scholarly journals The distribution and density of Tapanuli orangutans (Pongo tapanuliensis) at potential corridor locations between forest fragments in Batang Toru, North Sumatra, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
ARFAH NASUTION ◽  
DYAH PERWITASARI-FARAJALLAH ◽  
S. SUCI UTAMI-ATMOKO
Keyword(s):  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
Population Number ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Undisturbed Forest ◽  
North Sumatra

Abstract. Nasution A, Perwitasari-Farajallah D, Utami-Atmoko SS. 2020. The distribution and density of Tapanuli orangutans (Pongo tapanuliensis) at potential corridor locations between forest fragments in Batang Toru, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 5382-5388. The newly discovered Tapanuli orangutan (Pongo tapanuliensis) is in danger of being lost in a few decades due to their small population number in fragmented forest of Batang Toru. The major threats faced by this critically endangered ape, including: hunting, habitat loss, and fragmentation due to large infrastructure development and other developments in the key corridor area. The establishment of corridor and buffer zone is one such effort to maintain their population and bring them from the brink of extinction. Data on the population and distribution are needed to assess and provide baseline information for investigating the habitat condition of potential corridors and buffer zones. This study aimed to analyze population and distribution of Tapanui orangutan (Pongo tapanuliensis) in buffer zone and potential corridor of Batang Toru. Our study provides an initial dataset prior to the development of the hydrodam, which is important to understand the future post-development impact. The study was carried out in disturbed (Hutaimbaru and Bulu Mario) and undisturbed forest (Sitandiang and Hopong) of Batang Toru from June 2015 until February 2016. Orangutan nest, fig (Ficus spp.), and trees bearing fruit were recorded using a line transect method. This research showed that population and distribution of orangutan were influenced by forest conditions, threat level, and fruit availability. There were fewer nests per km2 in disturbed forest than in undisturbed forest, resulting in an orangutan density estimation to be 0.24 ind/km2, 0.14 ind/ km2 (Hutaimbaru and Bulu Mario) and 0.74 ind/km2, 0.36 ind/km2 (Sitandiang and Hopong). Number of nest in transects was influenced by the availability of fig class I and class II, but not fruit tree. The APL forest of Sitandiang is key area to connect the three populations of Tapanuli orangutan: east Batang Toru, west Batang Toru, and Sibualbuali. Furthermore, orangutan’s nests were encountered both in protected and non-protected forest, thus protection of such areas, especially areas including primary forest that harbor orangutan is essential for their long term survival. The conservation measures and action Tapanuli orangutan is alarming, thus we recommend all remaining habitat should be officially and strictly protected and collaboration work with multi-stakeholder is essential to establish the corridor as well as the strategic management plan of Tapanuli orangutan.

scholarly journals Agroforestry system as a buffer zone in a Brazilian Atlantic Forest conservation unit: an artificial nest predation perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila André Galvão ◽  
Mercival Roberto Francisco ◽  
Marcelo Nivert Schlindwein
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Nest Predation ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Agroforestry System ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Artificial Nest ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
Predator Species

Abstract Here we inferred about the effectiveness of a buffer zone composed by an Agroforestry System (AS) for providing reproductive conditions for Atlantic Forest birds by comparing artificial nest predation rates between a buffer zone, a primary forest area, and a set of small and isolated Atlantic Forest fragments. We have used 237 nests throughout the three areas, of which 100 (42.2%) were depredated. Predation frequencies were 28.6% in the continuous forest, 100% in the AS, and 51.9% in the fragments, differing significantly. We could detect nest predators in 48 of the 100 depredated nests (48%) using camera traps. Differences between areas may be attributed to changes in nest predator species. We support previous evidences that the conservation of bird communities may not rely on buffer zones as an extension of their breeding habitats.

scholarly journals Nest characteristics and populations of Tapanuli Orangutans in the conflict areas, Batangtoru Landscape, North Sumatra, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanda Kuswanda ◽  
R. HAMDANI HARAHAP ◽  
HADI S. ALIKODRA ◽  
ROBERT SIBARANI
Keyword(s):  
Tree Height ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Durio Zibethinus ◽  
Canopy Area ◽  
Cash Compensation ◽  
Production Forests

