Water Requirements of Drip-Irrigated Maize (Zea mays L.) with Plastic Mulching in Heilongjiang, Northeast China

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 1697-1704
Author(s):  
Songjun Han ◽  
Di Xu ◽  
Yingduo Yu ◽  
Jiandong Wang ◽  
Yanqun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Crop Coefficient ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Water Requirement ◽  
Irrigation Requirement ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Plastic Mulching

Abstract. A large area of rainfed maize ( L.) is planned to be replaced by maize under drip irrigation with plastic mulching (MDI) in Heilongjiang, northeast China, through a “water-saving and grain-increasing action” project. However, knowledge is lacking on the water requirements of maize under MDI. On the basis of a locally developed crop coefficient for a site, the spatial and temporal variations in crop water requirement (ETc) and net irrigation requirement (Nir) of maize under MDI in Heilongjiang were evaluated. The average ETc and Nir of maize under MDI in the period from 1960 to 2017 for 29 meteorological stations were 279 to 388 mm and 73 to 198 mm, respectively, which are approximately 10% and 15% lower than the ETc and Nir under conventional surface irrigation (NSI). The differences in ETc and Nir between the two irrigation technologies are significant in the southwestern region, which demonstrates that the intensive planning of MDI in the southwest is justified. The gross irrigation requirement of maize under MDI in an excessive drought year is estimated as 437 million m3 for the project, which is 137 million m3 less than the irrigation requirement using NSI.HighlightsAverage ETc and Nir of maize under MDI are approximately 10% and 15% lower than those under NSI.The differences in ETc and Nir are significant in the southwestern region of Heilongjiang.The estimated gross irrigation requirement of maize under MDI is much less than that under NSI. Keywords: Crop coefficient, Drip irrigation, Maize, Northeastern China, Plastic mulch, Water requirement.

Water Consumption Patterns and Crop Coefficient Models for Drip-Irrigated Maize (Zea mays L.) with Plastic Mulching in Northeastern China

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 571-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuanjuan Wang ◽  
Jiandong Wang ◽  
Di Xu ◽  
Yanqun Zhang ◽  
Shihong Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Crop Coefficient ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Northeastern China ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Plastic Mulching ◽  
Mulched Drip Irrigation

Abstract. Our investigations into the water consumption patterns of maize ( L.) grown using surface drip irrigation with and without plastic mulching were based on three consecutive years (2014-2016) of field experiments in a typical area of northeastern China. We evaluated seasonal crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and how it was partitioned into soil evaporation (Es) and plant transpiration (Tp) during the season. Development of crop coefficient (Kc) prediction models was based on the growth day (GD) and leaf area index (LAI) of the crop, as well as the growing degree-days of air (GDDair) and soil (GDDsoil). Results showed that plastic mulching significantly reduced Es by 41.6 to 53.5 mm (p < 0.05) compared to not mulching, while it increased Tp by 23.2 to 40.4 mm (p > 0.05) for spring-planted maize. While plastic mulching normally reduced ETc during the crop growth period, the change was not significant (p > 0.05). The three-year mean Kc for the maize growth period declined by 3.0% under plastic mulching. The mean Kc was lower for the plastic mulching treatment than for the non-mulching treatment in both the early and late season, while it was slightly higher at mid-season. The three-year means of mid-season Kc (Kc-mid) under plastic mulching and non-mulching were 1.06 and 1.05 lower, respectively, than the FAO-56 recommended value. In addition, the Kc estimation model based on GDDsoil achieved the best fitting accuracy. We recommend applying this GDDsoil model to mulched drip irrigation of maize in northeastern China to obtain more accurate Kc estimation for optimizing and developing mulched drip irrigation in this region. Keywords: Crop coefficient, Drip irrigation, Maize, Northeastern China, Plastic mulch.

Effect of Irrigation Methods and Mulching on Growth and Seed Yield of Semialata

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
SK SRIVASTAVA ◽  
PAWAN JEET
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Water Requirement ◽  
Furrow Irrigation ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Daily Water ◽  
Black Plastic

A study was conducted to assess the effect of drip irrigation and plastic mulch on growth and seed yield of Semialata. Two types of plastic mulch (green and silver/black) were tested at three levels of irrigation (120%, 100% and 80%) by drip irrigation and one level (100%) by furrow irrigation. The daily water requirement of Semialata was estimated by the equation ETcrop= ETox crop factor. ETcrop is crop water requirement mm/day. ETo (reference evapotranspiration, mm/day) was calculated by FAO calculator which uses temperature and humidity data. In this experiments there were twelve treatments were considered. The treatments were replicated thrice. The experiment was laid in randomized block design. It was observed that drip irrigation with or without plastic mulch is yielding better results in terms of growth parameters and seed yield as compared to furrow irrigation without plastic mulch. It was also observed that maximum suppression (67.58%) of weeds resulted with drip irrigation and silver/black plastic mulch at 80% level of irrigation.

