Post-harvest evaluation of nitrogen fertigated sweet peppers under drip irrigation and plastic mulch

1969 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-114
Author(s):  
Megh R. Goyal ◽  
Rubén Guadalupe-Luna ◽  
Evangelina R. De Hernández ◽  
Carmela Chao de Báez
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Size Class ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Average Width ◽  
Size Classes ◽  
Plastic Mulching ◽  
Parameter Values

Sweet peppers (var. Cubanelle) graded for width, length and weight were evaluated after three fertigation treatments (T1 = 150, T2 = 300 and T3 = 500 Kg of N/ha), 500 Kg of N/ha side-dressed (T4), no fertilizer (T5), plastic mulching (P) and no mulching (NP). Nitrogen source was urea. The relationships of average width and average weight versus days after transplanting were sigmoidal. A linear relationship was found between average length versus days after transplanting. More than 50% of peppers were within size classes 1 to 4 ; fewer than 40% were in the size classes 5 to 9. During the growing cycle, mean numbers of peppers and weight per pepper in each size class were not statistically different (P = 0.05) among main treatments (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5). In size classes 1 to 9, there were significantly more peppers (P = 0.05) in P plots than in NP plots. Fruit parameter values decreased with successive picking and were significantly lower (P = 0.05) in the 5th picking and were higher in the P plots than in the NP plots (P = 0.05). Fertilization and fertigation resulted in higher values than non-fertilization.

Water Consumption Patterns and Crop Coefficient Models for Drip-Irrigated Maize (Zea mays L.) with Plastic Mulching in Northeastern China

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 571-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuanjuan Wang ◽  
Jiandong Wang ◽  
Di Xu ◽  
Yanqun Zhang ◽  
Shihong Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Crop Coefficient ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Northeastern China ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Plastic Mulching ◽  
Mulched Drip Irrigation

Abstract. Our investigations into the water consumption patterns of maize ( L.) grown using surface drip irrigation with and without plastic mulching were based on three consecutive years (2014-2016) of field experiments in a typical area of northeastern China. We evaluated seasonal crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and how it was partitioned into soil evaporation (Es) and plant transpiration (Tp) during the season. Development of crop coefficient (Kc) prediction models was based on the growth day (GD) and leaf area index (LAI) of the crop, as well as the growing degree-days of air (GDDair) and soil (GDDsoil). Results showed that plastic mulching significantly reduced Es by 41.6 to 53.5 mm (p < 0.05) compared to not mulching, while it increased Tp by 23.2 to 40.4 mm (p > 0.05) for spring-planted maize. While plastic mulching normally reduced ETc during the crop growth period, the change was not significant (p > 0.05). The three-year mean Kc for the maize growth period declined by 3.0% under plastic mulching. The mean Kc was lower for the plastic mulching treatment than for the non-mulching treatment in both the early and late season, while it was slightly higher at mid-season. The three-year means of mid-season Kc (Kc-mid) under plastic mulching and non-mulching were 1.06 and 1.05 lower, respectively, than the FAO-56 recommended value. In addition, the Kc estimation model based on GDDsoil achieved the best fitting accuracy. We recommend applying this GDDsoil model to mulched drip irrigation of maize in northeastern China to obtain more accurate Kc estimation for optimizing and developing mulched drip irrigation in this region. Keywords: Crop coefficient, Drip irrigation, Maize, Northeastern China, Plastic mulch.

Dynamics of natural infections of Rhabdias cf. hylae (Nematoda) in Bufo marinus (Amphibia) in Australia

Parasitology ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 117 (5) ◽  
pp. 505-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. BARTON
Keyword(s):  
Average Length ◽  
Size Class ◽  
Bufo Marinus ◽  
Seasonal Rainfall ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Initial Infection ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
Size Classes ◽  
Subsequent Effect

Infrapopulation dynamics of the nematode Rhabdias cf. hylae within naturally-infected Bufo marinus in north Queensland, Australia, were detailed. Over 80% of 580 toads were infected with Rh. cf. hylae with a mean intensity of 16·1. Distribution of Rh. cf. hylae within the toad population was aggregated, with an increase in the variance-to-mean ratio with increasing toad size. Intensity of infection and length of nematode were both correlated with length of toad in the smaller size classes. Length of nematode was not related to intensity of infection at any time. Mean intensity of infection rose significantly in small toads following initial infection after metamorphosis. Over the same period, average length of nematode did not increase implying constant re-infection of the toads. Larger toads were not reinfected to the same extent, and the number of uninfected toads in the larger size class increased which indicated a natural loss of infections. Changes in parameters of Rh. cf. hylae infection within B. marinus were attributed to seasonal rainfall and its subsequent effect on the behaviour of the toad.

