scholarly journals Seasonal and Intra-Event Nutrient Levels in Farmed Prairie Potholes of the Des Moines Lobe

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 1607-1617
Author(s):  
Alexander R. Martin ◽  
Michelle L. Soupir ◽  
Amy L. Kaleita
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Prairie Pothole ◽  
Des Moines Lobe ◽  
South Central ◽  
Des Moines ◽  
Field Management ◽  
Concentration Changes ◽  
Total P

HighlightsNitrogen, total phosphorus, and total suspended solids concentrations were higher in early season inundation.Nitrate concentrations in farmed potholes decreased with multiday ponding.Farmed potholes act as hotspots, contributing P to drainage through surface intakes.Abstract. The prairie pothole region ranges from central Iowa to the northwest into Montana and south-central Canada, totaling around 700,000 km2. This area contains millions of potholes, or enclosed topographical depressions, which often inundate with rainfall. Many are located in areas that have been converted to agricultural land through installation of artificial drainage. However, even with drainage, potholes pond or remain saturated during and after significant rain events. In this two-year study, surface water depth was collected hourly (typically from after planting through harvest) from eight farmed potholes (drained and under corn-soybean rotation) on the Des Moines Lobe in central Iowa. Nutrient data were collected daily and tested for nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) when inundation depth exceeded 10 cm. The data were analyzed in two ways. First, seasonal differences were investigated using samples from the first day of each inundation event. Surface water concentrations were higher in the early growing season than late season for total N (TN), NO3-N, NH3-N, total P (TP), and total suspended solids (TSS). Secondly, average event concentration changes were determined. Nitrate reductions occurred in 85% of multiday events, but these reductions were offset by increases in P. Total P and dissolved reactive P (DRP) had significant increases that averaged 0.51 and 0.46 mg L-1 per event, respectively, with event lengths of 2 to 19 days. This study demonstrates that inundated farmed potholes reduce NO3-N but serve as in-field hotspots, contributing elevated TP and DRP to drainage waters. When a surface intake directly connects inundated farmed potholes to drainage, new strategies, such as field management or engineered technologies, are needed to mitigate P export. This study is useful in informing policy regarding field management and conservation of farmed potholes. Keywords: Farmed wetland, Nitrogen, Nutrients, Phosphorus, Prairie pothole.

scholarly journals Inundation Patterns of Farmed Pothole Depressions with Varying Subsurface Drainage

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 1579-1590
Author(s):  
Alexander Martin ◽  
Amy L. Kaleita ◽  
Michelle L. Soupir
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Subsurface Drainage ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Prairie Pothole ◽  
Des Moines Lobe ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Surface Water Hydrology ◽  
South Central ◽  
Des Moines

HighlightsFarmed pothole depressions in the Des Moines Lobe were observed to fill due to runoff and shallow subsurface flow.Six of the eight observed potholes flooded for five or more days some time during the two years of observation.Subsurface drainage and surface inlets reduced but did not prevent yield-limiting flooding in the observed potholes. Abstract. The prairie pothole region (PPR) ranges from central Iowa to the northwest into Montana and south central Canada, totaling around 700,000 km2. This area contains millions of potholes, or enclosed topographical depressions, which often inundate with rainfall. Many are located in areas that have been converted to arable agricultural land through installation of artificial drainage. However, even with drainage, potholes will pond or have saturated soil conditions during and after significant rain events. The portion of the PPR that extends into Iowa is known as the Des Moines Lobe. In this two-year study, surface water depth data were collected hourly from eight prairie potholes in the Des Moines Lobe in central Iowa to determine the surface water hydrology. These potholes included surface and subsurface drained row crops and undrained retired land, allowing for drainage comparisons. Inundation lasted five or more days at least once at six of the eight potholes, including four potholes with surface inlets and subsurface drainage, which resulted in four of fourteen growing seasons not producing a yield in part of the pothole. Water balances of four different drainage intensities showed increased infiltration due to subsurface drainage and up to 78% of outflow due to surface inlet drainage. Overall, drainage decreased the number of average inundation days, but heavy precipitation events still caused lengthy inundation periods that resulted in crop loss. Keywords: Farmed wetlands, Prairie pothole, Tile drainage, Water balance.

scholarly journals Impact of a high rainfall event on the water level, current velocity, and total suspended solids in tidal flats environments of the estuarine Cruces River wetland, south-central Chile

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 188-192
Author(s):  
Mario Manzano ◽  
Eduardo Jaramillo ◽  
Mario Pino
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Environmental Variability ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Tidal Flats ◽  
Rainfall Event ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
South Central ◽  
Coseismic Subsidence

The effects of a sudden rainfall (40 mm d-1) event on the surface waters covering muddy tidal flats were studied during April 2016 at the estuarine Cruces River wetland in south-central Chile (~40ºS). The study area included flooded vestigial tree trunks, which is evidence of coseismic subsidence associated with the 1960 Valdivia earthquake as a source of environmental variability. The tidal flat with vestigial tree trunks registered the fastest and highest depth of inundation. In contrast, the tidal currents velocity and total suspended solids' concentrations were higher at the flat without trunks. Sudden rainfall events can significantly modify the characteristics of surface waters above sedimentary intertidal surfaces, where structures such as flooded trunks are present.