Post-harvest evaluation of nitrogen fertigated sweet peppers under drip irrigation and plastic mulch

1969 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-114
Author(s):  
Megh R. Goyal ◽  
Rubén Guadalupe-Luna ◽  
Evangelina R. De Hernández ◽  
Carmela Chao de Báez
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Size Class ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Average Width ◽  
Size Classes ◽  
Plastic Mulching ◽  
Parameter Values

Sweet peppers (var. Cubanelle) graded for width, length and weight were evaluated after three fertigation treatments (T1 = 150, T2 = 300 and T3 = 500 Kg of N/ha), 500 Kg of N/ha side-dressed (T4), no fertilizer (T5), plastic mulching (P) and no mulching (NP). Nitrogen source was urea. The relationships of average width and average weight versus days after transplanting were sigmoidal. A linear relationship was found between average length versus days after transplanting. More than 50% of peppers were within size classes 1 to 4 ; fewer than 40% were in the size classes 5 to 9. During the growing cycle, mean numbers of peppers and weight per pepper in each size class were not statistically different (P = 0.05) among main treatments (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5). In size classes 1 to 9, there were significantly more peppers (P = 0.05) in P plots than in NP plots. Fruit parameter values decreased with successive picking and were significantly lower (P = 0.05) in the 5th picking and were higher in the P plots than in the NP plots (P = 0.05). Fertilization and fertigation resulted in higher values than non-fertilization.

scholarly journals Simplified Water Requirement Calculators for Fruits and Vegetables

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 530-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brent Rowell ◽  
Mar Lar Soe
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Crop Coefficient ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Rotating Disc ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Water Wheel ◽  
Crop Coefficients

New users of drip irrigation in Myanmar had no idea how much water to apply to their crops with drip and could not afford tensiometers or other soil moisture monitoring tools. The concept of a simple paper calculator was born out of their need for an easy-to-use yet inexpensive tool to estimate horticultural crop water requirements. We used a generalized crop coefficient and growth stage approach together with average evapotranspiration (ET) for the vegetable crops “Water Wheel” calculator and a canopy cover approach for the tree fruit calculator. Differences among published crop coefficients are relatively small for a large number of vegetables and single coefficients were used for groups of crops without putting farmers’ crops at risk. Vegetable crops were divided into two groups based on whether water requirements during harvest remained the same as for the flowering and fruiting stage or were reduced for the harvest period. A simplified canopy cover approach was used to determine water requirements for perennial fruit, tree, and vine crops. Our faith in the ability of farmers to make their own adjustments gave us confidence to simplify ET-based water requirements and make them available in the form of simple rotating disc calculators printed in color on laminated card stock. The calculators were welcomed by our staff and enabled them to provide reasonably reliable recommendations for new users of drip irrigation. When surveyed, field staff responded that 74% of farmers they advised followed Water Wheel recommendations. Rough estimates of fruit and vegetable water requirements reached a large number of new drip users in a form they could easily understand, thereby lowering adoption barriers for an unfamiliar technology. This paper describes the Water Wheel concept and design so nonspecialists might develop their own calculators using local climatic data.

scholarly journals 254 Study of Regular and High Applications of Water with Drip Irrigation in Small `Manzanillo' Olives

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 486A-486
Author(s):  
Adán Fimbres Fontes ◽  
Raúl Leonel Grijalva Contreras ◽  
Manuel de Jesus Valenzuela Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Crop Coefficient ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Pan Evaporation ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Optimum Water

The area of olives in the region of Caborca has been increasing in the last years to 4500 ha. Olives in other regions do not need the application of water, at Caborca evaporation is greater than rainfall. Because of that situation, an experiment was conducted in 1998 to determine the optimum water requirements and the crop coefficient for `Manzanillo' olives (2 years of planted) under drip irrigation and microsprinkler in a sandy loam soil. The results indicated no difference between treatments (50%, 75%, and 100% of ET estimated in a pan evaporation). The water applied to each treatment was 13.32, 19.98, and 26.64 cm.

scholarly journals Reduction of predictive uncertainty in estimating irrigation water requirement through multi-model ensembles and ensemble averaging

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1233-1244 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Multsch ◽  
J.-F. Exbrayat ◽  
M. Kirby ◽  
N. R. Viney ◽  
H.-G. Frede ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Model Uncertainty ◽  
Parametric Uncertainty ◽  
Crop Coefficient ◽  
Water Requirement ◽  
Irrigation Water Requirement ◽  
Ensemble Averaging ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Crop Coefficients ◽  
Model Parametric Uncertainty