scholarly journals Towards to understanding the preliminary loss and absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus under different treatments in cotton drip- irrigation in northwest Xinjiang

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0249730
Author(s):  
Honghong Ma ◽  
Shenghai Pu ◽  
Pan Li ◽  
Xinxiang Niu ◽  
Xianglin Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Nitrogen Loss ◽  
Irrigation Treatment ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Cotton Field ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Total N ◽  
Plastic Mulching

Drip irrigation under plastic mulch is widely used in Xinjiang, Northwest China. It can not only save water, but also reduce nutrient loss and improve fertilizer utilization. However, it is not clear whether the leaching occurs or not, what is the leaching amount? What is the relationship among fertilization, irrigation regimes, loss, cotton absorption, and cotton field under different fertilization and irrigation management under drip irrigation? Studying these issues not only provides reference for the formulation of fertilization and irrigation systems, but also is of great significance for reducing non-point source pollution. A long-term positioning experiment was conducted from 2009 to 2012 in Baotou Lake farm in Korla City, Xinjiang, with drip-irrigated cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) under different N fertilizer and irrigation amounts. The treatments were designed comprising Control (CK,0 N, 0 P, and 0 K with an irrigation of 480 mm) and the following three other treatments: (1) Conventional fertilize and irrigation (CON, 357 kg N hm–2, 90 kg P hm–2, 0 kg K hm–2, and irrigation of 480 mm); (2) Conventional fertilization and Optimizing irrigation (OPT, 357 kg N hm–2, 90 kg P hm–2, 62 kg K hm–2, and irrigation of 420 mm); and (3) Optimizing fertilization and irrigation (OPTN, 240 kg N hm–2, 65 kg P hm–2, 62 kg K hm–2, and irrigation of 420 mm). The results found that the leaching would occur in arid area under drip irrigation. The loss of total N, NH4+, P, N and P loss coefficient was higher under conventional fertilize and irrigation treatment while the loss of NO3- was higher under conventional fertilization and optimizing irrigation treatment. The correlations among N, P absorption by cotton, loss of NH4+ and total phosphorus were quadratic function. The total nitrogen loss and cumulative nitrogen application was lineally correlated. The loss of NO3- and cumulative nitrogen application was exponential. The nitrogen and phosphorus absorption by cotton under conventional fertilization and optimizing irrigation treatment was 24.53% and 35.86% higher than that in conventional fertilize and irrigation treatment, respectively. The cotton yield under conventional fertilization and optimizing irrigation treatment obtained higher than that in other three treatments. Therefore, the conventional fertilization and optimizing irrigation treatment was the optimal management of water and fertilizer in our study. These results demonstrate that reasonable water, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilize could not only effectively promote the absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus, but also reduce nitrogen and phosphorus losses under drip fertigation and plastic mulching.

The relationship between the density of Fasciola hepatica miracidia and the net rate of miracidial infections in Lymnaea truncatula

Parasitology ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Size Class ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Size Classes ◽  
Lymnaea Truncatula ◽  
The Relationship

SUMMARYExperimental studies on the dynamics of infection of Lymnaea truncatula by the miracidia of Fasciola hepatica show that there is a linear relationship between the net rate of attachment of miracidia to snail epithelium and the density of infective stages. The probability of a snail remaining uninfected after exposure to a single miracidium varies with the size class of the snail. Under the conditions of the experiment (temperature, 15° C; exposure period, 30 min; water volume, 8 ml), the probability was 0·46–0·48, 0·27–0·26 and 0·13–0·19 for snail size classes, 0·5–2·9, 3·0-5·9 and 6·0-8·9 mm respectively.

scholarly journals Analysis of Reproductive Traits in the Painted Stork (Mycteria leucocephala)

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 1601-1605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuzana Rečková ◽  
Radek Filipčík ◽  
Ladislav Máchal ◽  
Ivo Křivánek ◽  
Pavel Nevrkla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Average Width ◽  
Average Weight Loss ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Average Share ◽  
Observation Period

