Correlation of almond yield with applied water and remotely sensed canopy temperature in the San Joaquin Valley of California

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blake L McCullough-Sanden ◽  
James McBride ◽  
Daniel Urban ◽  
Robert Heilmayr ◽  
Nina Kilham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Remotely Sensed ◽  
San Joaquin Valley ◽  
Applied Water

scholarly journals Isoprene emissions track the seasonal cycle of canopy temperature, not primary production: evidence from remote sensing

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 3437-3451 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. N. Foster ◽  
I. C. Prentice ◽  
C. Morfopoulos ◽  
M. Siddall ◽  
M. van Weele
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Seasonal Cycle ◽  
Gross Primary Production ◽  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Remotely Sensed ◽  
Formaldehyde Concentration ◽  
Isoprene Emission ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Better Than

Abstract. Isoprene is important in atmospheric chemistry, but its seasonal emission pattern – especially in the tropics, where most isoprene is emitted – is incompletely understood. We set out to discover generalized relationships applicable across many biomes between large-scale isoprene emission and a series of potential predictor variables, including both observed and model-estimated variables related to gross primary production (GPP) and canopy temperature. We used remotely sensed atmospheric concentrations of formaldehyde, an intermediate oxidation product of isoprene, as a proxy for isoprene emission in 22 regions selected to span high to low latitudes, to sample major biomes, and to minimize interference from pyrogenic sources of volatile organic compounds that could interfere with the isoprene signal. Formaldehyde concentrations showed the highest average seasonal correlations with remotely sensed (r = 0.85) and model-estimated (r = 0.80) canopy temperatures. Both variables predicted formaldehyde concentrations better than air temperature (r= 0.56) and a "reference" isoprene model that combines GPP and an exponential function of temperature (r = 0.49), and far better than either remotely sensed green vegetation cover, fPAR (r = 0.25) or model-estimated GPP (r = 0.14). Gross primary production in tropical regions was anti-correlated with formaldehyde concentration (r = −0.30), which peaks during the dry season. Our results were most reliable in the tropics, where formaldehyde observational errors were the least. The tropics are of particular interest because they are the greatest source of isoprene emission as well as the region where previous modelling attempts have been least successful. We conjecture that positive correlations of isoprene emission with GPP and air temperature (as found in temperate forests) may arise simply because both covary with canopy temperature, peaking during the relatively short growing season. The lack of a general correlation between GPP and formaldehyde concentration in the seasonal cycle is consistent with experimental evidence that isoprene emission rates are largely decoupled from photosynthetic rates, and with the likely adaptive significance of isoprene emission in protecting leaves against heat damage and oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Isoprene emissions track the seasonal cycle of canopy temperature, not primary production: evidence from remote sensing

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 19571-19601
Author(s):  
P. N. Foster ◽  
I. C. Prentice ◽  
C. Morfopoulos ◽  
M. Siddall ◽  
M. van Weele
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Gross Primary Production ◽  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Remotely Sensed ◽  
Formaldehyde Concentration ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Isoprene Emission ◽  
Better Than

Abstract. Isoprene is important in atmospheric chemistry, but its seasonal emission pattern – especially in the tropics, where most isoprene is emitted – is incompletely understood. We set out to discover general, biome-independent relationships between large-scale isoprene emission and a series of potential predictor variables, including both observed and model-estimated variables related to gross primary production (GPP) and canopy temperature. To this end we used remotely sensed atmospheric concentrations of formaldehyde, an intermediate oxidation product of isoprene, as a proxy for isoprene emission in 22 regions selected to span high to low latitudes, to sample major biomes, and to minimize interference from pyrogenic sources of volatile organic compounds that could interfere with the isoprene signal. Formaldehyde concentrations showed the highest average seasonal correlations with remotely sensed (r = 0.85) and model-estimated (r = 0.80) canopy temperatures. Both variables predicted formaldehyde concentrations better than air temperature (r = 0.56) and a "reference" isoprene model that includes both temperature and GPP (r = 0.49), and far better than either remotely sensed green vegetation cover (r = 0.25) or model-estimated GPP (r = 0.14). GPP in tropical regions was anti-correlated with formaldehyde concentration (r = –0.30), which peaks during the dry season. We conjecture that the positive correlations of isoprene emission with primary production, and with air temperature, found in temperate forest regions arise simply because all three peak during the relatively short growing season. In most tropical regions, where the seasonal cycles of GPP and canopy temperature are very different, isoprene emission is revealed to depend on canopy temperature but not at all on GPP. The lack of a general correlation between GPP and formaldehyde concentration is consistent with experimental evidence that isoprene emission is decoupled from photosynthesis, and with the likely adaptive significance of isoprene emission in protecting leaves against heat damage and oxidative stress. In contrast, the high correlation between canopy temperature and formaldehyde concentration indicates the importance of including canopy temperature explicitly in large-scale models.