Abstract. Kuswanda W, Harahap RH, Alikodra JS, Sibarani R. 2020. Nest characteristics and populations of Tapanuli orangutans in Batangtoru Landscape, South Tapanuli District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 3398-3406. Tapanuli orangutan (Pongo tapanuliensis) has been threatened to extinction due to conflicts with humans. Information on the orangutan characteristics in conflict areas at the Batangtoru Landscape is needed. Our research aimed to analyze the characteristics of nests, nest trees, and estimation of orangutan populations in conservation forests and buffer zones to develop conflict mitigation strategies in the Batangtoru Landscape, South Tapanuli District. A line transect method was used to count orangutan nests on 49 transects, starting from June 2019 to January 2020. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, frequency tables, Spearman correlation (rho), and the equation by (van Schaick et al. 1995). Tapanuli orangutans make nests at the height of 14.01 meters (90% CI = 13.37-14.67 meters), and most use the main stem as nest support. Tree nests of 35 species (17 families) were identified, with the highest frequency in (Durio zibethinus Murray), especially in the buffer zone. Correlation between nest tree diameter, tree height, and canopy area was significant (p <0.01, n = 83). The estimated orangutan populations in conflict areas were 155 individuals (95% CI = 121-187), and the highest was found in Dolok Sibualbuali Nature Reserve buffer zones. Mitigation strategy of human-orangutan conflict that needs to be realized is the non-cash compensation guaranteeing the community does not disturb orangutans on their land. The compensation forms can be the provision of seedlings and fertilizer for plants, agricultural machinery, knowledge to land management, and orangutan ecotourism development. Nest and feed trees enrichment can be carried out in production forests bordering with conservation area.

scholarly journals Main trends in the dynamics of forest plantations in the buffer zone of the Novopolotsk Refinery Complex (based on the results of a 25-year research)

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-42
Author(s):  
I. P. Voznyachuk ◽  
A. A. Molozhavski ◽  
A. V. Sudnik ◽  
N. L. Voznyachuk
Keyword(s):  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Leeward Side ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Plant Groups ◽  
Structure Of Communities ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Ability To Regenerate ◽  
Spruce Stands

The unique results of the 25-year monitoring of forest vegetation of the buffer zone at the Novopolotsk Refinery Complex (NIRC) were summarized. The analysis of quantitative and qualitative changes in the buffer zone, which occurred during the period 1990–2015 years of operation of NRC’s enterprises, is given. Detailed analysis of vegetation organization has shown that the most transformed forest areas are directly adjacent to the enterprises from the leeward side. During the 25-year period of research, the area of primary forest fragments in the 500-meter zone of NRC impact has decreased by 2.6 times. Derivatives of small-leaved communities formed at the place of dead coniferous stands immediately after the commissioning of the plants are presented here. The technogenic press reduction in the 1990s resulted in the active demutation transformations of vegetation. Recently, there has also been a dominance of restoration processes, but the change of the main pine and spruce stands to derivatives continues, which is reflected in the prolonged decomposition of fragments of previously disturbed stands. The direction and rates of change of some plant groups by others depend on the initial state of plants, species and age structure of communities, conditions of their growth and environmental factors. In general, it is noted that forest ecosystems of the region have retained the ability to regenerate the composition and structure.

scholarly journals Complex Small-Holder Agriculture in Rainforest Buffer Zone, Sri Lanka, Supports Endemic Birds

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Hanle ◽  
Balangoda M. P. Singhakumara ◽  
Mark S. Ashton
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
Bird Abundance ◽  
Point Counts ◽  
Zone Management

The Sinharaja rainforest in southwestern Sri Lanka is a protected forest in a largely agriculture-dominated landscape. In keeping with global UNESCO global biosphere reserves planning, the Sinharaja is surrounded by a buffer zone of regenerating forest and villages with small tea plots and multi-strata tree gardens (homegardens). Globally, however, conservation planning lacks standards on buffer zone management. We ask what relationships exist between village land use and bird assemblages, which are effective ecosystem indicators. Birds have been little studied across land use and vegetation structure in actively managed, large, protected forest buffer zones. To that end, we ran spatially- and temporally-replicated bird point counts across tree gardens, forest fragments, and tea plots within a Sinharaja village. Tree gardens held a greater abundance of birds across habitat association, conservation concern, diet, and endemic species than forest fragments or tea plots. Forest fragments and tree gardens hosted statistically similar numbers of birds in some subsets, but their species assemblages differed. In tea plots, greater shade tree species richness correlated with greater bird abundance and species richness. Our results support the argument for programs to support complex small-scale tree-based agroforestry embedded in buffer zone regenerating forest.