The aim of the present study was focused on analysis of reproductive traits in the painted stork (Mycteria leucocephala). The analysis of partial reproductive traits was intended to complete the knowledge necessary for ensuring reproduction of the painted stork in captivity on the required level. The observation was performed in the Zoo Zlín – Lešná from 2011 to 2014. The eggs were measured and weighed after laying and then in several‑day intervals. Other observed traits were hatchability of the eggs, number of raised young birds and their weight after hatching. During whole observation period, a total of 90 eggs of the painted stork were evaluated from 12 parental pairs. The average share of fertilized eggs was 38.9 %. Average length of eggs was 68.57 mm, average width was 46.43 mm and average weight was 79.79 g. Average weight loss of eggs during their incubation was 9.87 g. Average hatchability of all the laid eggs was 27.8 %. Average hatchability of the fertilized eggs was 71.4 %. A total of 23 young painted storks were hatched during the observation period. Their average hatching weight was 57.04 g. The overall number of 11 individuals were raised during the four years of observation.

scholarly journals Morphological characteristics and nutritional value of binthe kiki, a local maize variety from Gorontalo, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jusna Ahmad ◽  
NOVRI YOULA KANDOWANGKO ◽  
MARGARETHA SOLANG ◽  
ERWIN NADJAMUDIN
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Average Width ◽  
Maize Variety

Abstract. Ahmad J, Kandowangko NY, Solang M, Najamuddin E. 2021. Morphological characteristics and nutritional value of binthe kiki, a local maize variety from Gorontalo, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 3523-3529. Gorontalo is among the coastal areas in Tomini bay with diverse varieties of local maize. Despite that, the population of local maize has seen a steady decline over the years. A literature study reports that local maize has adapted well to the environment in which it grows. Local maize is also hailed by the community as a source of food, animal feed, and the main ingredient of traditional medicines. The present study aims to investigate the morphological characteristics and nutritional value of binthe kiki local maize variety. Employing a quantitative descriptive method, the data of morphological characteristics were collected by referring to the maize descriptor guidelines, while the data of the nutritional value of maize kernels (regarding the proximate and mineral contents) were analyzed by referring to the Indonesian National Standard and Association of Official Agricultural Chemists (AOAC) standards. The findings show that the morphological characteristics of binthe kiki variety are as follows: (i) an average plant height of 161 cm; (ii) each stalk has three cobs with an average height of 119 cm; (iii) an average stalk circumference of 6.35 cm; (iv) an average of 12 leaves per stalk; (v) 71.12 cm of an average length of leaves; (vi) 5.21 cm of an average width of leaves; (vii) the direction of the leaf blade, on average, is slightly curved; (viii) the average leaf tip is pointed; (ix) an average cob length of 8.4 cm; (x) an average cob diameter of 2.74 cm; (xi) an average cob weight (without husk) of 0.054 kg/cob; (xii) an average of 24 kernels per row; (xiii) an average weight per 1000 kernels of 145 gram. Binthe kiki variety has high contents of protein, carbohydrate, zinc, and calcium, yet it is low in fat contents compared to other varieties.

scholarly journals Effects of Water Application Rates, Plastic-Mulch, and Staking on Size Arrangements of Mature Green Tomatoes Under Drip Irrigation

1969 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-302
Author(s):  
Rubén Guadalupe-Luna ◽  
Megh R. Goyal ◽  
Magaly Cintrón ◽  
Luis E. Rivera ◽  
María del C. Prieto de López
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Size Class ◽  
Water Application ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Percentage Distribution ◽  
Application Rates

Size arrangements, percentage distribution of fresh harvested mature green tomatoes and vitamin A content were evaluated for plastic mulched-staked (PS), plastic mulched-nonstaked (PNS), non-mulched-staked (NPS), and nonmulched- nonstaked (NPNS) tomatoes under drip irrigation in wet, moist and dry treatments, respectively. Percentage distribution of number of fruits was highest in USDA fruit size class No. 6 for all treatments and subtreatments. For all treatments, the average fruit weight was highest during the second picking in the NPNS, NPS and PNS plots compared to the first picking in the PS plots. The dry treatment gave highest percentage of US grade I tomatoes in the NPNS and PS plots compared to that of the moist treatment in the NPS and the wet treatment in the PNS plots, respectively. The vitamin A content was highest in NPNS plots for wet and moist treatments, and in PS plots for dry treatment. The PS plots in the wet and moist treatments, and NPS plots in the dry treatment gave the lowest values of vitamin A content.