Abstract. Irrigation agriculture plays an increasingly important role in food supply. Many evapotranspiration models are used today to estimate the water demand for irrigation. They consider different stages of crop growth by empirical crop coefficients to adapt evapotranspiration throughout the vegetation period. We investigate the importance of the model structural versus model parametric uncertainty for irrigation simulations by considering six evapotranspiration models and five crop coefficient sets to estimate irrigation water requirements for growing wheat in the Murray–Darling Basin, Australia. The study is carried out using the spatial decision support system SPARE:WATER. We find that structural model uncertainty among reference ET is far more important than model parametric uncertainty introduced by crop coefficients. These crop coefficients are used to estimate irrigation water requirement following the single crop coefficient approach. Using the reliability ensemble averaging (REA) technique, we are able to reduce the overall predictive model uncertainty by more than 10%. The exceedance probability curve of irrigation water requirements shows that a certain threshold, e.g. an irrigation water limit due to water right of 400 mm, would be less frequently exceeded in case of the REA ensemble average (45%) in comparison to the equally weighted ensemble average (66%). We conclude that multi-model ensemble predictions and sophisticated model averaging techniques are helpful in predicting irrigation demand and provide relevant information for decision making.

scholarly journals Towards to understanding the preliminary loss and absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus under different treatments in cotton drip- irrigation in northwest Xinjiang

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0249730
Author(s):  
Honghong Ma ◽  
Shenghai Pu ◽  
Pan Li ◽  
Xinxiang Niu ◽  
Xianglin Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Nitrogen Loss ◽  
Irrigation Treatment ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Cotton Field ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Total N ◽  
Plastic Mulching

Drip irrigation under plastic mulch is widely used in Xinjiang, Northwest China. It can not only save water, but also reduce nutrient loss and improve fertilizer utilization. However, it is not clear whether the leaching occurs or not, what is the leaching amount? What is the relationship among fertilization, irrigation regimes, loss, cotton absorption, and cotton field under different fertilization and irrigation management under drip irrigation? Studying these issues not only provides reference for the formulation of fertilization and irrigation systems, but also is of great significance for reducing non-point source pollution. A long-term positioning experiment was conducted from 2009 to 2012 in Baotou Lake farm in Korla City, Xinjiang, with drip-irrigated cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) under different N fertilizer and irrigation amounts. The treatments were designed comprising Control (CK,0 N, 0 P, and 0 K with an irrigation of 480 mm) and the following three other treatments: (1) Conventional fertilize and irrigation (CON, 357 kg N hm–2, 90 kg P hm–2, 0 kg K hm–2, and irrigation of 480 mm); (2) Conventional fertilization and Optimizing irrigation (OPT, 357 kg N hm–2, 90 kg P hm–2, 62 kg K hm–2, and irrigation of 420 mm); and (3) Optimizing fertilization and irrigation (OPTN, 240 kg N hm–2, 65 kg P hm–2, 62 kg K hm–2, and irrigation of 420 mm). The results found that the leaching would occur in arid area under drip irrigation. The loss of total N, NH4+, P, N and P loss coefficient was higher under conventional fertilize and irrigation treatment while the loss of NO3- was higher under conventional fertilization and optimizing irrigation treatment. The correlations among N, P absorption by cotton, loss of NH4+ and total phosphorus were quadratic function. The total nitrogen loss and cumulative nitrogen application was lineally correlated. The loss of NO3- and cumulative nitrogen application was exponential. The nitrogen and phosphorus absorption by cotton under conventional fertilization and optimizing irrigation treatment was 24.53% and 35.86% higher than that in conventional fertilize and irrigation treatment, respectively. The cotton yield under conventional fertilization and optimizing irrigation treatment obtained higher than that in other three treatments. Therefore, the conventional fertilization and optimizing irrigation treatment was the optimal management of water and fertilizer in our study. These results demonstrate that reasonable water, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilize could not only effectively promote the absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus, but also reduce nitrogen and phosphorus losses under drip fertigation and plastic mulching.

scholarly journals Summer Drip Irrigation Requirements for Cucumber

1969 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 328-334
Author(s):  
Megh R. Goyal ◽  
William F. Allison
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Water Requirement ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Crop Performance ◽  
Irrigation Requirements

Cucumbers (Variety Poinsett 76) were drip irrigated during March, 1980 at Fortuna Substation to evaluate the water requirement and effect of silver coated plastic mulch on crop performance. The moist treatment gave significant increases in crop yield at the 5% level compared with wet and dry treatments. The use of plastic mulch further increased production by 4.6 tons per hectare.

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