ACUTE HEAT STRESS EFFECTS ON HEAT PRODUCTION AND RESPIRATION RATE IN SWINE

Romney-cross ewe lambs (n = 27) were subjected to controlled environmental conditions to induce acute heat stress. The goals of the study were to: (1) determine appropriate physiological indicators of acute heat stress, (2) determine threshold rectal temperatures (Tr) for catecholamine and cortisol release, (3) determine effects on meat quality, and (4) assess the effect of dehydration on the above measures. There were 3 treatments: control (ambient temperature and humidity), heat stress (33°C, and 85-100% humidity), and heat stress combined with water deprivation. The duration of the treatment period was 12 h. Respiration rate (Rf) and rectal temperature (Tr) were highly correlated with increasing temperature humidity index (THI) (r > 0.75, P < 0.001), whereas heart rate was less responsive to THI (r = 0.30, P < 0.05). The welfare of these lambs was at risk at Tr greater than 40.5°C, a point at which respiration rate was maximal and unable to prevent further increases in Tr. Plasma cortisol concentrations were increased in heat-stressed lambs after Tr reached approximately 40.7°C. Plasma catecholamines were only elevated in lambs when Tr was greater than 42°C. The majority of lambs subjected to heat stress had a Tr less than 42°C, and there were no significant effects on meat quality. Despite exhibiting increases in plasma protein concentrations, there were no indications that dehydrated lambs were under additional stress during heat challenge in comparison with hydrated lambs.

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Perspective Chapter: Using Feed Additives to Eliminate Harmful Effects of Heat Stress in Broiler Nutrition

10.5772/intechopen.101030 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

László Babinszky ◽

Csaba Szabó ◽

Márta Horváth

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Heat Production ◽

Heat Waves ◽

Effective Means ◽

Feed Additives ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Agricultural Industry ◽

Ambient Temperatures ◽

Acute Heat Stress ◽

Antioxidant Parameters

Global warming is one of the major challenges for mankind, with animal breeding one of the most affected sectors in the agricultural industry. High ambient temperatures negatively affect all domestic animals. While it is true that pork and dairy production suffer the consequences of heat waves, it is actually the poultry industry which is hit the hardest by the heat stress poultry must endure due to hotter weather. Consequently, we have a fundamental interest in reducing and/or eliminating the negative effects of climate change, i.e. prolonged high ambient temperatures. The aim of this chapter is to present the adverse effects of heat stress on energy metabolism, anti- and pro-oxidant capacity and production in birds. A further goal is to show how various feed additives (e.g. vitamin A, C and E, selenium, zinc, betaine, plant extract, and probiotics) can reduce the negative effects of heat stress. Based on the large number of recent scientific findings, the following conclusions were drawn: Using fat in the diet (up to 5%) can reduce heat production in livestock. Vitamins (e.g. A, E and C) are capable of reacting with free radicals. Vitamin E and Vitamin C, Zn, and Se supplementation improved antioxidant parameters. Antioxidant potential of vitamins and micro minerals is more efficient in combination under heat stress in poultry nutrition. Plant extracts (e.g. oregano) could decrease the negative effects of heat stress on antioxidant enzyme activity due to its antioxidant constituents. Betaine reduces heat production in animals at high ambient temperatures. While acute heat stress induces a drop in feed intake, with the resulting increased nutrient demand leading to weight loss, if heat stress is prolonged, adaptation will occur. Probiotics and vitamins (C and E) seem to be the most effective means to reduce the negative effects of heat stress.

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Acute heat-stress effects on physiology and fear-related behaviour in red jungle fowl and domestic fowl

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/a98-022 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 79 (2) ◽

pp. 165-170 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

I. Zulkifli ◽

R. T. Dass ◽

M. T. Che Norma

Keyword(s):

Heat Treatment ◽

Body Weight ◽

Heat Stress ◽

Tonic Immobility ◽

Heat Exposure ◽

Serum Glucose ◽

Stress Effects ◽

Red Jungle Fowl ◽

Acute Heat Stress ◽

Key Words Heat Stress

Two experiments were conducted to compare heat tolerance of red jungle fowl (RJF) and commercial broilers (CB) at (i) a common age and (ii) a common body weight. In exp. 1, RJF and CB of a common age (8 wk) were exposed to 36 ± 1°C for 6 h. RJF had smaller increases in heterophil to lymphocyte ratios and body temperature and higher serum cholesterol concentrations than CB in response to the heat treatment, while tonic immobility (TI) measurements were not affected by heat stress. In exp. 2, RJF and CB of a common body weight (1000 ± 150 g) were subjected to similar procedures as in exp. 1 (except TI durations). Both breeds responded similarly to the heat treatment. In both experiments, RJF had higher serum glucose level than CB, and the trait was not affected by heat exposure. Key words: Heat stress, physiology, fear, jungle fowl, broilers