Litter thickness and soil pH influence the diversity of saprotrophic fungi in primary forest fragments in the Amazon

Pedobiologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 150771
Author(s):  
Maria Elisa Ferreira de Queiroz ◽  
Josiane Santana Monteiro ◽  
Arleu B. Viana-Junior ◽  
Catarina de Lurdes Bezerra Praxedes ◽  
Patrick Lavelle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Saprotrophic Fungi ◽  
Ph Influence

scholarly journals Spatial Assessment of the Potential Impact of Infrastructure Development on Biodiversity Conservation in Lowland Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roshan Sharma ◽  
Bhagawat Rimal ◽  
Nigel Stork ◽  
Himlal Baral ◽  
Maheshwar Dhakal
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Habitat Quality ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Remotely Sensed Data ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
Ecological Sites ◽  
Key Species ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Anthropogenic Threats ◽  
The Impact

Biodiversity is declining at an unprecedented rate with infrastructure development being one of the leading causes. New infrastructure, such as roads, provides new access and results in increased land clearing and wildlife hunting. A number of large infrastructure projects, including new roads and rail, are being planned in Nepal. We show the application of readily available remotely sensed data and geospatial tools to assess the potential impact of these future developments on habitat quality under three protection-level scenarios. Our findings reveal that there is currently large spatial heterogeneity in habitat quality across the landscape as a result of current anthropogenic threats, and that three areas in particular could have up to 40% reduction in habitat quality as a result of the planned infrastructure. Further research is required to determine more precisely the impact on key species. Strengthening protected areas and buffer zones will contribute to mitigating degradation to some degree, however, large areas of biologically significant areas outside protected areas will be affected without new controls. Our geographic information systems (GIS) based methodology could be used to conduct studies in data poor developing countries, where rapid infrastructure development across ecological sites are ongoing, in order to make society, policy makers, and development planners aware.

scholarly journals Housing and population sprawl near tailings storage facilities in the Witwatersrand: 1952 to current

2015 ◽  
Vol Volume 111 (Number 11/12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie A. Kneen ◽  
Matthew E. Ojelede ◽  
Harold J. Annegarn ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Census Data ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Housing Development ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Population Exposure ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Gold Extraction ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
Quality Dispersion ◽  
Storage Facilities

Abstract Mining, tailings storage facilities (TSFs), dust pollution and growth in residential housing development are synonymous with the Witwatersrand, South Africa. Encroachment of housing onto land close to TSFs, i.e. areas rendered marginal because of the dust hazard and risk of structural failure, has continued unabated for decades, intensifying human exposure to windblown mineral dust. Recent research indicates that the finer milling used for modern gold extraction results in aeolian dust emanating from the TSFs which contributes to a higher proportion of inhalable particles in the source material. Air quality dispersion modelling, validated by ambient aerosol monitoring campaigns, indicates that episodic dust events generate particulate matter (PM10) and, specifically, quartz dust concentrations that are unhealthy at distances of up to 2 km downwind from TSFs. This contribution documented residential development from 1952 to 2011 (using historical aerial photographs, census data from 2001 and 2011 and ancillary information) to determine the population exposed to dust emanations from the TSFs. Using the images, land use was classified into residential areas, TSF footprints and open areas, onto which a series of 500 m buffer zone contours were superimposed. The resulting statistics were used to assess the populations exposed to dust hazard within the defined buffer zones. Overall, housing development has experienced a growth of approximately 700% since 1952 at a rate of 14% per year. Analysis of recent monitoring campaign data has confirmed multiple occurrences of quartzrich inhalable dust in residential settings at levels that exceed occupational health standards, extrapolated to values for population exposure.

scholarly journals The landscape concept of environment in Taman Gajah Mada Medan

2021 ◽  
Vol 922 (1) ◽  
pp. 012035
Author(s):  
A F Abus ◽  
T Lubis ◽  
N A A Abus
Keyword(s):  
Transition Zone ◽  
General Public ◽  
Outdoor Recreation ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Public Open Space ◽  
North Sumatra ◽  
Sports Activities ◽  
Public Open Spaces

