scholarly journals Non-3GPP Access Security in 5G

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-56
Author(s):  
Andreas Kunz ◽  
Apostolis Salkintzis
Keyword(s):  
Business Models ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
Access Point ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Core Network ◽  
Network Access ◽  
Mobile Operator ◽  
Access Security ◽  
Evolved Packet Core

Non-3GPP Access technologies such as WLAN technologies can be connected to the 3GPP core network like EPC (Evolved Packet Core) in various ways based on the operator’s business models and architectural preferences. The desire to provide this access to the 5G core network, currently defined in 3GPP, requires the design of new protocols and procedures in order to fulfill all requirements. This paper describes the current status of the specification in Release 15 of the untrusted non-3GPP access where the mobile operator does not trust the access point and tunnels all traffic to a trusted gateway in the mobile network. Further, the paper provides an outlook of the new Release 16 feature for trusted non-3GPP access, i.e. the mobile operator trusts the access point, as well as the feature for 5G core network access from WLAN devices with 3GPP credentials that do not support the Non Access Stratum protocol.

scholarly journals Seamless LTE Wi-Fi Architecture for LTE with Efficient UE Authentication

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-334
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Access Network ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
Access Point ◽  
Mobile Users ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Network Access ◽  
Metropolitan Area Network ◽  
Zone Control

Due to heavy demand of data uses and exponential increase in mobile users mobile network is suffering from heavy traffic overload in the metropolitan area network. Therefore, due to congestion as well as network overload mobile users are experiencing coverage issues such as latency, network access and very low throughput. At present network operators are actually capping data usages and throttling in speed of connection have very negative impact on satisfaction of mobile users. In such a scenario alternate solutions are expected like access point (AP) based network can be used as a complementary network. In this paper we have proposed a seamless LTE-Wi-Fi architecture by using packet gateway in LTE and Wi-Fi for maintaining the seamless connectivity for users and Wi-Fi is used as a complementary network over LTE. This proposed architecture has ANQP-DS (Access network query protocol Data Server) and AZC (Access Zone Control) are two main components to Wi-Fi network for balancing and controlling the load of User equipment’s (UE) in between access points (AP). It can used as one of the mechanism in the LTE and Wi-Fi Integration Process.

From Fixed to Mobile Convergence

2010 ◽  
pp. 167-179
Author(s):  
John Ayoade
Keyword(s):  
Access Network ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
Access Point ◽  
Mobile Terminal ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Mobile Telephony ◽  
Network Access ◽  
Line Technology ◽  
Fixed Line ◽  
Fixed Mobile Convergence

The aim of Fixed-Mobile Convergence (FMC) is to provide both fixed-line and mobile telephony services to users through the same handset which could switch between networks and support both wide-area mobile network access and local-area connection to fixed-line technology, typically through a local wireless connection. An important feature of FMC is to allow users to access a consistent set of services from any fixed or mobile terminal via any compatible access point, independent of access network it is attached to. The chapter discusses the benefits and challenges of the FMC. It also analyse the efforts that have been put into realising the potentials that FMC promised in the nearest future.

scholarly journals Joint optimization of network selection and task offloading for vehicular edge computing

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lujie Tang ◽  
Bing Tang ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Feiyan Guo ◽  
Haiwu He
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Vehicular Networks ◽  
Access Point ◽  
Edge Computing ◽  
Network Selection ◽  
Network Access ◽  
Task Execution ◽  
Point Selection ◽  
Vehicle Movement ◽  
Task Offloading

AbstractTaking the mobile edge computing paradigm as an effective supplement to the vehicular networks can enable vehicles to obtain network resources and computing capability nearby, and meet the current large-scale increase in vehicular service requirements. However, the congestion of wireless networks and insufficient computing resources of edge servers caused by the strong mobility of vehicles and the offloading of a large number of tasks make it difficult to provide users with good quality of service. In existing work, the influence of network access point selection on task execution latency was often not considered. In this paper, a pre-allocation algorithm for vehicle tasks is proposed to solve the problem of service interruption caused by vehicle movement and the limited edge coverage. Then, a system model is utilized to comprehensively consider the vehicle movement characteristics, access point resource utilization, and edge server workloads, so as to characterize the overall latency of vehicle task offloading execution. Furthermore, an adaptive task offloading strategy for automatic and efficient network selection, task offloading decisions in vehicular edge computing is implemented. Experimental results show that the proposed method significantly improves the overall task execution performance and reduces the time overhead of task offloading.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Overview of TCP Congestion Control in 5G Networks: Research Challenges and Future Perspectives

