont Buchnera aphidicola and diverse facultative symbionts. The symbiotic associations for one aphid species, especially for polyphagous species, often differ across populations. In the present study, by using high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing, we surveyed in detail the microbiota in natural populations of the cotton aphid Aphis gossypii in China and assessed differences in bacterial diversity with respect to host plant and geography. The microbial community of A. gossypii was dominated by a few heritable symbionts. Arsenophonus was the most dominant secondary symbiont, and Spiroplasma was detected for the first time. Statistical tests and ordination analyses showed that host plants rather than geography seemed to have shaped the associated symbiont composition. Special symbiont communities inhabited the Cucurbitaceae-feeding populations, which supported the ecological specialization of A. gossypii on cucurbits from the viewpoint of symbiotic bacteria. Correlation analysis suggested antagonistic interactions between Buchnera and coexisting secondary symbionts and more complicated interactions between different secondary symbionts. Our findings lend further support to an important role of the host plant in structuring symbiont communities of polyphagous aphids and will improve our understanding of the interactions among phytophagous insects, symbionts, and environments.

scholarly journals A review of the endemic Hawaiian Drosophilidae and their host plants

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1728 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
KARL N. MAGNACCA ◽  
DAVID FOOTE ◽  
PATRICK M. O’GRADY
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Ecological Specialization ◽  
Primary Host ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
Rare And Endangered ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
Insight Into

The Hawaiian Drosophilidae is one of the best examples of rapid speciation in nature. Nearly 1,000 species of endemic drosophilids have evolved in situ in Hawaii since a single colonist arrived over 25 million years ago. A number of mechanisms, including ecological adaptation, sexual selection, and geographic isolation, have been proposed to explain the evolution of this hyperdiverse group of species. Here, we examine the known ecological associations of 326 species of endemic Hawaiian Drosophilidae in light of the phylogenetic relationships of these species. Our analysis suggests that the long-accepted belief of strict ecological specialization in this group does not hold for all taxa. While many species have a primary host plant family, females will also oviposit on non-preferred host plant taxa. Host shifting is fairly common in some groups, especially the grimshawi and modified mouthparts species groups of Drosophila, and the Scaptomyza subgenus Elmomyza. Associations with types of substrates (bark, leaves, flowers) are more evolutionarily conserved than associations with host plant families. These data not only give us insight into the role ecology has played in the evolution of this large group, but can help in making decisions about the management of rare and endangered host plants and the insects that rely upon them for survival.

scholarly journals Bacterial Communities of Two Parthenogenetic Aphid Species Cocolonizing Two Host Plants across the Hawaiian Islands

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (23) ◽  
pp. 8345-8349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan T. Jones ◽  
Alberto Bressan ◽  
April M. Greenwell ◽  
Noah Fierer
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Hawaiian Islands ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Alpinia Purpurata ◽  
Melon Aphid ◽  
Aphid Populations

ABSTRACTAphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) have been the focus of several studies with respect to their interactions with inherited symbionts, but bacterial communities of most aphid species are still poorly characterized. In this research, we used bar-coded pyrosequencing to characterize bacterial communities in aphids. Specifically, we examined the diversity of bacteria in two obligately parthenogenetic aphid species (the melon aphid,Aphis gossypii, and the cardamom aphid,Pentalonia caladii) cocolonizing two plant species (taro,Colocasia esculenta, and ginger,Alpinia purpurata) across four Hawaiian Islands (Hawaii, Kauai, Maui, and Oahu). Results from this study revealed that heritable symbionts dominated the bacterial communities for both aphid species. The bacterial communities differed significantly between the two species, andA. gossypiiharbored a more diverse bacterial community thanP. caladii. The bacterial communities also differed across aphid populations sampled from the different islands; however, communities did not differ between aphids collected from the two host plants.

scholarly journals Microbiome diversity of cotton aphids (Aphis gossypii) is associated with host alternation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-jie Ma ◽  
Hao-peng He ◽  
Hai-meng Zhao ◽  
Yi-dan Xian ◽  
Hui Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Symbiotic Bacteria ◽  
Host Alternation ◽  
Specific Host ◽  
Rdna Sequencing

AbstractAphids are infected by a series of bacteria that can help them survive on specific host plants. However, the associations between aphids and these bacteria are not clear, and the bacterial communities in many aphid species are poorly characterized. Here, we investigated the bacterial communities of cotton aphids (Aphis gossypii) on 2 representative winter host plants and transferred to 3 summer host plants by 16S rDNA sequencing using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Our results revealed that the bacterial communities varied among cotton aphids on hibiscus, cotton aphids on pomegranate, cotton aphids on cotton transferred from hibiscus, cotton aphids on muskmelon transferred from hibiscus, cotton aphids on cucumber transferred from hibiscus,. The diversity and richness of the bacterial communities were significantly higher in aphids on muskmelon and aphids on cucumber than in the other treatments. There were two main factors influencing the distribution of internal bacterial OTUs revealed by principal component analysis, including the differences among Punicaceae, Malvaceae and Cucurbitaceae. There were 28 bacterial communities with significant differences between two arbitrary treatments, which could be grouped into 6 main clusters depending on relative abundance. Moreover, our results indicated that in addition to the obligate endosymbiont Buchnera, with a dominant position (> 52%), A. gossypii also harbored 3 facultative endosymbiotic bacteria (Serratia, Arsenophonus, and Wolbachia) and 3 possibly symbiotic bacteria (Acinetobacter, Pantoea, and Flavobacterium). There were several correspondences between the symbiotic bacteria in cotton aphids and the specific host plants of the aphids. This study provides a better understanding of the interactions among symbiotic bacteria, aphids and host plants, suggesting that the selection pressure on aphid bacterial communities is likely to be exerted by the species of host plants.