Water Requirements of Drip-Irrigated Maize (Zea mays L.) with Plastic Mulching in Heilongjiang, Northeast China

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 1697-1704
Author(s):  
Songjun Han ◽  
Di Xu ◽  
Yingduo Yu ◽  
Jiandong Wang ◽  
Yanqun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Crop Coefficient ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Water Requirement ◽  
Irrigation Requirement ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Plastic Mulching

Abstract. A large area of rainfed maize ( L.) is planned to be replaced by maize under drip irrigation with plastic mulching (MDI) in Heilongjiang, northeast China, through a “water-saving and grain-increasing action” project. However, knowledge is lacking on the water requirements of maize under MDI. On the basis of a locally developed crop coefficient for a site, the spatial and temporal variations in crop water requirement (ETc) and net irrigation requirement (Nir) of maize under MDI in Heilongjiang were evaluated. The average ETc and Nir of maize under MDI in the period from 1960 to 2017 for 29 meteorological stations were 279 to 388 mm and 73 to 198 mm, respectively, which are approximately 10% and 15% lower than the ETc and Nir under conventional surface irrigation (NSI). The differences in ETc and Nir between the two irrigation technologies are significant in the southwestern region, which demonstrates that the intensive planning of MDI in the southwest is justified. The gross irrigation requirement of maize under MDI in an excessive drought year is estimated as 437 million m3 for the project, which is 137 million m3 less than the irrigation requirement using NSI.HighlightsAverage ETc and Nir of maize under MDI are approximately 10% and 15% lower than those under NSI.The differences in ETc and Nir are significant in the southwestern region of Heilongjiang.The estimated gross irrigation requirement of maize under MDI is much less than that under NSI. Keywords: Crop coefficient, Drip irrigation, Maize, Northeastern China, Plastic mulch, Water requirement.

scholarly journals Nutrient uptake and growth characteristics of nitrogen fertigated sweet peppers under drip irrigation and plastic mulch

1969 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 575-584
Author(s):  
Manuel Crespo-Ruiz ◽  
Megh R. Goyal ◽  
Carmela Chao de Báez ◽  
Luis E. Rivera
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Plastic Mulching ◽  
Agricultural Experiment ◽  
Commercial Yield ◽  
And Control

In the semiarid southern coast of Puerto Rico at the Fortuna agricultural experiment substation, Juana Díaz, we conducted a study on N, P and K uptake by nitrogen fertigated sweet peppers (cv. Cubanelle) and growth parameters (fresh and dry weight of plant, fresh and dry weight of fruit). The treatments were T1 = 500, T2 = 300 and T3 = 150 kg of N per hectare in 11 applications via drip irrigation, T4 = 500 kg of N/ha banded, T5 = control, replicated four times in a complete randomized split plot design. Nitrogen source was urea. The subplots were used for plastic mulched and nonmulched plots. The relationships between N, P, K and growth parameters versus days after transplanting were determined by the equation Y = A/(B + (C-X)2, a Mitscherlich curve type. These relationships indicated 5 phases of nutrient uptake. Coefficient of determination varied from 0.55 to 0.85 for growth parameters and from 0.70 to 0.99 for nutrient uptake. Nutrient uptake values were significantly higher in the last one-third of the growing cycle. The commercial pepper yield was 46.8, 51.2, 43.1, 31.0 and 20.8 tons/ha with plastic mulching compared with 26.2, 34.6, 27.9, 25.9 and 14.8 tons/ha with no mulching in the T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 plots, respectively. Fertigation with 300 kg/ha of N produced a higher commercial yield compared with fertilization and control at P = 0.05. Plastic mulching increased pepper yield significantly over that with no mulching at P = 0.05.

Screening of F1 progeny for selection of superior hybrids in mulberry (Morus spp.) - A simple approach PART I: Screening of seedlings in relation to seed size

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 5256
Author(s):  
Daryoush Shafiei ◽  
Prof. Basavaiah*
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Size Class ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
Size Classes ◽  
Morus Spp ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Size Grading

In mulberry (Morus spp.), the process of selection of promising hybrids from F1 population requires the screening of a large number of progenies and a long period. To develop a simple and faster approach for screening, studies were conducted using F1 seeds of two crosses. The details of screening studies conducted in relation to seed-size and seedling-size are reported separately in two parts. In this part, the F1 seeds were size-graded as small, medium and large seeds; their progenies were raised separately and screened in nursery. There was a considerable degree of variation in size of seeds and medium-size class seeds were in high percentage in both the crosses. The length, width and weight of seeds were also varied between the seed size classes significantly in both the crosses. The seed size classes differ with high significance in shoot length and Root collar diameter and also differ significantly in root length and weight of seedlings. The positive correlation between the seed size and growth of seedlings, seed size and germination, seed size and seedling survival in nursery indicated that size-grading of seeds and rejection of small seeds in the beginning of screening process may help to increase the efficiency of screening by increasing the chances of getting superior hybrids from limited progenies. However, confirmation on the performance of large seedlings from small seed size class may help to draw conclusion. Hence, the studies are continued with size- grading of seedlings in the next part of screening study.

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