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 4510
Author(s):  
Josip Lorincz ◽  
Zvonimir Klarin ◽  
Julije Ožegović
Keyword(s):  
Congestion Control ◽  
Transmission Control Protocol ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Core Network ◽  
5G Networks ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Survey Paper ◽  
High Penetration ◽  
Reliable Communications

In today’s data networks, the main protocol used to ensure reliable communications is the transmission control protocol (TCP). The TCP performance is largely determined by the used congestion control (CC) algorithm. TCP CC algorithms have evolved over the past three decades and a large number of CC algorithm variations have been developed to accommodate various network environments. The fifth-generation (5G) mobile network presents a new challenge for the implementation of the TCP CC mechanism, since networks will operate in environments with huge user device density and vast traffic flows. In contrast to the pre-5G networks that operate in the sub-6 GHz bands, the implementation of TCP CC algorithms in 5G mmWave communications will be further compromised with high variations in channel quality and susceptibility to blockages due to high penetration losses and atmospheric absorptions. These challenges will be particularly present in environments such as sensor networks and Internet of Things (IoT) applications. To alleviate these challenges, this paper provides an overview of the most popular single-flow and multy-flow TCP CC algorithms used in pre-5G networks. The related work on the previous examinations of TCP CC algorithm performance in 5G networks is further presented. A possible implementation of TCP CC algorithms is thoroughly analysed with respect to the specificities of 5G networks, such as the usage of high frequencies in the mmWave spectrum, the frequent horizontal and vertical handovers, the implementation of the 5G core network, the usage of beamforming and data buffering, the exploitation of edge computing, and the constantly transmitted always-on signals. Moreover, the capabilities of machine learning technique implementations for the improvement of TCPs CC performance have been presented last, with a discussion on future research opportunities that can contribute to the improvement of TCP CC implementation in 5G networks. This survey paper can serve as the basis for the development of novel solutions that will ensure the reliable implementation of TCP CC in different usage scenarios of 5G networks.

Future mobile network: A framework for enabling SDN in mobile operator networks

2016 ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
Xu Xia ◽  
Zhenqiang Sun ◽  
Huiling Zhao ◽  
Fan Shi ◽  
Congjie Mao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Network ◽  
Mobile Operator

Open Source – Collaborative Innovation

2012 ◽  
pp. 1196-1217
Author(s):  
Avi Messica
Keyword(s):  
Software Development ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Current Status ◽  
The Past ◽  
Collaborative Innovation ◽  
Software And Hardware

This chapter reviews the current status of Open Source (OS) and provides new insights into the prerequisites of the OS process as well as the profile of OS contributors. Moreover, it extends the scope of possible business models such to augment those that exist or were already discussed in the past. While the term OS was coined in the context of software development and redistribution, this chapter presents and discusses the concept of OS to include any Open Collaborative Innovation in both software and hardware.

Cooperative Communication System Architectures for Cellular Networks

2010 ◽  
pp. 522-547
Author(s):  
Mischa Dohler ◽  
Djamal-Eddine Meddour ◽  
Sidi-Mohammed Senouci ◽  
Hassnaa Moustafa
Keyword(s):  
Business Models ◽  
Access Point ◽  
Cooperative Networks ◽  
Base Station ◽  
System Architectures ◽  
Data Rates ◽  
Promising Solution ◽  
Coverage Problems ◽  
The Cost

An ever-growing demand for higher data-rates has facilitated the growth of wireless networks in the past decades. These networks, however, are known to exhibit capacity and coverage problems, hence jeopardizing the promised quality of service towards the end-user. To overcome these problems, prohibitive investment costs in terms of base station or access point rollouts would be required if traditional, non-scalable, cell-splitting, and micro-cell capacity dimension procedures were applied. The prime aim of current R&D initiatives is, hence, to develop innovative network solutions that decrease the cost per bit/s/Hz over the wireless link. To this end, cooperative networks have emerged as an efficient and promising solution. We discuss in this chapter some key research and deployment issues, with emphasis on cooperative architectures, networking, and security solutions. We expose some motivations to use such networks, as well as latest state-of-the-art developments, open research challenges, and business models.

