Comparing Soil Erosion Estimates from RUSLE and USLE on Natural Runoff Plots

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Rapp ◽  
Vicente L. Lopes ◽  
Kenneth G. Renard
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Runoff Plots

scholarly journals Study on Soil Erosion Law of Highway Spoil Ground

2020 ◽  
Vol 145 ◽  
pp. 02022
Author(s):  
Zhang Dong ◽  
Shao Shegang ◽  
Ni Dong ◽  
Wang Jian
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Rate Increase ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Test Area ◽  
Runoff Rate ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Rate Correlation ◽  
Runoff Plots

In this study, a typical spoil ground was selected in the test area, and runoff plots were set up. Through rainfall tests and statistical analysis of the data, the soil erosion law of the spoil ground was studied. The results show that under different rainfall intensities, the soil bulk density is positive to the runoff rate. Correlation indicates that the increase of soil bulk density and runoff rate increase; the increase of soil bulk density increases the soil’s impact resistance, and the erosion rate decreases with the increase of bulk density.

Quantitative evaluation of soil erosion factors in Wuhan based on observation data of runoff plots during 2009-2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
韩旭，田培，黄建武，王珂珂，王瑾钰，刘目兴，潘成忠 HAN Xu
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Quantitative Evaluation ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Runoff Plots

scholarly journals The Effect of Soil Conservation Measures on Runoff, Soil Erosion, TN, and TP Losses Based on Experimental Runoff Plots in Northern China

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 2334
Author(s):  
Haiyan Fang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Nutrient Losses ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Conservation Measures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Soil Conservation Measures ◽  
Runoff Plots

Total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorous (TP) are the main pollutants affecting the water quality of the Miyun Reservoir, Beijing. However, few studies have been conducted on their responses to implemented soil conservation measures at a slope scale in northern China. To explore the impact of soil conservation measures on TN and TP losses, field monitored data from 18 runoff plots under natural rainfalls were used to analyze the changing characteristics of runoff, soil loss, and nutrient losses during 2014–2019. The results indicated that runoff, soil erosion, as well a TN and TP losses from the plots varied significantly, depending on land use and soil conservation measures. Bare plots suffered the highest soil, TN, and TP losses, followed by cultivated plots without soil conservation measures, cultivated plots with contour tillage, and other plots. Event-averaged runoff and soil loss rates ranged from 0 to 7.9 mm and from 0 to 444.4 t km−2 yr−1, and event-averaged TN and TP losses from cultivated plots were the highest, with values of 39.8 and 3.0 kg km−2, respectively. Bare and cultivated plots were the main sediment and nutrient sources. Among the cultivated plots, the terraced plot had the lowest soil and nutrient losses. The vegetated plots had insignificantly lower soil and nutrient losses. Most TN and TP were lost in particulate status from the plots, especially from the plots with soil conservation measures. Soil conservation measures can effectively prevent TN and TP losses. To guarantee water resource use, contour tillage is preferred for the bare and cultivated lands in the study region.

scholarly journals Studies on the role of improvement perimeters in preventing and combating soil erosion

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 192-199
Author(s):  
Mircea Moldovan ◽  
◽  
Ioan Tăut ◽  
Marcel Dîrja ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Agricultural Field ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Diprion Pini ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
Ecological Reconstruction ◽  
Runoff Plots

Work conducted over the course of a year have had as primary purpose the effect of ecological reconstruction through afforestation and other works (support fences, cross and longitudinal works în ravinees) in improvement perimeters Diviciori 1 (compartment 73) and Diviciori 3 (compartment 49). Forest vegetation was installed 30 years ago in 73, according to afforestation formula 7PiN-2Pa (Fr) -1 seadbucktorn and 50 years in 49, according to the afforestation formula: 5PiN-2Pi-3Mo. Stands were led using silvotechnic works were just regarding hygienization, in the first years. However, in the recent past, the trees have suffered due to abiotic factors that favorized the emergence of disease and pests (Lophodermium ssp. and Diprion pini). So as to obtain more relevant scientific data, test surfaces were placed following the methods used in the agricultural field, modified as to fit the forest field, so the data could be statistically processed and allow the recommendation of adequate technical solutions regarding the ecological reconstruction of the damaged terrains. Eight test areas were placed in the forests and limitrophe to them, the collected data concerning the volume of rainfall, the quantity of runoff on each surface, respectively material collected in the designated tanks. Therefore the collected data has been processed in the laboratory, ultimately uncovering the quantity of eroded material and comparing it between the two compartments and the limitrophe land, having the following values: 0.0912 t/ha in 49, 0.1718 t/ha outside 49, 0.0939 t/ha in 73 and 0.1657 outside 73. Keywords: Improvement perimeter, runoff plots, erosion, rainfall, forest bottom

Soil erosion monitoring at small scales: Using close range photogrammetry and laser scanning to evaluate initial sediment delivery

