Proliferation and Osteogenic Differentiation of Pulp Stem Cells on Reduced Graphene Oxide-Incorporated Nanofibers

Reduced graphene oxide-coated hydroxyapatite (rGO-coated HAp) composites stimulated the spontaneous osteogenesis in human mesenchymal stem cells in the absence of osteoinductive agents.

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Stimulated Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Reduced Graphene Oxide

Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology ◽

10.1166/jnn.2015.11223 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 15 (10) ◽

pp. 7966-7970 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Linhua Jin ◽

Jong Ho Lee ◽

Oh Seong Jin ◽

Yong Cheol Shin ◽

Min Jeong Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Stem Cells ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Graphene Oxide ◽

Osteogenic Differentiation ◽

Reduced Graphene Oxide ◽

Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Alizarin Red ◽

Reduced Graphene

Osteoprogenitor cells play a significant role in the growth or repair of bones, and have great potential as cell sources for regenerative medicine and bone tissue engineering, but control of their specific differentiation into bone cells remains a challenge. Graphene-based nanomaterials are attractive candidates for biomedical applications as substrates for stem cell (SC) differentiation, scaffolds in tissue engineering, and components of implant devices owing to their biocompatible, transferable and implantable properties. This study examined the enhanced osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) by reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanoparticles (NPs), and rGO NPs was prepared by reducing graphene oxide (GO) with a hydrazine treatment followed by annealing in argon and hydrogen. The cytotoxicity profile of each particle was examined using a water-soluble tetrazolium-8 (WST-8) assay. At different time-points, a WST-8 assay, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay and alizarin red S (ARS) staining were used to determine the effects of rGO NPs on proliferation, differentiation and mineralization, respectively. The results suggest that graphene-based materials have potential as a platform for stem cells culture and biomedicalapplications.

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Reduced graphene oxide coating enhances osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells on Ti surfaces

Biomaterials Research ◽

10.1186/s40824-021-00205-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Moon Sung Kang ◽

Seung Jo Jeong ◽

Seok Hyun Lee ◽

Bongju Kim ◽

Suck Won Hong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Contact Angle ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Graphene Oxide ◽

Osteogenic Differentiation ◽

Reduced Graphene Oxide ◽

Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Alp Activity ◽

Reduced Graphene ◽

Graphene Derivatives

Abstract Background Titanium (Ti) has been utilized as hard tissue replacement owing to its superior mechanical and bioinert property, however, lack in tissue compatibility and biofunctionality has limited its clinical use. Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is one of the graphene derivatives that possess extraordinary biofunctionality and are known to induce osseointegration in vitro and in vivo. In this study, rGO was uniformly coated by meniscus-dragging deposition (MDD) technique to fabricate rGO-Ti substrate for orthopedic and dental implant application. Methods The physicochemical characteristics of rGO-coated Ti (rGO-Ti) substrates were evaluated by atomic force microscopy, water contact angle, and Raman spectroscopy. Furthermore, human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were cultured on the rGO-Ti substrate, and then their cellular behaviors such as growth and osteogenic differentiation were determined by a cell counting kit-8 assay, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay, and alizarin red S staining. Results rGO was coated uniformly on Ti substrates by MDD process, which allowed a decrease in the surface roughness and contact angle of Ti substrates. While rGO-Ti substrates significantly increased cell proliferation after 7 days of incubation, they significantly promoted ALP activity and matrix mineralization, which are early and late differentiation markers, respectively. Conclusion It is suggested that rGO-Ti substrates can be effectively utilized as dental and orthopedic bone substitutes since these graphene derivatives have potent effects on stimulating the osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs and showed superior bioactivity and osteogenic potential.

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Enhanced growth and osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells on Ti6Al4V alloys modified with reduced graphene oxide

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/c6ra25832h ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (24) ◽

pp. 14430-14437 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Xiaojing Li ◽

Kaili Lin ◽

Zuolin Wang

Keyword(s):

Graphene Oxide ◽

Osteogenic Differentiation ◽

Reduced Graphene Oxide ◽

Tissue Regeneration ◽

Reduced Graphene

Graphene and its derivatives, including graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), have been considered as promising candidates in tissue regeneration.

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The influence of reduced graphene oxide on stem cells: a perspective in peripheral nerve regeneration

Regenerative Biomaterials ◽

10.1093/rb/rbab032 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Xiangyun Yao ◽

Zhiwen Yan ◽

Xu Wang ◽

Huiquan Jiang ◽

Yun Qian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Stem Cells ◽

Graphene Oxide ◽

Peripheral Nerve ◽

Nerve Regeneration ◽

Reduced Graphene Oxide ◽

Peripheral Nerve Regeneration ◽

Embryonic Stem ◽

Composite Scaffolds ◽

Reduced Graphene

Abstract Graphene and its derivatives are fascinating materials for their extraordinary electrochemical and mechanical properties. In recent decades, many researchers explored their applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) possesses remarkable structural and functional resemblance to graphene, although some residual oxygen-containing groups and defects exist in the structure. Such structure holds great potential since the remnant-oxygenated groups can further be functionalized or modified. Moreover, oxygen-containing groups can improve the dispersion of rGO in organic or aqueous media. Therefore, it is preferable to utilize rGO in the production of composite materials. The rGO composite scaffolds provide favorable extracellular microenvironment and affect the cellular behavior of cultured cells in the peripheral nerve regeneration. On the one hand, rGO impacts on Schwann cells and neurons which are major components of peripheral nerves. On the other hand, rGO-incorporated composite scaffolds promote the neurogenic differentiation of several stem cells, including embryonic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, adipose-derived stem cells and neural stem cells. This review will briefly introduce the production and major properties of rGO, and its potential in modulating the cellular behaviors of specific stem cells. Finally, we present its emerging roles in the production of composite scaffolds for nerve tissue engineering.