Comparison of runoff quantity and quality under annual cropping and forages

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Miller ◽  
T. Curtis ◽  
D. S. Chanasyk
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Total N ◽  
Winter Triticale ◽  
Total P

Conversion from annual cropping to perennial forages may be a beneficial management practice (BMP) to reduce runoff quantity and improve surface water quality. Runoff variables were determined in two 30 ha producer's fields over 4 years (2004–2007) using a rainfall simulator. Field 1 was cropped to barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in 2004 and then an alfalfa (Medicago sp.) and grass mix used for hay and fall grazing was grown from 2005 to 2007. Field 2 was cropped to barley-winter triticale (WT) (Triticosecale Rimpavi Wittm.) in 2005 and alfalfa-grass for hay was grown in 2006 and 2007. Runoff variables measured were runoff depth, electrical conductivity, and concentrations and loads of total suspended solids, total N, total P, and dissolved reactive P fractions. Conversion from barley to alfalfa-grass for hay and fall grazing in Field 1 resulted in reductions for only 13% of the 10 runoff variables, 33% of runoff variables were unaffected, and 53% of variables were significantly increased. Conversion from barley-WT to alfalfa-grass used for hay in Field 2 significantly reduced 25% of the 10 variables, 40% were unaffected, and 35% were significantly increased. Converting from annual cropping to forage did not improve the majority of runoff variables.

Monsoon and Post-monsoon Evaluation of Water Quality of Phewa Lake in Pokhara, Midwestern, Nepal

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kriti Acharya ◽  
Krishna Raj Tiwari ◽  
Subodh Sharma ◽  
Chiranjibi Prasad Upadhyaya ◽  
Yajna Prasad Timilsina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Electric Conductivity ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Middle Point ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Significant Difference

The study explored the lake as mesotrophic. Inflow streams to Phewa lake, lake itself and its outflow stream were sampled in monsoon and post-monsoon. Nine different sampling sites were chosen and physico-chemical parameters like pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, electric conductivity were recorded at the spot and rest of the parameters (total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total suspended solids) were analyzed in the laboratory. The observed concentrations were compared with Standard of Surface water quality for sustaining aquatic life. There was no significant difference in DO level, pH, TSS whereas EC, TN and water temperature showed significant difference with respective seasons. The electric conductivity of Phirke khola (inflow stream to lake) was found high that means it was putting nutrient load to the lake. The total suspended solids were much higher (176 mg/l) at Harpan khola (inflow stream) in monsoon and maximum at the middle point of lake (11 mg/l) in post-monsoon. This showed that the TSS carried by Harpan khola are maximally deposited at middle point of lake and shortening the life of the lake. The study finally recommends controlling the discharge of pollution load and periodic surface water quality monitoring and vertical (depth wise) monitoring is necessary. Keywords - Aquatic Ecology, Wetlands, Point sources, mesotrophic, quality indicators, suspended solids, nutrient input, Phewa Lake, Pokhara, Nepal

Establishing an empirical equation for the relationship between total suspended solids and total phosphorus concentrations in the downstream Red river water

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-332
Author(s):  
Le Nhu Da ◽  
Le Thi Phuong Quynh ◽  
Phung Thi Xuan Binh ◽  
Duong Thi Thuy ◽  
Trinh Hoai Thu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Empirical Relationship ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
River System ◽  
Red River ◽  
Reservoir Impoundment ◽  
Downstream Section ◽  
Reasonable Prediction

Recently, the Asian rivers have faced the strong reduction of riverine total suspended solids (TSS) flux due to numerous dam/reservoir impoundment. The Red river system is a typical example of the Southeast Asian rivers that has been strongly impacted by reservoir impoundment in both China and Vietnam, especially in the recent period. It is known that the reduction in total suspended solids may lead to the decrease of some associated elements, including nutrients (N, P, Si) which may affect coastal ecosystems. In this paper, we establish the empirical relationship between total suspended solids and total phosphorus concentrations in water environment of the Red river in its downstream section from Hanoi city to the Ba Lat estuary based on the sampling campaigns conducted in the dry and wet seasons in 2017, 2018 and 2019. The results show a clear relationship with significant coefficient between total suspended solids and total phosphorus in the downstream Red river. It is expressed by a simple equation y = 0.0226x0.3867 where x and y stand for total suspended solids and total phosphorus concentrations (mg/l) respectively with the r2 value of 0.757. This equation enables a reasonable prediction of total phosphorus concentrations of the downstream Red river when the observed data of total suspended solids concentrations are available. Thus, this work opens up the way for further studies on the calculation of the total phosphorus over longer timescales using daily available total suspended solids values.

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