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffen Seitz ◽  
Thomas Scholten ◽  
Karsten Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Digital Cameras ◽  
Sediment Delivery ◽  
Micro Scale ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
Runoff Plots ◽  
Runoff Plot

<p>Soil erosion represents one of the most significant environmental problems of the 21<sup>st</sup> century with severe impacts on terrestrial ecosystems. Traditionally, soil losses by water are determined by runoff plots in situ. Micro-scale devices (<1 m length) are commonly used to monitor soil erosion rates in comparative field studies. This is especially the case in ecological-pedological experiments, investigating e.g. the effect of plant characteristics on erosion processes. The small plot size allows to focus precisely on interrill processes with the smallest possible set of confounding factors and a high number of replications. However, the runoff plot method is labour- and time-intensive, sediment handling can be challenging and the measurement accuracy varies importantly with the applied control of the measurement setup.</p><p>To optimize the acquisition of small-scale erosion data from splash and interrill processes, digital methods become more and more of interest. Therefore, we compared the use of photogrammetry with a) terrestrial and b) airborne (UAV) single lens reflex (SLR) cameras as well as c) a terrestrial laser scanner (Leica Scanstation P40) to determine event-based initial erosion rates. Rainfall simulations with the Tübingen rainfall simulator and micro-scale runoff plots (0.4 m × 0.4 m) were conducted on two substrates: a Hortic Anthrosol and sieved sand (0.10-0.45 mm). Runoff plots were exposed to rainfall events with an intensity of 60 mm h<sup>-1</sup>. The measurements were repeated 5 times per substrate for each method and images of the runoff plot surfaces were captured before and after every event. The overlapping SLR images were processed in Agisoft PhotoScan (Structure from Motion - SfM) to process digital surface models (DSMs) with sub-millimetre resolution (a + b). Laser scans were processed with Leica Cyclone and ESRI ArcGIS (c). We assessed the volume of detached sediment by calculating the differences between multi-temporal DSMs or point clouds. After every rainfall simulation, the discharged sediment was weighed to derive the ground-truth for validation.</p><p>The results showed that photogrammetry with digital cameras as well as the use of laser scanners are principally suitable methods to create small-scale 3D point clouds and to map topography differences necessary for initial erosion rate calculation. The processing with common software systems, however, proves to be challenging and high precision is required for recording in the field. All methods overestimated the erosion rates with differences to the weighed sediment delivery from 14 to 45 %. The accuracy was higher for uniform sand than for the Anthrosol treatment. The SfM approach with digital cameras derived better results than the laser scanner used in this study. The terrestrial use of cameras was superior to the airborne use in this small-scale setup, because of the necessary flight altitude to avoid air turbulences on the soil surface. Further development of the measuring techniques and their precise application in the field as well as adapted software processing are still needed. Nevertheless, the methods tested show promising possibilities even for small-scale erosion measurements. Ideas and further suggestions on improvements will be presented at the EGU 2020.</p>

ASSESSMENT OF SOIL EROSION IN VINH LINH, QUANG TRI USING RMMF MODEL (REVISED MORGAN - MORGAN - FINNEY)

2013 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyễn Quang Việt ◽  
Trương Đình Trọng ◽  
Hồ Thị Nga
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Soil Particle ◽  
Transport Capacity ◽  
Gis Technology ◽  
Particle Detachment ◽  
Sediment Transport Capacity ◽  
Northern District ◽  
Runoff And Soil Loss

Vinh Linh, the northern district of Quang Tri province is characterized by a diversified topography with a large variety of elevations, high rainfall, and decreasing land cover due to forest exploiting for cultivation land. Thus, there is a high risk of erosion, soil fertility washout. With the support of GIS technology, the authors used the rMMF model to measure soil erosion. The input data of model including 15 coefficients related to topography, soil properties, climate and land cover. The simulations of rMMF include estimates of rainfall energy, runoff, soil particle detachment by raindrop, soil particle detachment by runoff, sediment transport capacity of runoff and soil loss. The result showed that amount of soil loss in year is estimated to vary between 0 kg/m2 minimum and 149 kg/m2 maximum and is divided into 4-classes of erosion. Light class almost covers the region researched (75.9% of total area), while moderate class occupies 8.1% of total area, strong classes only hold small area (16% of total area). Therefore, protection of the forest floor in sloping areas is one of the most effective methods to reduce soil erosion.

COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH OF THE DECISION EXISTING PROBLEMS OF PROTECTION AND STABILIZATION OF WATER AND SOIL RESOURCES IN AZERBAIJAN

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
Aliyev Z.H.
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Laws Of Nature ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Comprehensive Approach ◽  
Soil Resources ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Development Methods

The article considers the issues of solving the problems of the development of the erosive danger of soil in Azerbaijan, which is why it should be understood that the human mind is unable to change the force of nature, but can only learn and correctly use the laws of nature, use the acting natural force and improve the ways of controlling them. At the same time, in the process of development, methods are struggling with soil erosion in the first stage, which is necessary for studying the causes of occurrence and patterns in its development

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