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Reduced graphene oxide facilitates biocompatibility of alginate for cardiac repair

Journal of Bioactive and Compatible Polymers ◽

10.1177/0883911520933913 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (4-5) ◽

pp. 363-377

Author(s):

Negar Karimi Hajishoreh ◽

Nafiseh Baheiraei ◽

Nasim Naderi ◽

Mojdeh Salehnia

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Bone Marrow ◽

Tissue Culture ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Graphene Oxide ◽

Physicochemical Properties ◽

Reduced Graphene Oxide ◽

Cardiac Repair ◽

Reduced Graphene ◽

Tissue Culture Plate

The benefits of combined cell/material therapy appear promising for myocardial infarction treatment. The safety of alginate, along with its excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability, has been extensively investigated for cardiac tissue engineering. Among graphene-based nanomaterials, reduced graphene oxide has been considered as a promising candidate for cardiac treatment due to its unique physicochemical properties. In this study, the reduced graphene oxide incorporation effect within alginate hydrogels was investigated for cardiac repair application. Reduced graphene oxide reinforced alginate properties, resulting in an increase in gel stiffness. The cytocompatibility of the hydrogels prepared with human bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells was assessed by the 3-(4,5dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide) assay. Following reduced graphene oxide addition, alginate-reduced graphene oxide retained significantly higher cell viability compared to that of alginate and cells cultured on tissue culture plates. Acridine orange/propidium iodide staining was also used to identify both viable and necrotic human bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells within the prepared hydrogels. After a 72-h culture, the percentage of viable cells was twice as much as those cultured on either alginate or tissue culture plate, reaching approximately 80%. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis was performed to assess gene expression of neonatal rat cardiac cells encapsulated on hydrogels for TrpT-2, Conx43, and Actn4 after 7 days. The expression of all genes in alginate-reduced graphene oxide increased significantly compared to that in alginate or tissue culture plate. The results obtained confirmed that the presence of reduced graphene oxide, as an electro-active moiety within alginate, could tune the physicochemical properties of this material, providing a desirable electroactive hydrogel for stem cell therapy in patients with ischemic heart disease.

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Pulsed-Electromagnetic-Field-Assisted Reduced Graphene Oxide Substrates for Multidifferentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Advanced Healthcare Materials ◽

10.1002/adhm.201600429 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (16) ◽

pp. 2069-2079 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Ki-Taek Lim ◽

Hoon Seonwoo ◽

Kyung Soon Choi ◽

Hexiu Jin ◽

Kyung-Je Jang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Electromagnetic Field ◽

Graphene Oxide ◽

Reduced Graphene Oxide ◽

Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Pulsed Electromagnetic Field ◽

Reduced Graphene ◽

Oxide Substrates ◽

Pulsed Electromagnetic

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Green Fabrication of Co3O4 Nanoparticle-Decorated Reduced Graphene Oxide Sheets: Evaluation of Biocompatibility on Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Biomedical Applications

Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials ◽

10.1007/s10904-017-0562-4 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 1110-1116 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jegan Athinarayanan ◽

Vaiyapuri Subbarayan Periasamy ◽

Khalid A. Alatiah ◽

Mohammed Asif Ahmed ◽

Ali A. Alshatwi

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Graphene Oxide ◽

Reduced Graphene Oxide ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Reduced Graphene ◽

Graphene Oxide Sheets

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Gelatin reduced Graphene Oxide Nanosheets as Kartogenin Nanocarrier Induces Rat ADSCs Chondrogenic Differentiation Combining with Autophagy Modification

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14051053 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (5) ◽

pp. 1053

Author(s):

Delong Jiao ◽

Jing Wang ◽

Wenting Yu ◽

Ning Zhang ◽

Ke Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Graphene Oxide ◽

Reduced Graphene Oxide ◽

Chondrogenic Differentiation ◽

Drug Loading ◽

Pcr Analysis ◽

Promoting Effect ◽

Reduced Graphene

Biocompatible reduced graphene oxide (rGO) could deliver drugs for synergistically stimulating stem cells directed differentiation with influences on specific cellular activities. Here, we prepared a biodegradable gelatin reduced graphene oxide (rGO@Ge) to evaluate its functions in promoting rat adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) chondrogenic differentiation through delivering kartogenin (KGN) into the stem cell efficiently. The optimum KGN concentration (approximately 1 μM) that promoted the proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation of ADSCs was clarified by a series of experiments, including immunofluorescent (IF) staining (Sox-9, Col II), alcian blue (Ab) staining, toluidine blue (Tb) staining and real-time quantitative PCR analysis of the chondrogenic markers. Meanwhile, the biocompatibility of rGO@Ge was evaluated to clearly define the nonhazardous concentration range, and the drug loading and releasing properties of rGO@Ge were tested with KGN for its further application in inducing ADSCs chondrogenic differentiation. Furthermore, the mechanism of rGO@Ge entering ADSCs was investigated by the different inhibitors that are involved in the endocytosis of the nanocarrier, and the degradation of the rGO@Ge in ADSCs was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The synergistic promoting effect of rGO@Ge nanocarrier on ADSCs chondrogenesis with KGN was also studied by the IF, Ab, Tb stainings and PCR analysis of the chondrogenic markers. Finally, the intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and autophagy induced by KGN/rGO@Ge complex composites were tested in details for clarification on the correlation between the autophagy and chondrogenesis in ADSCs induced by rGO@Ge. All the results show that rGO@Ge as a biocompatible nanocarrier can deliver KGN into ADSCs for exerting a pro-chondrogenic effect and assist the drug to promote ADSCs chondrogenesis synergistically through modification of the autophagy in vitro, which promised its further application in repairing cartilage defect in vivo.

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