Abstract Taman Gajah Mada is an outdoor recreation landscape located on Jalan Gajah Mada Medan, North Sumatra. Residents around Medan use this landscape to carry out sports activities. Usually, Taman Gajah Mada is visited by visitors in the morning and evening. Visitors who come in the morning usually come to just exercise. Meanwhile, visitors who come in the afternoon typically sit around enjoying the afternoon atmosphere in this beautiful and clean garden. This study was qualitative, and the ethnography method was applied to collect and analyze the data. The analysis also deliberated the unity of multidiscipline landscape architects and landscape anthropology to explain the use of outdoor recreation in Taman Gajah Mada. This literature becomes a reference for research on the concept of public open space at Taman Gajah Mada to maintain cultural originality in the use of roars in the landscape. This study indicates three public open spaces, namely the buffer zone, transition zone, andcore zone. These three public open spaces can be grouped into two based on their function and purpose: general and special public open spaces. The general public open spaces such as transition zoneand core zonecan be utilized and used by the entire community, while special ones such as the Buffer Zone are buffer areas.

scholarly journals Geopolitical Discrimination of Some Countries as Exemplified by Ukraine: Difficulties and Perspectives

2018 ◽  
pp. 666-670
Author(s):  
Olha Bohomolets
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
The United States ◽  
Western World ◽  
Collective Security ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
International Power ◽  
Post War

The article studies the history and the current stage of Russia’s aggression to-wards countries with lower military potential. The collapse of the post-war system of international relations and collective security has become apparent: the aggression of Russia against Moldova, Georgia and Ukraine has testified to the fact that there are no longer any tools to protect countries subjected to discrimination from super powers. Today discrimination affects not only people or social groups, but also some countries. Such countries are not capable of pursuing an independent policy as to major centres of international power they have to deal with. Peculiar to these countries are uncompetitive economy, low quality of life and undeveloped civil society, they hence become a target for “vital interests”, namely bidding by so-called super powers. “Giants” are attracted by the geographical location of a possible “victim”, access to the sea, transit facilities, natural resources, especially energy, low-cost labour, etc. It is often that “discriminated” countries become grounds for ignition of burning or frozen conflicts provoked by powerful neighbours’ influence, or are exposed to open aggression and become subject to occupation or hybrid war. This has all started after the Second World War, when super powers of the USSR and China, on the one hand, and the United States, Great Britain, Australia, and others, on the other, have made Korea fall into two states. In addition, there was subsequently a division of Germany, the Caribbean crisis…However, such conflicts then were not that wide-ranging, since the post-war collective security system was quite effective. Things, though, have changed dramatically in recent decades. One of the largest global players − Russia – has decisively begun to create around itself a buffer zone formed of countries, where it fuels frozen conflicts and in such a way keeps them under the radar and hinders their integration into the Western world. Initially, Russia ignited a conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh, supporting Armenia and assisting it to invade a considerable part of the territory in Azerbaijan, and then initiated the war in Transnistria by virtually occupying part of Moldova’s territory and asserting itself there on the pretext of deploying a peacekeeping mission. Later, there was a war in Abkhazia and then − in South Ossetia aiming to detach part of Georgia’s territory. And lastly, the turn of Ukraine has come… Regrettably, Ukraine is a typical and another example of a country that has fallen victim of multifaceted interests of the leading global players − Russia, the United States and the EU, and has faced all possible forms of discrimination. Keywords: war in eastern Ukraine, military aggression, geopolitics, conflicts, buffer zones.

scholarly journals Vegetated Buffer Zone Restoration Planning in Small Urban Watersheds

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 3000
Author(s):  
Yucong Duan ◽  
Jie Tang ◽  
Zhaoyang Li ◽  
Bo Yang ◽  
Yu Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Urban River ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Runoff Simulation ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
Land Occupation ◽  
Restoration Planning

Vegetated buffer zones (VBZ) are accepted worldwide as a low impact method to avoid non-point source pollution and restore the balance of river ecosystems. Strongly influenced by industrialization and urbanization, urban river ecology is seriously damaged, and restoration is tricky. This study established a complete buffer zone construction framework suitable for the small urban watershed, and its feasibility is verified in a small watershed in Northern China. First, common plants in the study area were selected to test their ability to purify pollutants, and plant combinations were optimized. Secondly, according to the field investigation, the reference buffer zone was determined, and its sewage interception capacity was tested through a runoff simulation experiment. Then, based on GIS and Phillips time and hydraulic models, the normal buffer width of the study area was obtained; 60 m for mainstream and 40 m for tributaries. By optimizing the vegetation scheme and delimiting an efficient buffer zone, the land occupation can be reduced by 17%. Finally, combined with the characteristics of different river sections, an elaborate VBZ restoration scheme is designed from the aspects of vegetation, planning, and zoning. Generally, this research will provide government and land managers scientific and practical ideas and technologies to formulate a land management policy for urban river buffer zones in order to find a balance between aquatic ecological protection and urban land use planning and optimize the allocation of construction funds.

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