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Heart rate variability during exertional heat stress: effects of heat production and treatment

European Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1007/s00421-013-2804-7 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 114 (4) ◽

pp. 785-792 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Andreas D. Flouris ◽

Andrea Bravi ◽

Heather E. Wright-Beatty ◽

Geoffrey Green ◽

Andrew J. Seely ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Heat Stress ◽

Heat Production ◽

Stress Effects ◽

Exertional Heat Stress

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Seasonal and acute heat stress effects on steroid production by dominant follicles in cows

Animal Reproduction Science ◽

10.1016/s0378-4320(96)01638-7 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 47 (1-2) ◽

pp. 9-19 ◽

Cited By ~ 121

Author(s):

D. Wolfenson ◽

B.J. Lew ◽

W.W. Thatcher ◽

Y. Graber ◽

R. Meidan

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Steroid Production ◽

Stress Effects ◽

Acute Heat Stress

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Heat Stress Effects of a Navy/USMC vs. Army Aviator Ensemble in a UH-6O Helicopter Simulator

10.21236/ada341281 ◽

1998 ◽

Author(s):

Matthew J. Reardon ◽

E. B. Fraser ◽

Lawrence Katz ◽

Patricia LeDuc ◽

Pooria Morovati

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Stress Effects

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Repeated thermal conditioning during the neonatal period affects behavioral and physiological responses to acute heat stress in chicks

Journal of Thermal Biology ◽

10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102759 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 94 ◽

pp. 102759

Author(s):

Yoshimitsu Ouchi ◽

Hiroshi Tanizawa ◽

Jun-ichi Shiraishi ◽

John F. Cockrem ◽

Vishwajit S. Chowdhury ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Neonatal Period ◽

Physiological Responses ◽

Acute Heat Stress

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Effect of chlorogenic acid on intestinal inflammation, antioxidant status, and microbial community of young hens challenged with acute heat stress

Animal Science Journal ◽

10.1111/asj.13619 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 92 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Fang Chen ◽

Hao Zhang ◽

Na Zhao ◽

Xuehai Yang ◽

Encun Du ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Microbial Community ◽

Chlorogenic Acid ◽

Antioxidant Status ◽

Intestinal Inflammation ◽

Acute Heat Stress

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Effects of cooled floor pads combined with chilled drinking water on behavior and performance of lactating sows under heat stress

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab066 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Y Zhu ◽

L J Johnston ◽

M H Reese ◽

E S Buchanan ◽

J E Tallaksen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Heat Stress ◽

Respiration Rate ◽

Rectal Temperature ◽

Time Budget ◽

Video Recording ◽

Lactating Sows ◽

Before And After ◽

And Performance ◽

Drinking Frequency

Abstract This study was conducted to evaluate whether cooled floor pads combined with chilled drinking water could alleviate negative impacts of heat stress on lactating sows. Thirty sows (Landrace × Yorkshire, Parity = 1 to 6) were housed in individual farrowing stalls in two rooms with temperatures being controlled at 29.4°C (0700–1900 hours) and 23.9°C (1900–0700 hours). Sows in one room (Cool), but not in the other room (Control) were provided cooled floor pads (21–22°C) and chilled drinking water (13–15°C). Behavior of sows (15 sows/treatment) was video recorded during farrowing, and days 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 after farrowing. Videos were viewed continuously to register the birth time of each piglet, from which total farrowing duration and birth intervals were calculated. The number of drinking bouts and the duration of each drinking bout were registered for each sow through viewing videos continuously for 2 h (1530–1730 hours) each video-recording day. Postures (lying laterally, lying ventrally, sitting, and standing) were recorded by scanning video recordings at 5-min intervals for 24 h each video-recording day, and time budget for each posture was calculated. Rectal temperature and respiration rate were measured for all sows the day before and after farrowing, and then once weekly. Sow and litter performance was recorded. Data were analyzed using the Glimmix procedure of SAS. The cooling treatment did not affect sow behavior or litter performance. Sows in the Cool room had lower rectal temperature (P = 0.03) and lower respiration rate (P < 0.001), consumed more feed (P = 0.03), tended to have reduced weight loss (P = 0.07), and backfat loss (P = 0.07) during lactation than sows in the Control room. As lactation progressed, sows increased drinking frequency (P < 0.001) and time spent lying ventrally (P < 0.0001), standing (P < 0.001), and sitting (P < 0.0001), and decreased time spent lying laterally (P < 0.0001) in both Cool and Control rooms. While cooled floor pads combined with chilled drinking water did not affect sow behavior, they did alleviate heat stress partially, as indicated by decreased rectal temperature, respiration rate, weight, and backfat loss, and increased feed intake in lactating sows.

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