Tomato yield-evapotranspiration relationships, seasonal canopy temperature and stomatal conductance as affected by irrigation

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 257-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Tan
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Crop Canopy ◽  
Applied Water ◽  
Tomato Yield ◽  
Humid Region ◽  
Different Levels

The effects of irrigation on evapotranspiration (ET), yield, crop canopy temperature and stomatal conductance of tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) were investigated in Fox sandy loam in the sub-humid region of southwestern Ontario between 1979 and 1982. Optimum yields were obtained with 300–400 mm of total applied water (rainfall plus irrigation). There appeared to be a distinct threshold seasonal ET value of 88 mm, below which yield was negligible and above which yield rose linearly with the seasonal ET rate. The values of crop canopy temperature and leaf stomatal conductance were not significantly different among different levels of irrigation. Leaf stomatal conductance was significantly lower for non-irrigated tomatoes in a dry year indicating that they were subjected to the greater degree of water stress. Key words: Lycopersicon esculentum, irrigation, water stress

Transportation and the Environment

2017 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-61
Author(s):  
Douglas R. Littlefield
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
Mississippi River ◽  
San Joaquin Valley ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Major Health ◽  
San Joaquin River ◽  
Natural Wetlands ◽  
Prevailing View

Some histories of California describe nineteenth-century efforts to reclaim the extensive swamplands and shallow lakes in the southern part of California's San Joaquin Valley – then the largest natural wetlands habitat west of the Mississippi River – as a herculean venture to tame a boggy wilderness and turn the region into an agricultural paradise. Yet an 1850s proposition for draining those marshes and lakes primarily was a scheme to improve the state's transportation. Swampland reclamation was a secondary goal. Transport around the time of statehood in 1850 was severely lacking in California. Only a handful of steamboats plied a few of the state's larger rivers, and compared to the eastern United States, roads and railroads were nearly non-existent. Few of these modes of transportation reached into the isolated San Joaquin Valley. As a result, in 1857 the California legislature granted an exclusive franchise to the Tulare Canal and Land Company (sometimes known as the Montgomery franchise, after two of the firm's founders). The company's purpose was to connect navigable canals from the southern San Joaquin Valley to the San Joaquin River, which entered from the Sierra Nevada about half way up the valley. That stream, in turn, joined with San Francisco Bay, and thus the canals would open the entire San Joaquin Valley to world-wide commerce. In exchange for building the canals, the Montgomery franchise could collect tolls for twenty years and sell half the drained swamplands (the other half was to be sold by the state). Land sales were contingent upon the Montgomery franchise reclaiming the marshes. Wetlands in the mid-nineteenth century were not viewed as they are today as fragile wildlife habitats but instead as impediments to advancing American ideals and homesteads across the continent. Moreover, marshy areas were seen as major health menaces, with the prevailing view being that swampy regions’ air carried infectious diseases.

RENDIMENTO DE CULTIVARES DE CAUPI (Vigna unguiculata L Walp.) SUBMETIDAS À DIFERENTES LÂMINAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO

Irriga ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianini Peixoto Bezerra Lima ◽  
José Vanglesio de Aguiar ◽  
Raimundo Nonato Távora Costa ◽  
Vital Pedro da Silva Paz
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Northeast Brazil ◽  
Marginal Product ◽  
Applied Water ◽  
Cowpea Cultivars ◽  
The North ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Caixa Postal ◽  
Water Depths

RENDIMENTO DE CULTIVARES DE CAUPI (Vigna unguiculata L Walp.) SUBMETIDAS À DIFERENTES LÂMINAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO1       Gianini Peixoto Bezerra Lima José Vanglesio de Aguiar Raimundo Nonato Távora Costa Universidade Federal do Ceará – Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola. Campus do Pici. Bloco 804. CEP 60455-760 – Fortaleza-CE Vital Pedro da Silva Paz Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz – Departamento de Engenharia Rural, bolsista da FAPESP. Av. Pádua Dias, 11 – Caixa Postal 11. 13418-900 – Piracicaba-SP       1 RESUMO       O caupi é um dos cultivos mais tradicionais do Norte e Nordeste do Brasil, constituindo alimento básico nestas regiões. Com este trabalho foi possível estabelecer relações entre a quantidade de água aplicada e produtividade de grãos, para três variedades de feijão caupi submetidas a diferentes lâminas de água. Para caracterização das lâminas de água foi utilizado um sistema de irrigação por aspersão convencional em linha. O controle da irrigação foi realizado a partir de tensiômetros instalados à 15 cm de profundidade. Os resultados mostraram que: i) a cultivar João Paulo II apresentou melhores resultados de produtividade para as lâminas de água aplicadas que variaram de T1 = 291,8 mm a T5 = 141,2 mm; ii) sob condições de reduzida disponibilidade de água, ou seja, menor lâmina aplicada, não ocorreu diferença estatística  para a produtividade entre as cultivares estudadas; e iii) para as condições do estudo, a cultivar Setentão apresentou a menor taxa de redução do produto marginal.       UNITERMOS: caupi, irrigação, função de produção       LIMA, G. P. B., AGUIAR, J. V., COSTA, R. N. T., PAZ, V. P. S. Responses OF cowpea cultivars (Vigna unguiculata L Walp) at differents irrigation deficits     2 ABSTRACT       The caupi is one of the most traditional cultivation of the north and northeast - Brazil, constituting a basic food in these areas. With this work it was possible to establish relationships between the amount of water applied and productivity of grains, for three caupi varieties submitted to different irrigation sheets. To diferentiate water depths in the irrigation system, the aspersion in line was used. The control of the irrigation was accomplished using tensiometers installed to 15 cm of depth. The results showed that: i) the João Paulo II variety presented better productivity for the applied water depths; ii) under reduced conditions of water avai lability for study conditions, these was no significant difference in the productivity reached among the cultivars studied; and iii) for the conditions of the study, the variety Setentão presented the smallest rate of reduction of the marginal product.       KEYWORDS: cowpea, irrigation, production function  

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