Enabling Cellular Device to Device Data Exchange on WISDOM 5G by Actuating Cooperative Communication Based on SMNAT

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-59
Author(s):  
Rajarshi Sanyal ◽  
Ramjee Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Communication ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
D2d Communication ◽  
Fractional Frequency Reuse ◽  
Core Network ◽  
Network Access ◽  
5G Networks ◽  
Allocation Process ◽  
Lte Advanced ◽  
Device To Device

The key attributes envisioned for LTE-Advanced pertaining to 5G Networks are ubiquitous presence, device convergence, massive machine connectivity, ultrahigh throughput and moderated carbon footprint of the network and the user equipment actuated by offloading cellular data traffic and by enabling device to device communication. The present method of mobility management and addressing as the authors have foreseen in LTE Advanced can solve some issues of cellular traffic backhaul towards the access and core network by actuating a local breakout and enabling communication directly between devices. But most of the approaches look forward towards an enhancement in the radio resource allocation process and prone to interference. Besides, most of these proposals delve in Device to Device (D2D) mode initiation from the device end, but no research has so far addressed the concept of a network initiated D2D process, which can optimise the channel utilisation and network operations further. In their attempt to knot these loose ends together, the auhtors furnish the concept of WISDOM (Wireless Innovative System for Dynamic Operating Mega communications) (Badoi Cornelia-I., Prasad N., Croitoru V., Prasad R., 2011) (Prasad R., June 2013) (Prasad R.,December 2013) and SMNAT (Sanyal, R., Cianca, E. and Prasad,R.,2012a) () () () (. Further, the authors explore how SMNAT (Smart Mobile Network Access Topology) can engage with WISDOM in cooperative communication to actuate D2D communication initiated by the device or the network. WISDOM is an architectural concept for 5G Networks based on cognitive radio approach. The cognition, sustained by adaptation techniques, is a way to provide communication, convergence, connectivity, co-operation, and content, anytime and anywhere. Though D2D communication using a dedicated spectrum in multi cell environment is possible through advanced network coding or by use of fractional frequency reuse, but physical proximity of the 2 devices is still a key requisite. In this paper the authors will discuss SMNAT which employs physical layer addressing to enable D2D communication agnostic to the spatial coordinates of the devices.

scholarly journals Future Generation 5G Wireless Networks for Smart Grid: A Comprehensive Review

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofana Reka. S ◽  
Tomislav Dragičević ◽  
Pierluigi Siano ◽  
S.R. Sahaya Prabaharan
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Electricity Markets ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Future Generation ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Complete Analysis ◽  
5G Networks ◽  
5G Network

Wireless cellular networks are emerging to take a strong stand in attempts to achieve pervasive large scale obtainment, communication, and processing with the evolution of the fifth generation (5G) network. Both the present day cellular technologies and the evolving new age 5G are considered to be advantageous for the smart grid. The 5G networks exhibit relevant services for critical and timely applications for greater aspects in the smart grid. In the present day electricity markets, 5G provides new business models to the energy providers and improves the way the utility communicates with the grid systems. In this work, a complete analysis and a review of the 5G network and its vision regarding the smart grid is exhibited. The work discusses the present day wireless technologies, and the architectural changes for the past years are shown. Furthermore, to understand the user-based analyses in a smart grid, a detailed analysis of 5G architecture with the grid perspectives is exhibited. The current status of 5G networks in a smart grid with a different analysis for energy efficiency is vividly explained in this work. Furthermore, focus is emphasized on future reliable smart grid communication with future roadmaps and challenges to be faced. The complete work gives an in-depth understanding of 5G networks as they pertain to future smart grids as a comprehensive analysis.

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