scholarly journals Innovative Approach for the Use of Huwa-San TR50 in Controlling Cotton Aphids (Aphis gossypii Glover)

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Saleh S. Alhewairini
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Coccinella Septempunctata ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Observable Effect ◽  
Cotton Aphid ◽  
Main Method ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Aphis Gossypii Glover ◽  
And Behavior

Chemical control remains the main method of controlling the cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii Glover). Millions of dollars have been lost due to plant damage which resulted in reduced quality and yield of cotton. Nevertheless, A. gossypii can rapidly develop resistance to different groups of insecticides such as organophosphates, carbamates and pyrethroids. The potential of Huwa-San TR50 in controlling A. gossypii is yet to be tested. Huwa-San TR50 is a formula of hydrogen peroxide which has been stabilized by the addition of a small quantity of silver and has extensively used as a disinfectant. In this study, it was found to be very potent in killing A. gossypii and produced 93.5, 96.5, 97 and 95.5% mortality at 1000, 2000, 3000 and 4000 ppm, respectively, after 48 h of exposure. Furthermore, there was no significant difference between four Huwa-San TR50 concentrations after 48 h of exposure, on the mortality of A. gossypii. Huwa-San TR50 of up to 4000 ppm had no observable effects on the mortality and behavior of adult honeybee workers (Apis mellifera lamarckii) as compared with the control. Also, Huwa-San TR50 concentration of up to 3000 ppm had no observable effect on seven-spot ladybird beetles (Coccinella septempunctata) whereas a concentration of 4000 ppm produced 100% mortality after 24 h of exposure. Huwa-San TR50 concentrations of up to 2000 ppm failed to produce any symptoms on cucumber leaves. The differential effects of Huwa-San TR50 on aphids and beneficial insects, suggest the need for further investigation to understand the effects of Huwa-San TR50 on other host plants of aphids and aphid species.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity and Potential Vectors and Reservoirs of Cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus in Southeastern Spain

2013 ◽  
Vol 103 (11) ◽  
pp. 1188-1197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona A. Kassem ◽  
Miguel Juarez ◽  
Pedro Gómez ◽  
Carmen M. Mengual ◽  
Raquel N. Sempere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Purifying Selection ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Nucleotide Substitutions ◽  
Multiple Introductions ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Southeastern Spain

The genetic variability of a Cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus (CABYV) (genus Polerovirus, family Luteoviridae) population was evaluated by determining the nucleotide sequences of two genomic regions of CABYV isolates collected in open-field melon and squash crops during three consecutive years in Murcia (southeastern Spain). A phylogenetic analysis showed the existence of two major clades. The sequences did not cluster according to host, year, or locality of collection, and nucleotide similarities among isolates were 97 to 100 and 94 to 97% within and between clades, respectively. The ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous nucleotide substitutions reflected that all open reading frames have been under purifying selection. Estimates of the population's genetic diversity were of the same magnitude as those previously reported for other plant virus populations sampled at larger spatial and temporal scales, suggesting either the presence of CABYV in the surveyed area long before it was first described, multiple introductions, or a particularly rapid diversification. We also determined the full-length sequences of three isolates, identifying the occurrence and location of recombination events along the CABYV genome. Furthermore, our field surveys indicated that Aphis gossypii was the major vector species of CABYV and the most abundant aphid species colonizing melon fields in the Murcia (Spain) region. Our surveys also suggested the importance of the weed species Ecballium elaterium as an alternative host and potential virus reservoir.

Molecular phylogeny of Fordini (Hemiptera: Aphididae: Pemphiginae) inferred from nuclear gene EF-1 α and mitochondrial gene COI

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.C. Zhang ◽  
G.X. Qiao
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Primary Host ◽  
Gene Coi ◽  
The Common ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractThe tribe Fordini is a fascinating group because of its complicated life history, primary host specificity and gall-forming characteristic. Different species produce galls with different morphology on different parts of the host plants. The EF-1α-based, COI-based and combined sequences-based phylogenetic trees with three algorithms MP, ML and Bayes all strongly suggest that Fordini is a monophyletic group with two clades corresponding to two subtribes, Fordina and Melaphidina, each also monophyletic. Some important morphological characters and primary host plants of aphids were mapped onto the phylogenetic tree to analyse the division of subtribes and to uncover at which level the aphids correspond to their primary hosts, Pistacia and Rhus. Results suggest that the division of subtribes in Fordini is closely related to host selection of aphids. The evolution of gall morphology and the probable driving force behind it in this tribe were also discussed. The Fordini aphids seem to have evolved towards a better ability to manipulate their host plant, induce strong sinks and gain high reproductive success. Galls in this tribe evolved mainly along two directions to attain this goal: (i) by enlarging the gall from small bag to spherical, even big cauliflower-like, and changing the galls' location or forming two galls in their life cycle (Fordina); (ii) by moving the gall position from midrib, petiole of the leaflet, and eventually to the common petiole of the compound leaf (Melaphidina).

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